法语动词变位.docx
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法语动词变位
法语动词变位（Frenchverbmodification）
直陈式现在时presentindicative
变位方法.
第一组动词（通常为.）:
参见love
注意一些第一组动词由于发音需要,在变位时会有所变化.
以-outside,eter结尾的第一组动词,如appeler,throw,在单数所有人称,以及复数第三人称的变位中,词尾字母变为"he","tt".
以（,ger结尾的第一组动词,如commencer,eat,在复数第一人称时词尾应改为?
ons,conduct.
以-yesterday,oyer,uyer结尾的第一组动词,如essayer,send在单数所有人称,以及复数第三人称的变位中,词尾字母由y变为ibore.
第二组动词（通常为ir）参见finish
例外:
goout,run,open,go,sleep等
第三组动词:
不规则变化.
直陈式复合过去时用于表示过去已经完成的动作或某一已经完成的动作是发生在多少时间内的（indicativetense）.
ex:
he'sout.
heworkedthewholeafternoon.
变位方法.
由助动词avoir或être的直陈式现在时加上动词的过去分词.
当使用être作为助动词时,注意与主语进行性数配合areparties.
提示.
对于"必须"或者"可以"用être作为助动词的单词,《法语助手》会在该动词的"变位说明"加以说明,未说明的动词只能使用avoir作为助动词.
下列常用动词使用être作为助动词.
go,come,come,comeout.
下列常用动词可以使用avoir或être作为助动词,但表达的意义不同.
go,go,go,go
直陈式未完成过去时主要用于表示过去未完成的动作（indicativeimperfect）.
变位方法:
将该动词现在时第一人称复数的词尾ons去除,添加相应的词尾.
ihave
doyouhave
he/shehas
theion
youlikely
theyshouldhave
例外:
être不符合上面的规则.
直陈式俞过去时（indicativepastperfect）表示某个动作在另一个过去的动作开始之前已经完成,常用于复合句.
wheniarrived,hehadfinishedhiswork.
与简单将来时配合用于si引导的条件从句.
ifihadmoney,iwouldhaveboughtthathouse.
变位方法.
由助动词avoir或être的未完成过去时加上动词的过去分词.
当使用être作为助动词时,注意与主语进行性数配合.
提示.
对于"必须"或者"可以"用être作为助动词的单词,《法语助手》会在该动词的"变位说明"加以说明,未说明的动词只能使用avoir作为助动词.
下列常用动词使用être作为助动词.
go,come,come,comeout.
下列常用动词可以使用avoir或être作为助动词,但表达的意义不同.
go,go,go,go
直陈式简单过去时表示在过去某一确定时间内已经完成的动作（indicativepasttense）.
变位方法.
除去某些特殊情况外,在动词词根后加上以下词尾.
第一组动词.
ihave
doyouhave
he/shehas
oursouls
yousaid
theydoshowsome
第二组动词.
whatis
whatis
he/she/it
we-?
my
doyoudo?
your
theywentto.
第三组动词.
i-us
youus
he/shemay
we-?
my
doyoudo?
your
they-people
下列单词的变位较特殊.
here,,,
直陈式先过去时（indicativepast表示发生在另一过去动作之前的动作,但两个动作之间距离较近prior）.
变位方法.
由助动词avoir或être的简单过去时加上动词的过去分词.
当使用être作为助动词时,注意与主语进行性数配合.
提示.
对于"必须"或者"可以"用être作为助动词的单词,《法语助手》会在该动词的"变位说明"加以说明.
Unspecifiedverbscanonlyuseavoirasaverb.
TheuseofTREasthecommonverbverb:
Aller,sortir,arriver,venir,entrer
Thefollowingverbscanuseavoirortreastheauxiliaryverb,butdifferentmeaning.
Sortir,rentrer,descendre,monter
Indicatiffuturesimple（IndicatifFutureSimple）saidtheactionorstatewilloccur
Displacementmethod:
First,secondgroupsofverbs:
intheinfinitiveafteraddingthesuffix:
JE-ai
Tu-as
Il/elle-a
Nous-ons
Vous-ez
Ils/elles-ont
Inthirdgroupsof-reattheendofthefirsttogetridoftheverbsuffix-eplusthesuffix.
Payattentiontothespecialchangesinthefollowingwords:
Theavoir,tre,Aller,faire,courir,voir,pouvoir...
L'indicatiffirstfuture（IndicatifAntFuturerieur）saidanotherfutureactionfirststepcompletedactions.
Displacementmethod:
Thefuturesimpleverbavoirortrewiththepastparticipleoftheverb.
Whenusingthetreasaverb,withtheattentionandthesubjectofthenumberof.
Prompt：
The"must"or"can"usethetreastheauxiliaryword"assistant"intheFrenchverb"change"toillustrate,unspecifiedverbscanonlyuseavoirasaverb.
TheuseofTREasthecommonverbverb:
Aller,sortir,arriver,venir,entrer
Thefollowingverbscanuseavoirortreastheauxiliaryverb,butdifferentmeaning.
