学年山西省吕梁市高二上学期期末考试模拟试题 英语 解析版.docx
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学年山西省吕梁市高二上学期期末考试模拟试题英语解析版
绝密★启用前
山西省吕梁市2018-2019学年高二期末考试模拟试题英语
评卷人
得分
一、阅读理解
Anearthquakeisatremblingorshakingofthegroundcausedbythesuddenrelease(释放)ofenergystoredintherocksbelowthesurface.Generally,earthquakeslastonlyseconds.Stronggroundshakingduringamedium(中等的)tolargeearthquakegenerallylastsabout10to30seconds.Aftershocks(余震)canoccuronceinawhileforweeksorevenmonths.
Manypeoplethinkthatthereisan“earthquakeseason”orakindof“earthquakeweather”.Asamatteroffact,thereisn’t.Earthquakescanoccuratanytimeoftheyearandattimeofdayornight.Earthquakesoccurunderallweatherconditions-sunny,wet.orcoldwithoutanyspecialweathertendency(倾向).
Also,youdon’tneedtoworrythatthegroundwillopenupandswallowpeoplewhenearthquakesoccur.Opengroundcracksmayformduringanearthquake,forexample,tolandslidingorgroundfalling.However,suchcrackstendtobeopengaps(theydon’t“swallow”)thatapersoncouldstandinafterwards.
Thesafestplaceinanearthquakeisanopenfieldbecausebuildingsandfallingobjectscaninjureorkillyou.Ifyouareindoors,whenyoufeelthegroundstarttoshake,takecoverimmediatelyunderatableorstrongpieceoffurniture,placingsomethingbetweenfallingobjectsandyourself.Don’tattempttousethestairsoranelevatortogetoutofthebuilding.
1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Earthquakesusuallylast10to30seconds.
B.Afterabigearthquake,therearemanymorequakes.
C.Cracksinanearthquakeareverydangerous.
D.Whatusuallyinjurespeopleduringanearthquakearefallingbuildings.
2.Thereasonwhythereisn’t“earthquakeweather”isthat____________.
A.anearthquakeonlylastssecondsanddoesn’thappenfrequently.
B.anearthquakecanhappenatanytimeandinanykindofweather.
C.whenanearthquakehappensisrelatedtotheweather
D.earthquakesdon’tchangewiththeseasons
3.Theunderlinedword“swallow”inParagraph3probablymeans“___________”?
A.takesb./sth.inB.makesb.frightened
C.makeroomforsb.tostandinD.makethegroundslide
【答案】
1.D
2.B
3.A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。
这篇短文主要介绍了地震的特点以及人们对地震存在的一些误区,说明了没有“地震”天气的原因是地震可以发生在任何时候,也可以在任何天气情况下发生以及地震逃生的一些注意事项。
1.细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的Thesafestplaceinanearthquakeisanopenfieldbecausebuildingsandfallingobjectscaninjureorkillyou.可知,根据文章来看,在地震中,让人们受伤的是倒塌的建筑。
故D选项正确。
2.细节理解题。
根据第二段中的Earthquakescanoccuratanytimeoftheyearandattimeofdayornight.Earthquakesoccurunderallweatherconditions-sunny,wet.orcoldwithoutanyspecialweathertendency(倾向).可知,没有“地震”天气的原因是地震可以发生在任何时候,也可以在任何天气情况下发生。
故B选项正确。
3.词义猜测题。
根据Howeversuchcrackstendtobeopengaps(theydon’t“swallow”)thatapersoncouldstandinafterwards.可知,这些裂口不能吞没人,所以swallow意思是吸收,吞没。
故A选项正确。
【点睛】
阅读理解所设试题主要考察细节查找,做题关键是找出原文的根据,认真核查题支和原文的异同,常犯错误有:
绝对化语言,范围扩大或缩小,以偏概全,张冠李戴等。
考生首先要浏览短文后的小题题干,标出关键词(组),带着问题去阅读,能够做到心中有数,目的明确;然后再仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握细节信息,并在标出能得出答案的有效信息。
如第2小题,Thereasonwhythereisn’t“earthquakeweather”isthat____.没有“地震天气”的原因是什么。
根据题干中的earthquakeweather,我们可以定位到第二段Manypeoplethinkthatthereisan“earthquakeseason”orakindof“earthquakeweather”.Asamatteroffact,thereisn’t.(许多人认为有一个“地震季节”或一种“地震天气”。
事实上,没有。
),接下来则是解释为什么没有。
通过下文我们可以得知,地震可以发生在一年中的任何时候,也可以发生在白天或晚上,地震可以发生在任何天气条件下。
从而得出正确答案。
StephenWilliamHawkingwasbornon8January1942inOxford,England.Hisparents’housewasinnorthLondon,butduringtheSecondWorldWarOxfordwasconsideredasaferplacetohavebabies.Whenhewaseight,hisfamilymovedtoStAlbans,atownabout20milesnorthofLondon.AtelevenStephenwenttoStAlbansSchool,andthenontoUniversityCollege,Oxford,hisfather’soldcollege.StephenwantedtodoMathematics,althoughhisfatherwouldhavepreferredmedicine.MathematicswasnotavailableatCollege,sohedidPhysicsinstead.AfterthreeyearsandnotverymuchworkhewasawardedafirstclasshonoursdegreeinNaturalScience.
