全新版大学英语第二版综合教程笔记Unit5.docx

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程笔记Unit5.docx

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全新版大学英语第二版综合教程笔记Unit5

Unit5Book1

DetailedReading

I.DifficultSentences

1.HewasaperfectTypeA,aworkaholic,aclassic,theysaidtoeachotherandshooktheirhead—andthoughtforfiveortenminutesaboutthewaytheylived.（Para.2）

2.WhatisaperfectTypeA?

3.（PeopleexhibitingTypeAbehaviourtendtobeimpatientandhighlytime-conscious.Oftenashigh-achievingworkaholics,theyfeelinsecureabouttheirsocialstatusandareextremelycompetitiveandaggressive.）

4.Hewas,however,oneofsixvice-presidents,andoneofthreewhomightconceivably—ifthepresidentdiedorretiredsoonenough—havemovedtothetopspot.（Para.3）

5.Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthesentence?

6.（Hewasoneofthesixvice-presidentsofalargecorporationandoneofthethreepromisingcandidateswhomightsucceedtothepositionofthepresident.）

7.HeworkedliketheImportantPeople.（Para.4）

8.Whatcanyouinferfromthesentence?

9.（Hevoluntarilyworkedovertimebecausealltheexecutivesinthecompanyconsideredthemselvestooimportantagrouptobeallowedtoeaseup.）

10.Hehadnooutside“extracurricularinterests,”unless,ofcourse,youthinkaboutamonthlygolfgamethatway.ToPhil,itwaswork.（Para.4）

11.Forwhatpurposedidheplaygolfmonthly?

12.（Themonthlygolfgameofferedhimagoodopportunitytotalkordobusiness.）

13.Heissurvivedbyhiswife,Helen,forty-eightyearsold,agoodwomanofnoparticularmarketableskills,whoworkedinanofficebeforemarryingandmothering.（Para.7）

14.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

15.（他的遗孀海伦，四十八岁，一个好女人。

但没有什么适合市场需求的技能，结婚生育之前曾在办公室工作。

）

16.Acompanyfriendsaid,“Iknowhowmuchyouwillmisshim.”Andsheanswered,“Ialreadyhave.”（Para.7）

17.WhydidPhil’swifesayso?

18.（Beingaworkaholic,Philspentlittletimeathomebeforehedied.Hiswifehadmissedhimlongbeforehedied.）

19.Theyoungestistwenty,aboy,ahigh-schoolgraduatewhohasspentthelastcoupleofyears,likealotofhisfriends,doingenoughoddjobstostayingrassandfood.（Para.11）

20.WhatdowelearnaboutPhil’syoungestson?

21.（Hisyoungestsonfailedtogoinforacollegeeducationanddidnomorethanoddjobstogetenoughmoneyformarijuanaandfood.）

22.Hewastheonewhotriedtograbathisfather,andtriedtomeanenoughtohimtokeepthemanathome.（Para.11）

23.WhydidPhil’syoungestsontryto“grabathisfather”?

24.（TheworkaholicPhilneverpaidenoughattentiontothegrowthandeducationofhisyoungestson.Hissonlongedforhisloveandcare.）

25.Youcouldhavepickedhimoutinaminutefromalineup.（Para.14）

26.Whatcanyouinferfromthesentence?

27.（Basedontheuseofpolicelineupsfromwhichavictimidentifiesacriminal,thisisusedmetaphoricallytoemphasizehoweasyitistoidentifyPhil.）

28.Sowhenhefinallyworkedhimselftodeath,atprecisely3:

00A.M.Sundaymorning,noonewasreallysurprised.（Para.15）

29.Whydoestheauthorrepeat“finallyandprecisely”threetimesinthepassage?

30.（Thetoneofthisessayisbitterandsarcastic.Itisachievedmainlybythechoiceofwordsandselectionofdetails,whichareotherwiseconsideredunnecessaryfortheoccasion.）

II.Words&Expressions

precisely:

adv.

1.exactly;just

-Planesflydailyoverregularrouteswithtimetableprecisely. 

-Scientistsdonotyetknowpreciselyhowinsectscanproducetheirtoxicdefensivechemicalswithoutpoisoningthemselves.

-Sincehisownideaswereinflux,itisdifficulttoknowpreciselywherehestood.

-每辆卡车装载的用品恰好是每个部队所需要的。

（Everylorryindeedispackedwithpreciselythearticleswhicheachunitwillrequire.）

2.quiteso

-—Soyouthinkitwasamistake?

—Precisely.

acquaintance:

n.

1.arelationshipwithsomeoneyouknow,butwhoisnotaclosefriend

-IhaveanoddingacquaintancewithGerman.

-Ourmereacquaintanceripenedintofriendship.

-我与他素昧平生。

（Ihavenevermadehisacquaintance.）

-Sherecalledthepast,tryingtobringbacktohermemoryincidentsoftheiroldacquaintance.

2.personwhomoneknows（lessintimatelythanafriend）

-Sheisanoldacquaintanceofmysister.

-Hehasawidecircleofacquaintances.

Collocation:

makesb.’sacquaintance结识某人

dropanacquaintance断绝往来

haveacasualacquaintance半生不熟

renewanacquaintance重建友谊

CF:

friend,mate,acquaintance&pal

这些名词都有“朋友”之意。

friend一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。

例如：

-I’veknownherforyears,butshewasneverafriend.（我认识她多年了，但成不了朋友。

）

mate最普通用词，可与其他名词连用，构成如：

classmate，deskmate，schoolmate等词。

既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。

例如：

-Theblackbirdsatonthenestwaitingforthereturnofhermate.（黑鹂在巢中等候其雄鸟归来。

）

acquaintance指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情感的人。

例如：

-Heisanoldacquaintanceofmyfather.（他是我父亲的老相识。

）

pal口语用词，指十分要好的朋友。

例如：

-We’vebeenpalssincechildhood.（我们自儿时就是好朋友。

）

instantly:

adv.atonce;immediately

-Instantlythebloodcreptwarmlyoverherbody.

