新世纪商务英语综合教程第二册复习资料全.docx
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新世纪商务英语综合教程第二册复习资料全
Unit1
1.Truly,thetonguespokenbackinthe1300sonlybythe"lowpeople"ofEnglandhascomealongway.
Paraphrase:
Indeed,thelanguagespokenasearlyas1300sbythenativepeopleinEnglandhasdevelopedforalongtime
2.ButhoweveraccommodatingEnglishmightbetherealreasonforthelatterdaytriumphofEnglishisthetriumphoftheEnglish-speakingUnitedStatesasaworldpower.
Paraphrase:
Adaptable,asEnglishmightbe,theEnglishowesitssuccesstothevictoryoftheEnglish-speakingUnitedStatesasaworldpower.
3.Asthe20thcenturydrewon,however,andEnglishcontinuedtoencroach,Frenchwasdrivenontothedefensive.
Paraphrase:
Asthe20thcenturywasapproaching,andEnglishkeptonexpandingbeyondlimits,Frenchwasputinacorneredposition,havingtofightforprotection.
4.InIndiasomepeopleseeEnglishasanoppressivelegacyofcolonialismthatshouldbeexterminated.
Paraphrase:
IndiawasonceregardedastheJewelintheCrownoftheBritishEmpire.PeopleinIndiawouldthinktheEnglishlanguageremindsthemoftheperiodofcolonialism,whichshouldbewipedout.
5.ButformanypeoplesthetriumphofEnglishisthedefeat,ifnotoutrightdestruction,oftheirownlanguage.
Paraphrase:
Butformanypeoples,thesuccessorthewidespreadofEnglishmeansthedefeat,perhapsevenacompleteextinction,oftheirownlanguage.
6.ThusthetriumphofEnglishnotonlydestroysthetonguesofothers;italsoisolatesnativeEnglish-speakersfromtheliterature,historyandideasofotherpeoples.
Paraphrase:
Therefore,thesuccessofEnglishnotonlydefeatsotherlanguages,butseparatesnativeEnglishspeakersfromtheliterature,historyandideasofotherethnicgroups.
Unit2
1.SometimesitseemsasifatidalwaveoftheworstWesterncultureiscreepingacrosstheglobelikeagiantstrawberrymilkshakeoozingovertheplanet,withaflavorthatisdistinctlysweet,sicklyandmanifestlyhomogenous
Paraphrase:
SometimestheWesterncultureseemstopermeatethewholeworldlikespiltmilkshake,withastrongsmell,sweetbutobviouslydevoidofdiversity.
2.Productionandconsumptionofculturalgoodsandserviceshavebecomecommodities,alongwiththeessentialsofsociallife（marriageandfamilylife,religion,workandleisure）,thatarethecruciblesofculturalcreation.
Paraphrase:
Culturalcreationisfacinggreatchallengeposedbythecommercializationofculture.
3.Obviously,itwouldbeanexcessiveformofculturalfundamentalismtosuggestthatAfricansshouldtrytokeepeverythingexactlyasitis,ratherthanallowingculturetodevelop.
Paraphrase:
Obviously,itwouldbetooculturallyradicaltosuggestthatAfricansshouldconductrigidadherencetotheircurrentlifeandrefusetoallowculturetodevelop.
4.Justifiedinitiallyasacivilizingmissionandsubsequentlydubbedmodernization,inpracticeitwaswholesaleWesternizationwithverylittleroomforanyviablemiddleground.
Paraphrase:
Inthebeginningitjustifieditselfasacivilizingmissionandlateronithonoreditselfasmodernization.However,infactitwasaprocessofextensiveandcompleteWesternizationwhichleftothercountriesnootherchoice.
5.Sucharadicalunderminingofpeople'sexistingvaluesandcultureshasacorrosiveimpactontheirsenseofwhotheyare,whattheywantandwhattheyrespect.
Paraphrase:
Theseveredamageofpeople'sexistingvaluesandcultureshasadestructiveeffect.Itmakesthosepeopleconfusedaboutwhotheyare,whattheywantandwhattheyrespect.
6.Onemajorreasonisthestructuralchangeintheworldeconomy:
globalizationandthefloodofgoodsdumpedinpoorcountriesthataremarketedbymassseductiveadvertisingwhichisblatantlysuperficialbutnonethelesssuccessfulincreatingfreshdesiresinpeoplesoftraditionalsocieties.
Paraphrase:
Onemajorreasonofthisfastandlarge-scalewesternizationisthechangeofoverallstructureintheworldeconomy.Becauseofglobalization,westerncountriesusemarketingstrategiessuchasadvertisingtocreatefreshdesiresinconsumersfromlessdevelopedcountriesandgetridofproductsbysellingthematalowprice.
7.However,thereisgenuinecauseforconcernabouttherateatwhichcultures（Africanandnon-African）arebeingunderminedinaworldthatisboundtogetherbyever-strongereconomicties.
Paraphrase:
However,peopleindeedhaveareasontoworrythatAfricanandnon-Africanculturesaregraduallyencroachedbywesterncultureduetotheever-growingstronginterdependenceoftradeandbusinessamongcountries.
8.Moreimportantly,colonialismpavedthewayfortoday'sculturalglobalizationbyleavingthecolonizedinastateofculturaldisorientationandconsequentlyvulnerabletocontinuingculturalinvasion.
