八年级上册情态动词专题讲练.docx
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八年级上册情态动词专题讲练
牛津译林八年级上册情态动词专题讲练
一、整体把握共同点
情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的语气、情绪或态度的动词。
例:
Youshouldn'tjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.(表示劝告)。
WouldyoupleasetellmewhereIcanfindhim?
(表示客气)
Iwillnotbelateforclassinthemorninganymore.(表示意愿)
Itmustberainingveryhard.(表示判断)
情态动词有以下几个主要特点:
①情态动词没有人称和数的变化,不能独立作谓语,只能用在行为动词原形前一起构成谓语。
例:
Youcannotwalkthedoginthepark.
②情态动词的否定式是直接在情态动词后加否定词not,疑间式是将情态动词置于句首。
例:
Iwon'tmakethesamemistakeagain.
Canwemeetatthegateofthemuseumthisafternoon?
二、重点突破三个词
can,may,must是情态动词中使用频率最高的,也是用法最灵活的三个词。
1.can,could
①表示能力(如体力和脑力方面),意思是“能,会”等,过去式是could。
例:
Canyoureadthemusic?
Canyoumovethestone?
Noonecouldanswerthequestionlastweek.
can也表示客观可能性,即客观原因形成的能力。
例:
Themeetinghasbeenputoff,sowecangobybusinstead.
Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.
这里有必要提一下beableto,它不是情态动词,但在表示“能力”这个意思上有一些相通之处。
can表示现在,could表示过去,而beableto可用于多种时态。
例:
Hewillbeabletosolvetheproblemswhenhegrowsup.
Frankisill.Hehasn'tbeenabletogotoschoolforaweek.
beableto可以和其他情态动词连用,can/could不可以。
例:
Hemightbeabletofixyourcar.
②表示请求或允许,多用在口语中,意思是“可以,能”等。
用于疑问句中表示用来提出要求,用于否定句中表示不允许。
例:
Canyouhelpmetakethesebookstotheclassroom?
Youcan'tplaybasketballhere.
Canyou...?
“请你……好吗?
”表示说话人的请求;CanI..?
“我可以……吗?
”用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事,也可以在句中或句末加上please显得更有礼貌。
例:
Canyoutellmethewaytothestation,please?
/Canyoupleasetellmethewaytothestation?
表达“请求”时,可以用could,比can语气更委婉。
例:
Couldyouexplainitagain?
例:
MayIaskyouaquestion?
在询问客观上是否可以时,多用can。
例:
Canwegoswimmingthisafternoon?
在两者都可以用时,may显得客气一些。
如:
MayItakethisseat?
比CanItakethisseat?
稍婉转一点。
在陈述句中用can较多。
如:
Youcansithere.
在疑问句中用could或might代替,不表示过去式,只是语气更委婉,但不能用于肯定句和答语中。
例:
---CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?
---Yes,youcan.(No,I'mafraidnot.)
③表示一种可能性推测,多与be动词连用。
例:
Hecanbeathomenow.
Itcan'tberainingnow.
例:
Howcanitbetrue?
Thiscan'tbedonebyhim.
2.may,might
①表示请求和允许。
might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
否定回答时一般用can't,或mustn't,表示“不可以”。
用must语气更强,表示“禁止”。
例:
---Might/MayIsmokehere?
---No,youmustn't.Thisisano-smokingarea.
---May/MightIhavealookatthephotos?
---Yes,youcan.(No,youcan't/mustn't.)可以。
(不行/绝对不行)
用MayI...?
征询对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?
在口语中更常见。
②用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
may置于句首。
例:
Mayyouhaveapleasanttrip!
③表示推测、可能性,不用于疑问句。
用might不表示过去式,而是表示可能性比may小。
例:
Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.
Theymightnotbeabletogethereontime.
3.must
①这是一个没有时态变化的情态动词,表示义务、意图或建议,意思是“必须,必要”。
例:
Everyonemustobeythetrafficrules.
在回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定回答,不能用mustn't(禁止,不准),而用needn't或don'thaveto,意思是“不必”。
例:
---MustIhelphimwithhispainting?