Sortir,rentrer,descendre,monter
NowwhentheSubjonctifvirtualPrsent
Amethodforthefirstgroupandthesecondgroupofverbs,removethenarrativenowwhenthethirdpersonpluralsuffixsuffix-ent,addthefollowing:
JE-e
Tu-es
Il/elle-e
Nous-ions
Vous-iez
Ils/elle-ent
VirtualSubjonctifpastPass
Amethodbyvirtualauxiliaryavoirortreplusthepastparticipleoftheverb.
Whenusingthetreasaverb,withtheattentionandthesubjectofthenumberof.
Prompt：
The"must"or"can"usethetreastheauxiliaryword"assistant"intheFrenchverb"change"toillustrate,unspecifiedverbscanonlyuseavoirasaverb.
TheuseofTREasthecommonverbverb:
Aller,sortir,arriver,venir,entrer
Thefollowingverbscanuseavoirortreastheauxiliaryverb,butdifferentmeaning.
Sortir,rentrer,descendre,monter
VirtualincompletelasttenseSubjonctifImparfait
AmethodbydirectChensimplepasttensesecondpersonsingularsuffixremoved（"I"or"s"）,addthefollowingsuffixform
JE-sse
Tu-sses
Il/elle-t?
Nous-ssions
Vous-ssiez
Ils/elles-ssent
Hint:
thesubjunctivetenseofthesecondverbsandthevirtualtense,thelasttense,thethirdperson,thesingular,andtherestarethesame.
VirtualYupastSubjonctifPlus-que-parfait
Amethodbyvirtualauxiliaryavoirortredidnotcompletethepastandthepastparticipleoftheverb.
Whenusingthetreasaverb,withtheattentionandthesubjectofthenumberof.
Prompt：
The"must"or"can"usethetreastheauxiliaryword"assistant"intheFrenchverb"change"toillustrate,unspecifiedverbscanonlyuseavoirasaverb.
TheuseofTREasthecommonverbverb:
Aller,sortir,arriver,venir,entrer
Thefollowingverbscanuseavoirortreastheauxiliaryverb,butdifferentmeaning.
Sortir,rentrer,descendre,monter
Nowwhentheconditions（ConditionnelPrsent）tonemildlydesire,requestsforsaidindependentsentence,compoundsentencethatmayoccurforanassumedconditions,forexample:
Sij'taisvous,JEferaisautrement.
Displacementmethod:
Thefutureconsistsofsimplerootandthesuffix:
JE-ais
Tu-ais
Il/elle-ait
Nous-ions
Vous-iez
Ils/elles-aient
Conditionaltense（ConditionnelPass）
Amethodconsistsofaverbavoiror'tre'conditionalnowwiththepastparticipleoftheverb.
Whenusingthetreasaverb,withtheattentionandthesubjectofthenumberof.
Prompt：
The"must"or"can"usethetreastheauxiliaryword"assistant"intheFrenchverb"change"toillustrate,unspecifiedverbscanonlyuseavoirasaverb.
TheuseofTREasthecommonverbverb:
Aller,sortir,arriver,venir,entrer
Thefollowingverbscanuseavoirortreastheauxiliaryverb,butdifferentmeaning.
Sortir,rentrer,descendre,monter
Commandnow（ImperatifPresent）expressioncommands,prohibitionofsubjectiveattitude.
Amethod:
commandonlythefirstpersonsingularandsecondpersonsingularandpluralformsofthreekindsofdisplacement,displacementinnarrativeformusuallypresentthesame.
Note:
forthefirstsetofverbsand-erendingverbs,thesecondpersonsingularimperativeneedtoremovethesuffix-s:
forexampleParler-Tuparles-parle!
Command（ImperatifPassepast）
Methods:
acommandonlypastfirstpersonsingularandsecondpersonsingularandpluralformsofthreekindsofdisplacement,composedoftheauxiliaryverbavoirorthetrecommandnowwiththepastparticipleoftheverb.
Whenusingthetreasaverb,withtheattentionandthesubjectofthenumberof.-
Prompt：
The"must"or"can"usethetreastheauxiliaryword"assistant"intheFrenchverb"change"toillustrate,unspecifiedverbscanonlyuseavoirasaverb.
TheuseofTREasthecommonverbverb:
Aller,sortir,arriver,venir,entrer
Thefollowingverbscanuseavoirortreastheauxiliaryverb,butdifferentmeaning.
Sortir,rentrer,descendre,monter
Thefirstsetofrulesintotheverb-er-e
Thesecondregularverb"-ir"becomes"-i"
Thethirdgroupofirregularverbsbecomes-u-I-is-S
Infinitive
Pastparticiple
Suffix
Avoir
EU
Thetre
Et
Attendre
Attendu
U
Boire
Bu
Conna?
Tre?
Connu
Vouloir
Voulu
Falloir
Fallu
Venir
Venu
Lire
Lu
Savoir
Su
Voir
Vu
Devoir
Du
Pouvoir
Pu
Pleuvoir
Plu
Sortir
Sorti
I
Sentir
Senti
Suivre
Suivi
Accueillir
Accueilli
Mettre
MIS
Is
Prendre
Pris
Apprendre
Appris
Comprendre
Compris
Dire
DIT
T
Faire
Fait
Crire
Crit
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