170318班第六次课.docx
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170318班第六次课
Higher education can be funded in several ways including the following three:
1. All costs are paid by the government.
2. All costs are paid by the student.
3. All costs are paid by the student using loans from the government that must be repaid after graduation.
Which is the best one?
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receive a university education
receive a college education
cut
cut jobs
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job cuts
decline
reduce consumption of
decline ...
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lessen ...
cut down on ..
measurement
measure
Higher education can be funded in several ways including the following three:
1. All costs are paid by the government.
2. All costs are paid by the student.
3. All costs are paid by the student using loans from the government that must be repaid after graduation.
Which is the best one?
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A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 生活满意，觉得社会公平
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A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 生活满意，觉得社会公平
A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 给经济发展做贡献
A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 培养学生的责任感
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A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 生活满意，觉得社会公平
背景：
学费很贵，只有有钱人可以上大学
举例：
学法律，学医学，学会计
对比：
学生需要自己支付，失去高等教育的机会
A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 给经济发展做贡献
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A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 给经济发展做贡献
观点1：
学以致用，产出更高
观点2：
做研究，更多的知识，创新
对比：
学生需要自己支付，政府很难利用优秀年轻人的潜能
A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 培养学生的责任感
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A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 培养学生的责任感
观点1：
还钱，珍惜学习的机会
观点2：
回报社会，感恩
对比：
政府给钱，不重视
Interest-free loan
Go to, attend university
Economic growth,economic development, a healthy
economy
Apply theory to work… apply what they learn at university
A productive workforce,
Carry out research, technological innovations/ groundbreaking innovations
Self-funded, pay education, tap the potential of …. Unlock potential of …
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eligible
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it is worth mentioning that
it is worth noting that ...
it is important to realise that
it is important to bear it in mind that ...
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can can can
are able to
are capable of
should
ought to..
supposed to ..
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ought to..
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supposed to ..
A政府给贷款B学生可以上大学C培养学生的责任感
观点1：
还钱，珍惜学习的机会
观点2：
回报社会，感恩
对比：
政府给钱，不重视
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Give away part of their wealth to…
Give ..back to…
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A政府给贷款 B 学生可以上大学 C 培养学生的责任感
观点1：
还钱，珍惜学习的机会
观点2：
回报社会，感恩
对比：
政府给钱，不重视
Foster a sense of responsibility
Repay loan, pay off loan
Cherish/ treasure …
Give away part of their wealth to…
Give ..back to…
Feel grateful, a sense of gratitude
Free education, free tuition,
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there is another point that
there is an added benefit that ...
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In the past, people used to travel to see the difference from their home country. However, the buildings in places around the world seem similar nowadays. What are the causes of these similarities?
Do you think that the advantages of this similarity outweigh the disadvantages?
城市人口增多，高楼林立才可以容纳人口， 建筑相似
全球化不断发展，西方一些国家的建筑被世界其他地方的建筑师模仿，所以人们会感觉环境很像
各个城市都一样，丧失了特有风貌，传统文化和习惯的丢失
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话题43：
文化多样性
全球化通过下面的途径影响我们的文化：
l西方的跨国公司
l西方的媒体（包括杂志、电影、电视节目等）
l和西方人的接触（包括旅游、留学和移民等）
接触不同的文化，思维更加宽，人更加宽容
接触不同的文化，某些习俗可能慢慢消失，影响文化多样性
我们会在以下方面失去自己的传统和习惯，世界变得无聊，我们失去文化认同感
l衣服
l艺术、音乐、电影
l建筑
l饮食
l传统节日，庆典
l价值观和生活观 （尊重家人和以自我为主，保护环境还是破坏环境，强调社会公德还是强调个人礼仪， 对于男女分工的看法，）
l语言
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A 政府投资 B 援建贫困国家基建 C 建筑风格雷同
点评：
这个观点不恰当，因为你去旅游不可能是看基建项目
传统建筑难于满足现代社会对空间的需求 现代建筑符合需求
点评：
这个题目不讨论传统建筑的坏处
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A 建筑相似 B 传统文化消失 C 不利于民族发展
点评：
传统文化消失为什么影响民族发展？
中国以前的女性还裹足，现在这个文化消失了，但是民族继续发展着。
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全球化促进国家之间的贸易和文化交流，但是也带来一些问题
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全球化促进国家之间的贸易和文化交流，但是也带来一些问题
Globalisation has promoted trade and cultural exchange across the world, but meanwhile, brought about some problems.
The world has become smaller in the era of globalisation:
while international trade and cultural exchange has increased dramatically, we have to address some challenges.
