四级英语听力的模式及应试技巧.docx
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四级英语听力的模式及应试技巧
四级英语听力的模式及应试技巧
听力对话部分一般是15个小题,由A和B两部分组成。
A部分通常是8个短对话,每个对话设一个小题,要求同学们根据对话内容从四个选项中选择正确答案。
B部分有2个长对话,每个有3或4个问题。
短文也有两种形式:
A部分是听短文做选择,一般是三篇120-140字之间的短文,每篇短文后有3或4个问题,共10道小题。
该部分主要测试同学们的整体理解能力。
B部分复合式听写。
复合式听写由两部分组成。
一是单词或短语听写,要求同学们毫无差错地填出短文所缺单词。
另一种是补全信息。
一般是,每段的第一句主题句已经给出,要求填出具体细节内容说明主题,可以使用听到的原话,也可以使用自己的语言。
做好准备:
预备聆听声带的指引留意接着的内容(包括who?
what?
where?
when?
why?
how?
)
在聆听每一个部分前,您应先找出问题的位置。
在正式开始每部分前都会有大概10至30秒的空白时间,您应该争取在这段时间内了解和预测您将会需要注意的要点。
当对话或访问开始时,先细心注意例句,了解回答测验的方法。
学会预测 根据选项预测问题
联想、调动相关词语语义场
Short-termmemory
ShorthandGPA
听力测验有非常多的问答形式:
配对题(Matching)真假题(True/False)填充题(Gapfill)选择题(MultipleChoice)完成句子题(SentenceCompletion)图解标签题(DiagramLabeling)图表完成题(Chart/tablecompletion)短问答(Short-answerquestion)
在听力测验进行时,您需要同时发挥四种技巧:
读测验指引和问题聆听综合资料
听重要字句写答案
在正式聆听前,您会有时间阅读问题簿,您应趁这段时间预测您将会听到的内容。
您对测验内容的预测愈准确,您的分数会愈高。
试预测会有多少人说话,他们会做什么,说什么和会用什么字。
听力测验的第一部份是四部分之中最简单的。
您应有心理准备每部份都会比之前的较深。
如您的英语程度是属于起码中等水平,您通常都会在第一部份取得高分,但紧张或心理未入状态都会令您在第一部份失分。
分清词汇的意思---在选择题中,必须先认清每个答案的意思,并能准确地预期到将会听到的答案。
注意通常会重复和强调的字---通常重要资料,甚至答案都会被强调和重复两至三次。
知道什么时候看什么问题---在每一部分中,声带播放是不会告诉您现在是轮到什么问题,您应该在留意聆听一条问题的答案时注意下一条问题,如您不先看下一条问题,当您不幸地错过一个答案的时候,您会跟不上整段内容,当下一条问题的答案出现时,您也许还在等上一条问题的答案。
留意标记字或句(Markerwords/phrases)
标记词语的出现和语气音调突然转变,这样可以帮助注意什么时候转问题。
当发现下一条问题已开始的时候,就算还未完成之前的一条问题,也应该转到下一条。
以下是一些标记词语的例子:
-Andnow(wewill)...-Nowtellme...-BeforeImoveonto...
-Andwhatabout...?
-Next,I’dliketo...-Right,sothefirstthing...
-I’dlikenottomoveonto...-Well,that’saboutit,exceptfor...