---Yes,youmust./-No,youdon'thaveto/youneedn't
must强调说话人的主观看法,表示有义务必须做某事。
haveto强调的是客观需要。
must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式,而且还有人称变化。
例:
Imustworkhardtomakemydreamcometrue.(主观意愿)
Ihavetostayathomebecauseitistoohot.(客观需要)
Youmustgoshoppingnow.Yourunclewillcometoseeusthisafternoon.
Iwillhavetostartearlytomorrowinordertocatchtheearlybus.
Hehastogohomeearlytoday.
haveto的疑问句和否定句的变化通过助动词来完成。
如:
Youdon'thavetowatertheflowers.
②表示推测,只用于肯定的陈述句。
可以表示确定,也可以表示极大的可能性。
例:
You'reTom'sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.
Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.
Theymustbehungryaftersuchalongwalk.
三、适当留意其他词
1.shall,should
①shall用于第一人称时,表示征求对方的意见。
例:
Shallwediscusstheproblemthisevening?
我们今晚讨论这个问题行吗?
②shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
例:
Youshallcatchacoldifyouswimintheriver.(警告)
Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
should不表示shall的过去式,而是表示“应该”的意思,语气上不如must
例:
Weshouldhelpthosewhoareintrouble.
Youshouldtellthechildrennottoplayinthestreet.
2.wi1l,would
①表示请求、建议等,would不表示过去式,而是表示语气更委婉。
例:
Will/Wouldwakemeupatsix,please?
②表示意志、愿望和决心。
例:
IpromiseIwillnotdodrink-driving.
③would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,和usedto意思相近,但更为正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
例:
Whenitwastoohot,Iwouldgotomountainforvacation.
3.need
①这是一个既可作情态动词,又可作行为动词的词。
作情态动词时,通常用在疑问句、否定句中。
例:
Needhegiveuphisplantomakecars?
Heneedn'ttaketherisk.
要注意的是need不用于肯定句,它的肯定回答要用must。
例:
---NeedIstayhereanylonger?
---No,youneedn't./-Yes,youmust.
②need作行为动同时,可用于疑问句、否定句和肯定句,后接名词、动名词或不定式。
例:
Heneedstomakeadecisionrightnow.
Theflowersneedwatering(=tobewatered).
【例题精讲】
1.—Mustweleavenow?
—No,we_______.Westillhavetwomorehours.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t
2.—Canyourideahorse?
—No.I_______.
A.needn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.mustn't
3.—MissLi,mustwehandinourhomeworkrightnow?
—No,you_______.Youcanhanditintomorrow.
A.don’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot
4.Youeatthesoupifyoudon'tlikeit.
A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.can't
5._____youwaitafewmoreminutes?
It'llbeyourturnsoon,
A.MustB.ShouldC.CouldD.Might
6.—Mayweleavetheclassroomnow?
—No,you______.Youshouldn'tleaveuntilthebellrings.
A.maynotB.can'tC.needn't
7.She_______behere.Isawhercomein.
A.canB.mayC.shouldD.must
8.Ican’tgotothecinemawithyoubecauseI___________stayhereuntilmymothercomesback.
A.canB.couldC.mayD.must
9.InordertospeakEnglishbetter,we______beafraidoflosingface.Becausethemostimportantthingistopractice.Remember,practicemakesperfect.
A.shouldB.shouldn'tC.haveto
10.—Bequiet,MrSmithiscoming.
—Don’tworry.It___behim.MrSmithismuchtaller.
A.mustn’tB.mustC.can’t
【答案】CCCCCBDDBC
【课堂练习】
1.—________Ismokehere?
—No.Youarenotallowedtosmokeinpublicplaces.
A.CouldB.MustC.MayD.Might
2.—Hey,Ted!
You_______neverplayinthestreet.It’snotsafe.—Sorry,Mum.Iwon’tagain.
A.needB.mustC.canD.may
3.—MustIreturnthehooktomorrowmorning?
—No,you______.Youcankeepitlonger.
A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.couldn't
4.—MayIsmokehere,please?
—Iamafraidyou_______.Thisisanon-smokingarea.
A.canB.can’tC.mayD.maynot
5.—MustIreturnthebookthisweek?
—No,you____.Youcan_____itfor20days.
A.mustn't;keepB.needn't;borrowC.needn't;keepD.mustn't;borrow
6.—Lookatthesign!
