最新联合国海洋法公约英文版.docx

最新联合国海洋法公约英文版.docx

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最新联合国海洋法公约英文版

UnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSeaof10December1982

PREAMBLE

TheStatesPartiestothisConvention,

Promptedbythedesiretosettle,inaspiritofmutualunderstandingandcooperation,allissuesrelatingtothelawoftheseaandawareofthehistoricsignificanceofthisConventionasanimportantcontributiontothemaintenanceofpeace,justiceandprogressforallpeoplesoftheworld,

NotingthatdevelopmentssincetheUnitedNationsConferencesontheLawoftheSeaheldatGenevain1958and1960haveaccentuatedtheneedforanewandgenerallyacceptableConventiononthelawofthesea,

Consciousthattheproblemsofoceanspacearecloselyinterrelatedandneedtobeconsideredasawhole,

RecognizingthedesirabilityofestablishingthroughthisConvention,withdueregardforthesovereigntyofallStates,alegalorderfortheseasandoceanswhichwillfacilitateinternationalcommunication,andwillpromotethepeacefulusesoftheseasandoceans,theequitableandefficientutilizationoftheirresources,theconservationoftheirlivingresources,andthestudy,protectionandpreservationofthemarineenvironment,

Bearinginmindthattheachievementofthesegoalswillcontributetotherealizationofajustandequitableinternationaleconomicorderwhichtakesintoaccounttheinterestsandneedsofmankindasawholeand,inparticular,thespecialinterestsandneedsofdevelopingcountries,whethercoastalorland-locked,

DesiringbythisConventiontodeveloptheprinciplesembodiedinresolution2749（XXV）of17 December1970inwhichtheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationssolemnlydeclaredinter aliathattheareaoftheseabedandoceanfloorandthesubsoilthereof,beyondthelimitsofnationaljurisdiction,aswellasitsresources,arethecommonheritageofmankind,theexplorationandexploitationofwhichshallbecarriedoutforthebenefitofmankindasawhole,irrespectiveofthegeographicallocationofStates,

BelievingthatthecodificationandprogressivedevelopmentofthelawoftheseaachievedinthisConventionwillcontributetothestrengtheningofpeace,security,cooperationandfriendlyrelationsamongallnationsinconformitywiththeprinciplesofjusticeandequalrightsandwillpromotetheeconomicandsocialadvancementofallpeoplesoftheworld,inaccordancewiththePurposesandPrinciplesoftheUnitedNationsassetforthintheCharter,

AffirmingthatmattersnotregulatedbythisConventioncontinuetobegovernedbytherulesandprinciplesofgeneralinternationallaw,

Haveagreedasfollows:

PARTI

INTRODUCTION

Article1

Useoftermsandscope

1.ForthepurposesofthisConvention:

（1）"Area"meanstheseabedandoceanfloorandsubsoilthereof,beyondthelimitsofnationaljurisdiction;

（2）"Authority"meanstheInternationalSeabedAuthority;

（3）"activitiesintheArea"meansallactivitiesofexplorationfor,andexploitationof,theresourcesoftheArea;

（4）"pollutionofthemarineenvironment"meanstheintroductionbyman,directlyorindirectly,ofsubstancesorenergyintothemarineenvironment,includingestuaries,whichresultsorislikelytoresultinsuchdeleteriouseffectsasharmtolivingresourcesandmarinelife,hazardstohumanhealth,hindrancetomarineactivities,includingfishingandotherlegitimateusesofthesea,impairmentofqualityforuseofseawaterandreductionofamenities;

（5）（a）"dumping"means:

（i）anydeliberatedisposalofwastesorothermatterfromvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea;

（ii）anydeliberatedisposalofvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea;

（b）"dumping"doesnotinclude:

（i）thedisposalofwastesorothermatterincidentalto,orderivedfromthenormaloperationsofvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatseaandtheirequipment,otherthanwastesorothermattertransportedbyortovessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea,operatingforthepurposeofdisposalofsuchmatterorderivedfromthetreatmentofsuchwastesorothermatteronsuchvessels,aircraft,platformsorstructures;

（ii）placementofmatterforapurposeotherthanthemeredisposalthereof,providedthatsuchplacementisnotcontrarytotheaimsofthisConvention.

2.

（1）"StatesParties"meansStateswhichhaveconsentedtobeboundbythisConventionandforwhichthisConventionisinforce.

（2）ThisConventionappliesmutatis mutandistotheentitiesreferredtoinarticle 305,paragraph l（b）,（c）,（d）,（e）and （f）,whichbecomePartiestothisConventioninaccordancewiththeconditionsrelevanttoeach,andtothatextent"StatesParties"referstothoseentities.

PARTII

TERRITORIALSEAANDCONTIGUOUSZONE

SECTION1.GENERALPROVISIONS

Article2

Legalstatusoftheterritorialsea,oftheairspace

overtheterritorialseaandofitsbedandsubsoil

1.ThesovereigntyofacoastalStateextends,beyonditslandterritoryandinternalwatersand,inthecaseofanarchipelagicState,itsarchipelagicwaters,toanadjacentbeltofsea,describedastheterritorialsea.