StephenthenwentontoCambridgetodoresearchinCosmology,therebeingnooneworkinginthatareainOxfordatthetime.HissupervisorwasDennisSciama,althoughhehadhopedtogetFredHoylewhowasworkinginCambridge.AftergaininghisPh.D,hebecamefirstaResearchFellow,andlateronaProfessorialFellowatGonvilleandCaiusCollege.AfterleavingtheInstituteofAstronomyin1973StephencametotheDepartmentofAppliedMathematicsandTheoreticalPhysics,andsince1979hasheldthepostofLucasianProfessorofMathematics.Thechairwasfoundedin1663withmoneyleftinthewilloftheReverendHenryLucas,whohadbeentheMemberofParliamentfortheUniversity.ItwasfirstheldbyIsaacBarrow,andthenin1663byIsaacNewton.
ProfessorHawkinghastwelvehonorarydegrees,wasawardedtheCBEin1982,andwasmadeaCompanionofHonourin1989.Heistherecipientofmanyawards,medalsandprizesandisaFellowofTheRoyalSocietyandaMemberoftheUSNationalAcademyofSciences.
4.Athisteenage,StephenW.Hawkingwenttothesamecollegeas.
A.GalileoB.hisfather
C.IsaacBarrowD.IsaacNewton
5.WhichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofwhathappenedtoHawking?
a.HegainedhisPh.D.
b.HewenttoCambridge.
c.Hewasgivenafirstclasshonourdegree.
d.HebegantoholdthepostofLucasianProfessorofMathematics.
e.HewenttoStAlbansSchool.
A.e-c-b-a-dB.a-e-c-d-b
C.a-e-c-b-dD.c-b-d-e-a
6.Accordingtothepassage,StephenW.Hawkinghadneverspentmuchtimestudying.
A.CosmologyB.Mathematics
C.PhysicsD.Medicine
7.BeforeStephenHawkingwenttoCambridge,.
A.therewasnoonestudyingCosmologyinEngland
B.therewasnoonestudyingCosmologyinOxford
C.therewereonlyafewscientistsstudyingCosmologyinOxford
D.CosmologyiswidelystudiedinBritain
【答案】
4.B
5.A
6.D
7.B
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。
本文主要介绍了斯蒂芬威廉霍金博士的一生以及他所获得的荣誉。
4.细节理解题。
根据第一段中的AtelevenStephenwenttoStAlbansSchool,andthenontoUniversityCollege,Oxford,hisfather’soldcollege.可知,11岁时,斯蒂芬上了圣奥尔本斯中学,然后上了他父亲的母校牛津大学学院。
故B选项正确。
5.细节理解题。
阅读文章第二段,根据时间状语的提示可了解前因后果,排好顺序为e-c-b-a-d。
故A选项正确。
6.细节理解题。
第一段倒数第二句提到了Physics;第二段第一句提到了Cosmology;第二段第四句提到了他学了Mathematics;根据第一段可知Medicine只不过是他父亲希望他学的专业而已,他并没有花时间学习。
故D选项正确。
7.细节理解题。
根据文中第二段第一句话StephenthenwentontoCambridgetodoresearchinCosmology,therebeingnooneworkinginthatareainOxfordatthetime.可知,在斯蒂芬·霍金去剑桥之前,没有人在牛津学习宇宙学。
故B选项正确。
Asacapitalcityfullofartandhistory,Londonisanimportantpoliticalcentreandahugefinancialmarketplace.WhateveryouthinkaboutLondon,visitingasatouristisverydifferentfromlivingthere.EachpartofLondonhasitsowncharacter.Somepartsarericherthanothers,ormoreindustrial,orhavebetterhousing.