Paraphrase:
Moreimportantly,colonialismprovidedthenecessaryconditionfortoday'sculturalglobalizationsinceitleftthecolonizedcountriesunabletorecognizeitsownculturalheritage.Asaresult,thesecountriesareeasilysusceptibletolong-lastingculturalinvasion.
Unit3
1.Thetaskofauniversityistoweldtogetherimaginationandexperience.
Paraphrase:
Auniversityshouldaimatjoiningorintegratingimaginationandexperienceoftheteachersandstudentsintoasingle,meaningfulwhole.
2.Weneednotflinchfromtheassertionthatthemainfunctionofsuchaschoolistoproducemenwithagreaterzestforbusiness.
Paraphrase:
Thereisnoshameinclaiming/declaringthatthefunctionofsuchaschoolistoproducebusinesspeoplewithgreatenthusiasm.
3.Itrequiresanimaginativegraspoftheinterlockinginterestsofgreatorganizations,andofthereactionsofthewholecomplextoanychangeinoneofitselements.
Paraphrase:
Todayinordertorunabusinesssuccessfully,onehastodevelopagoodunderstandingoftheadaptationsmadebythelargecorporationasawholetomeetthenewconditionsinoneofitsbranches.
4.Itrequiresthatdisciplineofcharacterwhichcansay"yes"and"no"toothermen,notbyreasonofblindobstinacy,butwithfirmnessderivedfromaconsciousevaluationofrelevantalternatives.
Paraphrase:
Thereisaneedforcharactertrainingsothatwhentheymakedecisions,theyhavedeterminationandstrongbeliefwhichcomefromasoberconsiderationofrelatedchoicesandpossibilities,andtheyarenotgivingconsentornegationsimplyoutofunreasonablestubbornness.
5.Theconductofbusinessnowrequiresintellectualimaginationofthesametypeasthatwhichinformertimeshasmainlypassedintothoseotheroccupations
Paraphrase:
Themanagementofamodernbusinessdemandsitsemployeestoacquirethecapacitytoapplytheirknowledgeimaginatively,whichusedtobetheabilitycultivatedinotherprofessions.
6.Thereisonegreatdifficultywhichhampersallthehighertypesofhumanendeavor.
Paraphrase:
Onegreatdifficultycanrestricthumanbeingsfrommakingprogress,orachievements.
7.Therecanbenocriticismofthecustom,buttheremaybeanunfortunateeffect—prolongedroutineworkdullstheimagination.
Paraphrase:
Thecontinuingusualornormalwayofworkinginacorporationtendstoblunt,orsuffocatetheimaginativepower/maketheimaginationlesssharpandclear.
Unit4
1.Themodernvariationreads:
"Manisbornfreeandiseverywhereinchainstores,"andperfectlysumsupthenegativelightinwhichsupermarketsareseenbythecommunity,environmentaland"smallisbeautiful"camps
Paraphrase:
Themodifiedsentenceinmoderntimesdescribesperfectlythenegativeattitudetowardssupermarketsheldbythepublic,environmentalistsandthosewhoadvocate"smallisbeautiful".
2.AndwhilesupermarketshavebeenaccusedbytheCompetitionCommissionofloss-leadingandsqueezingsuppliers,suchbehaviourisbullishratherthanillegal
Paraphrase:
TheCompetitionCommissionaccusedsupermarketsofadoptinglowpricingtogaincompetitiveedgeandminimizingprofitsofsuppliers,butthesestrategiesareboostingtheirownprofitandarenotillegalcompetitionmeans.
3.Thekeytodeliveringbothlowpricesandhighqualityaswellasthrivingandsustainablecommunitiesistoensurethatretailactivityispresentinallcommunitiesofanysizethatwantit,andforittobepresentinsufficientnumbersfortheretobeadegreeofcompetition.
Paraphrase:
Inordertomakesuregoodsareofhighqualityandaresoldatlowprices,andinordertomaintainawell-developedandsustainablecommunity,theimportantelementistoprovideretailservicestoallthecommunitiesinneed,whetherlargeorsmall.Torealizethis,asufficientnumberofretailshopsshouldbeopensothatthereissomecompetition.
4.Inpoorareas,environmentalimprovementsandsecuritymeasurescanhelpleveltheplayingfieldwithwealthierareas,whileavoidingdirectsubsidytofirms.
Paraphrase:
Inpoorareas,therearemeasurestoimprovetheirenvironmentandsecuritysothattheyaremoreorlessthesameasthewealthierareastoattractcustomers.However,theshopsdonotreceiveanyfundtoaidtheircompetitionwiththoseinwealthierneighbourhoods.
5.Inthepoorestareas,itmaynotbethatpeopledon'tvaluehavingalocalshop,butratherthattheysimplycannotaffordtoignorethelowerpricesavailablethroughashortbusridetoasupermarket.
Paraphrase:
Inthepoorestareas,peopleprefersupermarkettolocalshopnotbecausetheydon'tvaluehavingalocalshop,butbecausetheirfinancialsituationmakesthemchoosethelowerpricesavailablethroughashortbusridetoasupermarket.
6.TescoispromisingbespokeshopfrontsfornewExpressconveniencestoresandtostepupitseffortstoconsultcommunitiesaboutnewoutlets.
Paraphrase:
Tescoispromisingbespo
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