2.Thissovereigntyextendstotheairspaceovertheterritorialseaaswellastoitsbedandsubsoil.

3.ThesovereigntyovertheterritorialseaisexercisedsubjecttothisConventionandtootherrulesofinternationallaw.

SECTION2.LIMITSOFTHETERRITORIALSEA

Article3

Breadthoftheterritorialsea

EveryStatehastherighttoestablishthebreadthofitsterritorialseauptoalimitnotexceeding12 nauticalmiles,measuredfrombaselinesdeterminedinaccordancewiththisConvention.

Article4

Outerlimitoftheterritorialsea

Theouterlimitoftheterritorialseaisthelineeverypointofwhichisatadistancefromthenearestpointofthebaselineequaltothebreadthoftheterritorialsea.

Article5

Normalbaseline

ExceptwhereotherwiseprovidedinthisConvention,thenormalbaselineformeasuringthebreadthoftheterritorialseaisthelow-waterlinealongthecoastasmarkedonlarge-scalechartsofficiallyrecognizedbythecoastalState.

Article6

Reefs

Inthecaseofislandssituatedonatollsorofislandshavingfringingreefs,thebaselineformeasuringthebreadthoftheterritorialseaistheseawardlow-waterlineofthereef,asshownbytheappropriatesymbolonchartsofficiallyrecognizedbythecoastalState.

Article7

Straightbaselines

1.Inlocalitieswherethecoastlineisdeeplyindentedandcutinto,orifthereisafringeofislandsalongthecoastinitsimmediatevicinity,themethodofstraightbaselinesjoiningappropriatepointsmaybeemployedindrawingthebaselinefromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasured.

2.Wherebecauseofthepresenceofadeltaandothernaturalconditionsthecoastlineishighlyunstable,theappropriatepointsmaybeselectedalongthefurthestseawardextentofthelow-waterlineand,notwithstandingsubsequentregressionofthelow-waterline,thestraightbaselinesshallremaineffectiveuntilchangedbythecoastalStateinaccordancewiththisConvention.

3.Thedrawingofstraightbaselinesmustnotdeparttoanyappreciableextentfromthegeneraldirectionofthecoast,andtheseaareaslyingwithinthelinesmustbesufficientlycloselylinkedtothelanddomaintobesubjecttotheregimeofinternalwaters.

4.Straightbaselinesshallnotbedrawntoandfromlow-tideelevations,unlesslighthousesorsimilarinstallationswhicharepermanentlyabovesealevelhavebeenbuiltonthemorexceptininstanceswherethedrawingofbaselinestoandfromsuchelevationshasreceivedgeneralinternationalrecognition.

5.Wherethemethodofstraightbaselinesisapplicableunderparagraph 1,accountmaybetaken,indeterminingparticularbaselines,ofeconomicinterestspeculiartotheregionconcerned,therealityandtheimportanceofwhichareclearlyevidencedbylongusage.

6.ThesystemofstraightbaselinesmaynotbeappliedbyaStateinsuchamannerastocutofftheterritorialseaofanotherStatefromthehighseasoranexclusiveeconomiczone.

Article8

Internalwaters

1.ExceptasprovidedinPart IV,watersonthelandwardsideofthebaselineoftheterritorialseaformpartoftheinternalwatersoftheState.

2.Wheretheestablishmentofastraightbaselineinaccordancewiththemethodsetforthinarticle 7hastheeffectofenclosingasinternalwatersareaswhichhadnotpreviouslybeenconsideredassuch,arightofinnocentpassageasprovidedinthisConventionshallexistinthosewaters.

Article9

Mouthsofrivers

Ifariverflowsdirectlyintothesea,thebaselineshallbeastraightlineacrossthemouthoftheriverbetweenpointsonthelow-waterlineofitsbanks.

Article10

Bays

1.ThisarticlerelatesonlytobaysthecoastsofwhichbelongtoasingleState.

2.ForthepurposesofthisConvention,abayisawell-markedindentationwhosepenetrationisinsuchproportiontothewidthofitsmouthastocontainland-lockedwatersandconstitutemorethanamerecurvatureofthecoast.Anindentationshallnot,however,beregardedasabayunlessitsareaisaslargeas,orlargerthan,thatofthesemi-circlewhosediameterisalinedrawnacrossthemouthofthatindentation.

3.Forthepurposeofmeasurement,theareaofanindentationisthatlyingbetweenthelow-watermarkaroundtheshoreoftheindentationandalinejoiningthelow-watermarkofitsnaturalentrancepoints.Where,becauseofthepresenceofislands,anindentationhasmorethanonemouth,thesemi-circleshallbedrawnonalineaslongasthesumtotalofthelengthsofthelinesacrossthedifferentmouths.Islandswithinanindentationshallbeincludedasifthe