新世纪商务英语综合教程第二册复习资料全.docx

1、新世纪商务英语综合教程第二册复习资料全Unit11. Truly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the low people of England has come a long way.Paraphrase: Indeed, the language spoken as early as 1300s by the native people in England has developed for a long time2. But however accommodating English might be the real re

2、ason for the latter day triumph of English is the triumph of the English-speaking United States as a world power.Paraphrase: Adaptable, as English might be, the English owes its success to the victory of the English-speaking United States as a world power.3. As the 20th century drew on, however, and

3、 English continued to encroach, French was driven on to the defensive.Paraphrase: As the 20th century was approaching, and English kept on expanding beyond limits, French was put in a cornered position, having to fight for protection.4. In India some people see English as an oppressive legacy of col

4、onialism that should be exterminated.Paraphrase: India was once regarded as the Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire. People in India would think the English language reminds them of the period of colonialism, which should be wiped out.5. But for many peoples the triumph of English is the defeat

5、, if not outright destruction, of their own language.Paraphrase: But for many peoples, the success or the wide spread of English means the defeat, perhaps even a complete extinction, of their own language.6. Thus the triumph of English not only destroys the tongues of others; it also isolates native

6、 English-speakers from the literature, history and ideas of other peoples.Paraphrase: Therefore, the success of English not only defeats other languages, but separates native English speakers from the literature, history and ideas of other ethnic groups.Unit21. Sometimes it seems as if a tidal wave

7、of the worst Western culture is creeping across the globe like a giant strawberry milkshake oozing over the planet, with a flavor that is distinctly sweet, sickly and manifestly homogenousParaphrase: Sometimes the Western culture seems to permeate the whole world like spilt milkshake, with a strong

8、smell, sweet but obviously devoid of diversity.2. Production and consumption of cultural goods and services have become commodities, along with the essentials of social life (marriage and family life, religion, work and leisure), that are the crucibles of cultural creation.Paraphrase: Cultural creat

9、ion is facing great challenge posed by the commercialization of culture.3. Obviously, it would be an excessive form of cultural fundamentalism to suggest that Africans should try to keep everything exactly as it is, rather than allowing culture to develop.Paraphrase: Obviously, it would be too cultu

10、rally radical to suggest that Africans should conduct rigid adherence to their current life and refuse to allow culture to develop.4. Justified initially as a civilizing mission and subsequently dubbed modernization, in practice it was wholesale Westernization with very little room for any viable mi

11、ddle ground.Paraphrase: In the beginning it justified itself as a civilizing mission and later on it honored itself as modernization. However, in fact it was a process of extensive and complete Westernization which left other countries no other choice.5. Such a radical undermining of peoples existin

12、g values and cultures has a corrosive impact on their sense of who they are, what they want and what they respect.Paraphrase: The severe damage of peoples existing values and cultures has a destructive effect. It makes those people confused about who they are, what they want and what they respect.6.

13、 One major reason is the structural change in the world economy: globalization and the flood of goods dumped in poor countries that are marketed by mass seductive advertising which is blatantly superficial but nonetheless successful in creating fresh desires in peoples of traditional societies.Parap

14、hrase: One major reason of this fast and large-scale westernization is the change of overall structure in the world economy. Because of globalization, western countries use marketing strategies such as advertising to create fresh desires in consumers from less developed countries and get rid of prod

15、ucts by selling them at a low price.7. However, there is genuine cause for concern about the rate at which cultures (African and non-African) are being undermined in a world that is bound together by ever-stronger economic ties.Paraphrase: However, people indeed have a reason to worry that African a

16、nd non-African cultures are gradually encroached by western culture due to the ever-growing strong interdependence of trade and business among countries.8. More importantly, colonialism paved the way for todays cultural globalization by leaving the colonized in a state of cultural disorientation and

17、 consequently vulnerable to continuing cultural invasion.Paraphrase: More importantly, colonialism provided the necessary condition for todays cultural globalization since it left the colonized countries unable to recognize its own cultural heritage. As a result, these countries are easily susceptib

18、le to long-lasting cultural invasion.Unit31. The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.Paraphrase: A university should aim at joining or integrating imagination and experience of the teachers and students into a single, meaningful whole.2. We need not flinch from the as

19、sertion that the main function of such a school is to produce men with a greater zest for business.Paraphrase: There is no shame in claiming/declaring that the function of such a school is to produce business people with great enthusiasm.3. It requires an imaginative grasp of the interlocking intere

20、sts of great organizations, and of the reactions of the whole complex to any change in one of its elements.Paraphrase: Today in order to run a business successfully, one has to develop a good understanding of the adaptations made by the large corporation as a whole to meet the new conditions in one

21、of its branches.4. It requires that discipline of character which can say yes and no to other men, not by reason of blind obstinacy, but with firmness derived from a conscious evaluation of relevant alternatives.Paraphrase: There is a need for character training so that when they make decisions, the

22、y have determination and strong belief which come from a sober consideration of related choices and possibilities, and they are not giving consent or negation simply out of unreasonable stubbornness.5. The conduct of business now requires intellectual imagination of the same type as that which in fo

23、rmer times has mainly passed into those other occupationsParaphrase: The management of a modern business demands its employees to acquire the capacity to apply their knowledge imaginatively, which used to be the ability cultivated in other professions.6. There is one great difficulty which hampers a

24、ll the higher types of human endeavor.Paraphrase: One great difficulty can restrict human beings from making progress, or achievements.7. There can be no criticism of the custom, but there may be an unfortunate effect prolonged routine work dulls the imagination.Paraphrase: The continuing usual or n

25、ormal way of working in a corporation tends to blunt, or suffocate the imaginative power / make the imagination less sharp and clear.Unit41. The modern variation reads: Man is born free and is everywhere in chain stores, and perfectly sums up the negative light in which supermarkets are seen by the

26、community, environmental and small is beautiful campsParaphrase: The modified sentence in modern times describes perfectly the negative attitude towards supermarkets held by the public, environmentalists and those who advocate small is beautiful.2. And while supermarkets have been accused by the Com

27、petition Commission of loss-leading and squeezing suppliers, such behaviour is bullish rather than illegalParaphrase: The Competition Commission accused supermarkets of adopting low pricing to gain competitive edge and minimizing profits of suppliers, but these strategies are boosting their own prof

28、it and are not illegal competition means.3. The key to delivering both low prices and high quality as well as thriving and sustainable communities is to ensure that retail activity is present in all communities of any size that want it, and for it to be present in sufficient numbers for there to be

29、a degree of competition.Paraphrase: In order to make sure goods are of high quality and are sold at low prices, and in order to maintain a well-developed and sustainable community, the important element is to provide retail services to all the communities in need, whether large or small. To realize

30、this, a sufficient number of retail shops should be open so that there is some competition.4. In poor areas, environmental improvements and security measures can help level the playing field with wealthier areas, while avoiding direct subsidy to firms.Paraphrase: In poor areas, there are measures to

31、 improve their environment and security so that they are more or less the same as the wealthier areas to attract customers. However, the shops do not receive any fund to aid their competition with those in wealthier neighbourhoods.5. In the poorest areas, it may not be that people dont value having

32、a local shop, but rather that they simply cannot afford to ignore the lower prices available through a short bus ride to a supermarket.Paraphrase: In the poorest areas, people prefer supermarket to local shop not because they dont value having a local shop, but because their financial situation makes them choose the lower prices available through a short bus ride to a supermarket.6. Tesco is promising bespoke shop fronts for new Express convenience stores and to step up its efforts to consult communities about new outlets.Paraphrase: Tesco is promising bespo