—Oh,Isee.We_______wastewater.
A.canB.mustC.mustn’tD.needn’t
7.—______Iuseyoureraser,Rose?
—Sure.Hereyouare.
A.MayB.WouldC.NeedD.Must
8.—Congratulations!
You'vegotthefirstprizeintheEnglishContest.
—_____itbetrue?
It'sunbelievable!
A.MayB.ShouldC.MustD.Can
9.You______finishthereporttoday.AnytimebeforeFridayisOK.
A.mustn’tBmustC.needD.needn’t
10.—CouldIuseyoureraserforawhile?
—Yes,ofcourseyou______.
A.couldB.canC.willD.should
【答案】CBCBCCADDB
课堂检测
单项选择
1.Nowadaysyou______loseyourmoneyonspeculatinghouses.
A.willB.wouldC.mustn'tD.can
2.Hehadtogiveupsmokingbecauseofhisillness,______he?
A.didB.didn'tC.doesD.doesn't
3.---MayItakeaseathere?
---Sorry,you______,it`sonlyfortheold.
A.needn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.mustn't
4.Hehurthimselfbadly,he______gotoseeadoctor.
A.canB.mustC.can`tD.would
5.---Someoneiswalkingtowardsmyhouse,who______itbe?
---It______beTom.Heisstillhavinganexamatschoolnow.
A.must,canB.will,can`tC.can`t,canD.can,can't
6.---He______beintheclassroom,Ithink.
---No,he______beintheclassroom.Isawhimgoshoppingjustnow.
A.can;maynotB.must;maynotC.may;can'tD.may;mustn't
7.---MustIreturnthebooksoon?
---No,you______.
A.maynotB.needn'tC.can'tD.mustn`t
8.Doyouknowifhe______playtheguitarbefore.
A.would B.could C.did D.had
9.Let`splaychess,______we?
A.canB.mustC.shallD.hasto
10.Tom,handinyourexercisebooksoon,______you?
A.willB.doC.areD.may
答案:
1-5ABCBD 6-10CBBCA
11.Passengers______smokeonthebus.
A.maynotB.mustn'tC.canD.must
12.Thedisabledmanneedsourhelp,______he?
A.needB.needn'tC.doesn'tD.does
13.You______worryaboutme,mom.Iwillgetwellsoon.
A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.haveto
14.Hehasabadcold,he______gotoseethedoctor.
A.hastoB.doesn'thavetoC.willD.isgoingto
15.You______passtheexamnexttime.
A.canbeabletoB.willbeabletoC.wouldbeabletoD.areableto
答案:
BCAAB
用适当的情态动词填空
1.________ourcountrybestrongerandstronger.
2.Janelookssopale,she________beill.
3.Youlooksoyoung,you________beover40.
4.Thebluecap________beTim`s,hedoesn’tlikeblueatall.
5.Theold________betakengoodcareofbyus.
6.Hesaidthatyou________smokehere.
7.YouaretoostrictwithJim,he________askyouanyquestionsanymore.
8.It`srainingheavilyoutside,we________stayathome.
9.You________failintheexamwithouthardworking.
10.Let`sdiscussthematter,________we?
答案1.May2.must3.couldn`t4.can`t5.should6.might7.daren’t8.haveto9.will10.shall
课后练习
一、单项选择
1.Youhadtotellyourmomthetruth,_____you?
A.haven'tB.didC.didn'tD.hadn't
2.Hehadbetterleavethere,_____he?
A.didn'tB.don'tC.hadn'tD.isn't
3.You'dbetter_____gonow,thebossiscoming.
A.notB.nottoC.won'tD.don't
4._____youliketodrinksomemilk?
A.CouldB.WillC.DoD.Would
5.You_____askyouryoungbrotherformoneyagain.
A.oughttonotB.oughtnottoC.WouldnotD.usedn’tto
6.─Whydidyoupullthegirl?
─Yousee,trafficwassobusythatanything_____happentoheratthatmoment.
A.couldB.shouldC.mayD.must
7.—Whoisthemanoverthere?
IsitMrLi?
—No,it_____behim.MrLihasgonetoAmerica.
A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't
8.Tomakeourcitymorebea