-Hismanlybeautyandmorethancommongracefulnesswereinstantlythethemeofgeneraladmiration.

-霎那间，迪克意识到他处境危险。

（InstantlyDickawoketotheterrorsofhisposition.）

-Sometimesheinstantlyapprovedaproposalwhoseprospectseemedexceedinglybleak.

workaholic:

n.apersonwholikestoworktoohardorisunabletostopworking

-Hewasalifelongworkaholic,whopainteddawntodusksevendaysaweek.

-InAmerica,itisgenerallybelievedthatbeingaworkaholicisunhealthyandharmful.

-AgroupofJapanesemenhopetoencourageworkaholichusbandstoheadhomeearlyandshowtheirwivessomeappreciation.

N.B.:

词缀–aholic，-holic，-oholic在某些词后面表示“沉溺于，无法摆脱”的意思。

如：

shop-aholic，golf-aholic，tobaccoholic等。

classic:

1.adj.Ofthehighestquality;havingavalueorpositionrecognizedandunquestioned

-ItisveryinterestingforaChinesetoreadanEnglishtranslatedversionoftheChineseclassicnovelTheDreamofRedMansions.

-The7-Elevenchainistheclassicexampleofconveniencestore. 

2.n.

1）writer,artist,book,etc.ofthehighestclass

-CharlesDickensisaclassic.

2）outstandingexampleofitskind

-Mywatchbandisaclassicmadein1960byRobinsons.

-He’shopingthattomorrow’sgamewillbeaclassic.

dayoff:

dayonwhichonedoesnothavetowork

-Onmydayoff,I’llfixthetipsyfence.

-Itfeltlikeabigsickjokewhenthecompanymadeusworkonourdayoff.

-ThereweremanyChineseworkersonadayoff,alllookingcheerfulandhealthy.

-下次休假时，我再来看你。

（I’llcomeovertoseeyouonmynextdayoff.）

conceivably:

adv.imaginably;believably

-Accordingtosomescientists,thediseasecouldconceivablybetransferredtohumans.

-Shebroughtmearaincoatbecauseshethoughtitmightconceivablybeusefultome.

-他的话想来不会是他的原意。

（Hecouldn’tconceivablyhavemeantwhathesaid.）

retire:

v.（causeto）stopworkingatone’sjob,usu.becauseofage（followedbyfrom）

-WorkersinChinacanallgetapensionaftertheyretire.

-Theschoolhadtoemploytheretiredteacherstogiveclasses.

-Hewillretirefromhisjobnextyearandtakethingseasy.

spot:

1.n.

1）smallroundmark;dirtymark

-Whichhasspots,theleopardorthetiger?

-Hetriedtoremovethespotonhissweaterwithsoapandwater.

2）particularplaceorarea

-Formanyyears,Spainwasafavouriteholidayspot.

-Whenthefightstarted,policeandreportersweresoononthespot.

2.vt.

1）pickout;recognize

-Wespottedasuperstarinthecrowd.

-走在街上，我看见了一个老朋友。

（IspottedoneofmyoldfriendswhenIwaswalkingonthestreets.）

2）markwithspots

-Shehastwodogs,ayellowoneandaspottedone.

-Shewaswearingawhitedressspottedwithred.

executive:

1.adj.havingthepowertomakeandcarryoutdecisions,esp.inbusiness

-Hehasbeengivenfullexecutivepower.

-TheUSConstitutionveststheexecutivepowerinthePresident. 

-美国总统是政府的行政首脑。

（ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistheexecutiveheadofthegovernment.）

2.n.personwithadministrativeormanagerialpowers

-She’sanexecutiveinacomputercompany.

-Theexecutivehasbeenmakingdecisionsaboutthefutureofthecompany.

extracurricular:

adj.outsidetheregularcourseofworkorstudiesinschoolorcollege

-Sportsanddramaaretheschool’smostpopularextracurricularactivities.

-Theschoolencouragesstudentstohaverichandcolorfulextracurricularlife.

-Extracurricularactivitiesareanindispensablepartofschoollife.

Collocation:

extracurricularactivities课外活动

extracurricularathletics课外体育活动

extracurricularlife课余生活

extracurricularpastime业余消遣

extracurricularbooks课外书

survive:

v.continuetoliveorexist;livelongerthan;remainaliveafter

-WilltheLunarNewYearsurvivemodernlivingandcompetinginfluences?

-Inordertosurviveanddevelopinthefuture,wemustseizethisrareopportunity.

-这次地震中一家人都幸免于难,真是九死一生。

（Itisanarrowescapethatthewholefamilysurvivetheearthquake.）

CF:

survive,continue,remain&last

这些词都是动词，都含有“继续存在”、“经受住”的意思。

survive可作及物和不及物动词，含有“幸免于难”、“平安度过”之意。

continue为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过程。

remain指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。

last即“持续”、“经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在，或最为普通意义上的时间持续。

Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.Tenofthemsurvivedtheshipwreck.

2.Littleofthebuildingremainedaftertheexplosion.

3.Sheisfondofperfumewiththescentthatlastsalongtime.

4.HecontinuedreadingwhenIspoketohim.

5.Itisbelievedthatusuallywomensurvivemen.

marketable:

adj.suitableforthedemandofthemarket;thatcanbesoldeasily

-Thisnewtypeofcameraisahighlymarketableproduct.

-Collegestudentsshouldstudytomakethemmarketablewhentheyfinallygettheirdegreesordiplomas. 

-Lookingatthecurrenteconomicgloom,Ievenre