While we embrace more opportunities for international trade and cultural exchange in a globalised world, we have to cope with some challenges of globalisation.
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This is responsible for the sameness of urban buildings throughout the world, and this is a threat to our architectural diversity.
While we embrace more opportunities for international trade and cultural exchange in a globalised world, we have to cope with some challenges of globalisation. The sameness of urban buildings throughout the world is one typical example, and this is a threat to our architectural diversity. （T
城市人口增多，高楼林立才可以容纳人口， 建筑相似
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城市人口增多，高楼林立才可以容纳人口， 建筑相似
解释：
就业机会多，生活更好
举例：
办公楼，购物大楼， 住宅楼
具体化：
钢筋水泥，玻璃和金属
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城市人口增多，高楼林立才可以容纳人口， 建筑相似
解释：
就业机会多，生活更好
举例：
办公楼，购物大楼， 住宅楼
具体化：
钢筋水泥，玻璃和金属
High-rise buildings, skyscrapers, tower blocks
Accommodate a larger population
job opportunities/employment
office buildings, blocks,
shopping complexes,
blocks of flats, apartment buildings, residential buildings
reinforced concrete, glass and metal
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城市人口增多，高楼林立才可以容纳人口， 建筑相似
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Some cities in the world have developed into megacities as a result of globalisation, and skyscrapers have been constructed to accommodate the growing number of city dwellers.
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Many people have moved to these cities, where they can find decent jobs and seize opportunities to become better off.
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High-rise office buildings, shopping complexes and apartment blocks have been built to match the demand, and many of these buildings share similar features, including the use of reinforced concrete as a material, and the reliance on glass and metal on the exterior design.
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Some cities in the world have developed into megacities as a result of globalisation, and skyscrapers have been constructed to accommodate the growing number of city dwellers. Many people have moved to these cities, where they can find decent jobs and seize opportunities to become better off. High-rise office buildings, shopping complexes and apartment blocks have been built to match the demand, and many of these buildings share similar features, including the use of reinforced concrete as a material, and the reliance on glass and metal on the exterior design.
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There is no doubt that. There is no denying that …t
It is apparent that…
It is well known that it is undeniable that…. There is a widely-held belief that …
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There is no doubt that economic growth is achieved at the expense of the environment.
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There is no denying that people cannot find work with a university degree.
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money is a strong motivator, and we have to acknowledge the fact that many people pay attention to the salary when choosing a job. （T）
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Experienced teachers can teach a student to learn English effectively.
Experienced teachers can give a student advice as to how to learn English effectively.
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If people watch advertisements every day, they tend to buy things on impulse. （T）
People who watch advertisements every day tend to buy things on impulse. （T）
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Commuters travel to work by car every day. （T）
\Those people who drive cars every day to work may not be conscious of the environmental cost. （T）
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Young people want to study in a famous university to attend famous scholars’ lectures. （T）
Young people want to study in a famous university, where they acquire knowledge by attending famous scholars’ lectures. （T）
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Money is an important consideration for people. （T）
Money is an important consideration for people, especially in cities where the cost of living is higher. （T）
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A good command of English is important for young people.
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A good command of English is important for young people, especially in multicultural cities where they have to use this language on a daily basis. （T）
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There has been an increase in the number of high-rise buildings.
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There has been an increase in the number of high-rise buildings, including shopping complexes where people can shop and enjoy leisure activities. （T）
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Many people today choose to live in cities, where they can find good jobs. （T）
Many people today choose to live in cities where they can find good jobs. （T）
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A 全球化不断发展 B 西方一些国家的建筑被世界其他地方的建筑师模仿 C 所以人们会感觉环境很像
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A 全球化不断发展 B 西方一些国家的建筑被世界其他地方的建筑师模仿 C 所以人们会感觉环境很像
观点：
高楼大厦认为富裕社会的标志
观点：
留学生在西方学习建筑，建筑师去西方大学开会
观点：
酒店，外企不同国家经营，建类似的建筑
Copy/duplicatewesternarchitecturalstyles
Indicatorofprosperity,symbolofprosperity
Overseasstudents,studentswhostudyabroad
Attendconferences,
Expandoperation…haveoffices…
各个城市都一样，丧失了特有风貌，传统文化和习惯的丢失
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各个城市都一样，丧失了特有风貌，传统文化和习惯的丢失
举例：
四合院，大家庭住在一起， 家庭的感觉
举例：
商业街，集市，购买手工品，农产品
延伸：
没有归属感，游客不能感受不同的文化
升级会员 