-Finally,canyoutellus...-Tostartwith...-Onemorething
注意讲者随时会改变主意
讲者随时会改变主意和改正已说过的话。
有时候,更正的说话会由其他人口中讲出来。
用速记方法记字
很多时候,当您还没写好一条问题的答案,另一条问题的答案已出现,要加快速度,可以写每个字的头两三个字母,这个方法尤其对于填充题有用。
您最好在正式考试前试练习这个方法。
短文与短对话题型的小技巧:
1、听什么就选什么:
视听一致,边听边选,一一对应。
2、顺序原则:
注意题目和文章的考点有先后顺序对应的关系。
3、解释原则:
针对超纲的重要单词,如果是考点,后面会给出具体的解释。
比如,03年9月份passage2,开头单词graffiti。
4、转折和对比原则:
转折典型词汇:
如but,however,nevertheless,while,infact等等。
对比典型词汇:
如comparedto,unlike,instead,incontrastto等等。
5、因果原则:
听短文的时候,要特别注意那些含有因果关系的词或者概念。
因果原则细分原因类和结果类的表达。
Asaresult;since,dueto;becauseof;
6、开头原则:
开头往往考到主题词以及主题句。
7、结尾原则:
在文章到最后的时刻和问题开始读的时刻中间会有一定时间的停顿。
这个停顿相当重要,使得我们明确文章结束以及最后说的什么。
结尾往往考文章结或者主题。
8、人名原则:
无论是不是名人,都要关注人物的身份以及地位、贡献。
9、强调原则:
(1)含义强调 Specially,especially,indeed,certainly,only,certainly
(2)解释原则:
Whichis,thus,thatis,whichmeans
(3)举例强调:
Forexample,forinstance,suchas,illustrate
(4)结论强调 Asaresult,inshort,inaword,inconclusion,allinall,inbrief
(5)重复强调 短文中重复率很高的词或者概念往往就是该短文的主题。
主题题的考点会首尾呼应,也就是重复。
重复率很高的词或者概念要特别注意。
长对话概论及做题技巧:
重点:
通过抓住信号词来把握具体场景。
核心做题技巧:
A:
人物关系:
邻居?
夫妻?
同学?
师生?
同事等,能够为后面做题判断人物身份起到良好的铺垫。
B:
动作行为:
动词和动词结构往往是最重要的考察对象之一。
C:
意见建议(suggest、should、would、could、advice、tips)
D:
态度词:
长对话往往涉及态度,观点的判断和speaker结论
四级英语听力的命题规律和测试重点
对话对话部分考查的重点有:
1)地点根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。
地点题一般有以下几种:
(1)根据信息词设题
① W:
Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?
M:
So do I. Let me call room service. Hello, room service. Please send a menu to 320 right away.
Q:
Where are the two speakers?
A.In a hotel. B.At a dinner table.C.In the street. D.At the man's house.
该题通过hungry 和menu来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择B,其实,本题所借助的信息词是room service 和320这个房间号,答案是A.
② M:
Can you stay for dinner?
W:
I'd love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school.
Q:
Where will the woman go first?
A.To the school B.To a friend's house.C.Tothe post office. D.Home
本题借助registered mail设题,答案是C.但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题,要求同学们能听出是“首先到……地方”。
③ M:
Excuse me, I'm looking for the emergency room. I thought thatit was on the first floor.
W:
It is. This is the basement. Take the elevator one flight up and turn left.
Q:
Where did the conversation most probably take place?
A.In a library B. In a hotel.C.In a hospital. D. In an elevator
本题设题所依据的信息词是emergency room,只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为C.
(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题.有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时,一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。
这种情况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。
如:
① M:
I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back?
W:
He was just back from France besides visiting Britain, Germany,and Spain.
Q:
Which country did the woman visit first?
A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain
四个地点都是访问过的地点,要求同学们能够分清先后。
答案为B.
② M:
Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend?
W:
He'll be supposed to,but he won't be back from his trip until the next week.Q:
Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday?
A. At the party B. At homeC. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip.
本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为C.
2)职业、身份根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四级听力测试中又一常见题型。
该题型的题项设计有两种:
(1)说话者自身的身份或职业根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份:
① W:
Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. I'm with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M:
Not at all. Go ahead, please.
Q:
What is Susan Gray?
A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student.
由local newspaper可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。
② M:
How about the food I ordered?
I've been waiting for 20 minutes already.
W:
I'm very sorry, sir. I'll be back with your order in a minute.
Q:
Who is the man most probably speaking to?
A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operatorC. A waitress. D. A clerk.
与order有关的自然是waitress,答案为A.