Let’sstartwiththecentre,the“SquareMile”.ThisistheoldestpartofLondon.Inthepast,itwaswhereallfinancialbusinesswasdone.Notmanypeoplelivehere,but300,000peopleworkhereeveryday.
Movingwest,wecometotheWestEnd.Thisbusyshoppingandentertainmentdistrictisburstingwiththingstodo.TakeawalkdownOxfordStreet,andyouwillseebigdepartmentstoreslikeSelfridgesandHarrods.Rentshereareveryhigh;aone-bedroomapartmentmaycostaround1,000poundsaweek.FurtherawayisWestLondon.Thisareaismoreresidential(住宅的)andveryfashionable.
TheEastEndcontainsthePortofLondon,whichhistoricallyiswheremanyimmigrantsfirstarrived.WavesofFrench,Belgians,Jews,PakistanisandBangladeshishavealllivedhere.Thismakesthecultureofthisareaveryvarious.LondonwonthebidtoholdtheOlympicsin2012,somanyLondonershopethathousing,educationandemploymentformanypeopleinthisareawillimprove.
ItisdifficulttobegeneralaboutLondon.Thecityismadeupofa"collectionofvillages”,eachareawithitsowncharacterandcommunity.Putthemalltogether,andyouhaveLondon,aninternationalcapital.
8.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutSquareMileisNOTtrue?
A.ItistheoldestpartofLondon.
B.ItisthecenterofLondon.
C.Allfinancialbusinesswasoncedonethere.
D.300,000peoplelivethere.
9.Tom,anAmerican,wantstogoshoppinginLondon.Hehadbettergoto.
A.theEastEndB.theWestEnd
C.thePortofLondonD.theSquareMile
10.Accordingtothepassage,Harrodsis.
A.adepartmentstoreB.aresidentialarea
C.afamoussquareD.asmallvillage
11.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?
A.TheEastEndisricherthanotherpartsofLondon.
B.TheremustbemanyshipsintheEastEnd.
C.PeoplelivingintheEastEndhavegoodhousing.
D.MostLondonersaresatisfiedwiththeirgovernment.
【答案】
8.D
9.B
10.A
11.B
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。
文章介绍了伦敦的构成及各部分的大致情况。
8.细节理解题。
根据第二段中的Notmanypeoplelivehere,but300,000peopleworkhereeveryday可知,不是很多人住在这里,但是每天有30万人在这里工作。
D项“30万人住在这里”与原文不符。
故D选项正确。
9.细节理解题。
根据第三段中的Movingwest,wecometotheWestEnd.Thisbusyshoppingandentertainmentdistrictisburstingwiththingstodo.可知,伦敦西区是繁忙的购物和娱乐区。
故B选项正确。
10.细节理解题。
根据第三段中的TakeawalkdownOxfordStreet,andyouwillseebigdepartmentstoreslikeSelfridgesandHarrods.(沿着牛津街散步,你会看到像塞尔福里奇百货公司和哈罗德百货公司这样的大百货公司。
)可知,Harrods是一家百货公司。
故A选项正确。
11.推理判断题。
根据第四段中的TheEastEndcontainsthePortofLondon,whichhistoricallyiswheremanyimmigrantsfirstarrived.(伦敦东区是伦敦港,从历史上看,这里是许多移民最先到达的地方。
)可推知,伦敦东区一定有很多船。
故B选项正确。
MyhusbandDavidwaswaitingatthedoorwhenourdaughterLauraandIpulledinthedriveway.Itwasn’tlikehimtobehomesoearly.Thedisbeliefonhisfacetoldmethatsomethingwasup.
"Doyoustillhaveajob?
"
"No.Redundant,"heanswered,lookingawayfromme.
"OK.We’llfigureitout,"Irepliedcalmly.
Iactuallyhadnoideahowweweregoingtofigureitout.Iimmediatelystartedtothinkofhowwe’dcutcostsandw