(2)说话双方之间的关系该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份,问题经常是 What's the relationship between the two speakers?
① W:
How long will it take you to fix my watch?
M:
I'll call you when it's ready. But it shouldn't take longer than a week.Q:
What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller.
C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman.
既然女士让男的fix my watch,说明对方是repairman,而自己是customer.
② M:
Sorry to trouble you. But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket?
I feel cold.
W:
I think we've got one. Could you wait until after take-off please?
Q:
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. A guest and a receptionist. B. A passenger and an air hostess.
C. A customer and a shop assistant. D. A guest and a waitress.
take-off一词的使用说明女的是空姐,答案自然是B.
可以看出,职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。
当然,要判断双方的关系,还可以从说话的方式入手。
如:
M:
Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.
W:
Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.Q:
What's the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client.
C Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient.
两人间说话的语气和方式表明是“老板与秘书”的关系。
3)计算题计算题在四级英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念,还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。
如:
① M:
Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes?
W:
Yes, he takes lessons twice a week, but from next week on, he will go to the class on Saturday evenings, too.
Q:
How often will the woman's son have piano lessons from next week on?
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week.
C. Three times a week. D. Four times a week.
两次加一次自然是三次,答案是C.
② W:
Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons.
M:
Really?
I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend to go over the rest of the lessons.
Q:
How many lessons must the man review over the weekend?
A. Five lessons. B. Three lessons.
C. Twelve lessons D. Fifteen lessons.
这是最简单的计算题,只要同学们不将答案误认为是C或D,就不会出错。
③ W:
Here's a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight's show please.
M:
Sure. Two tickets and here is $1,40 change.
Q:
How much does one ticket cost?
A. $1.40. B. $4.30. C. $6.40. D. $8.60
10美元,两张票,找零1.40美元,说明每张票为4.30美元。
从以上例子可以看出,含有数量概念的题,对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案,总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。
4)言外之意、弦外之音
推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。
从试题的设计特点来看,大体有一下几种:
(1)对虚拟语气的考查包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有“是不非”相对的选项,这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。
如:
① W:
I'm thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it's worth seeing?
M:
Well, I wish I had been there.
Q:
What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The man is planning a trip to Austin.
B. The man has not been to Austin before.
C. The man doesn't like Austin.
D. The man has been to Austin before.
I wish I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。
② W:
If it hadn't been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o'clock.
M:
It's too bad you didn't make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you.
Q:
What happened to the woman?
A. She got home before 9 o'clock. B. She had a bad cold.
C. She had a car accident. D. She was delayed.
If it hadn't been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o'clock.说明因为雪太大,说话者未能在9点前到家。
也就是说she was delayed.
(2)对建议的考查建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式,根据建议选择正确选项。
如:
① W:
The movie starts in 5 minutes and there's bound to be a long time.M:
Why don't we come back for the next show?
I'm sure it would be less crowded.Q:
What is the man suggesting?
A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in a queue.
C. Coming back in five minutes. D. Not going to the movie today.Why don't…?
上一种建议表达方式,根据该句所表达的内容可以判断答案是A.
② W:
We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it.M:
How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen?
Q:
What does the man suggest they should do?
A. Finding a larger room. B. Sell the old table.
C. Buy two bookshelves. D. Rearrange some furniture.
根据moving the dining table to the kitchen来判断答案为D.
建议的表达方式还有:
Why not …?
What do you think of …?
If I were you/If I were in your shoes, I would …
Shall we …?
I suggest … You'd better/You ought to…
(3)对话题的考查
话题指会话双方所谈论的话题,要求同学们具有概括能力。
如:
1 W:
Do you want a day course or an evening course?
M:
Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.Q:
What are they talking about?
A.The choice of courses. B. A day course.
C. An evening course. D. Their work.
两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课,由此可以判断答案应该是A.
② M:
I was terribly embarrassed when some of the audience got up and left in the middle of the performance.
W:
Well,some people just can't seem to a