法语动词变位.docx

1、法语动词变位法语动词变位（French verb modification）直陈式现在时 present indicative变位方法.第一组动词 (通常为.): 参见 love注意一些第一组动词由于发音需要, 在变位时会有所变化.以 - outside, eter结尾的第一组动词, 如appeler, throw, 在单数所有人称, 以及复数第三人称的变位中, 词尾字母变为 he, tt.以 (, ger结尾的第一组动词, 如commencer, eat, 在复数第一人称时词尾应改为? ons, conduct.以 - yesterday, oyer, uyer结尾的第一组动词, 如essa

2、yer, send 在单数所有人称, 以及复数第三人称的变位中, 词尾字母由y变为i bore.第二组动词 (通常为 ir) 参见 finish例外: go out, run, open, go, sleep 等第三组动词: 不规则变化.直陈式复合过去时 用于表示过去已经完成的动作或某一已经完成的动作是发生在多少时间内的 (indicative tense).ex:hes out.he worked the whole afternoon.变位方法.由助动词avoir或tre的直陈式现在时加上动词的过去分词.当使用 tre作为助动词时, 注意与主语进行性数配合 are parties.提示.对

3、于 必须 或者 可以 用tre作为助动词的单词, 法语助手会在该动词的 变位说明 加以说明, 未说明的动词只能使用avoir作为助动词.下列常用动词使用tre作为助动词.go, come, come, come out.下列常用动词可以使用avoir或tre作为助动词, 但表达的意义不同.go, go, go, go直陈式未完成过去时 主要用于表示过去未完成的动作 (indicative imperfect).变位方法: 将该动词现在时第一人称复数的词尾 ons 去除, 添加相应的词尾.i havedo you havehe / she hasthe ionyou likelythey sho

4、uld have例外: tre不符合上面的规则.直陈式俞过去时 (indicative past perfect) 表示某个动作在另一个过去的动作开始之前已经完成, 常用于复合句.when i arrived, he had finished his work.与简单将来时配合用于si引导的条件从句.if i had money, i would have bought that house.变位方法.由助动词avoir或tre的未完成过去时加上动词的过去分词.当使用 tre作为助动词时, 注意与主语进行性数配合.提示.对于 必须 或者 可以 用tre作为助动词的单词, 法语助手会在该动词的

5、变位说明 加以说明, 未说明的动词只能使用avoir作为助动词.下列常用动词使用tre作为助动词.go, come, come, come out.下列常用动词可以使用avoir或tre作为助动词, 但表达的意义不同.go, go, go, go直陈式简单过去时 表示在过去某一确定时间内已经完成的动作 (indicative past tense).变位方法.除去某些特殊情况外, 在动词词根后加上以下词尾.第一组动词.i havedo you havehe / she hasour soulsyou saidthey do show some第二组动词.what iswhat ishe / s

6、he / itwe -? mydo you do? yourthey went to.第三组动词.i - usyou ushe / she maywe -? mydo you do? yourthey - people下列单词的变位较特殊.here,直陈式先过去时 (indicative past 表示发生在另一过去动作之前的动作, 但两个动作之间距离较近 prior).变位方法.由助动词avoir或tre的简单过去时加上动词的过去分词.当使用 tre作为助动词时, 注意与主语进行性数配合.提示.对于 必须 或者 可以 用tre作为助动词的单词, 法语助手会在该动词的 变位说明 加以说明.Un

7、specified verbs can only use avoir as a verb.The use of TRE as the common verb verb:Aller, sortir, arriver, venir, entrerThe following verbs can use avoir or tre as the auxiliary verb, but different meaning.Sortir, rentrer, descendre, monterIndicatif future simple (Indicatif Future Simple) said the

8、action or state will occurDisplacement method:First, second groups of verbs: in the infinitive after adding the suffix:JE -aiTu -asIl/elle -aNous -onsVous -ezIls/elles -ontIn third groups of -re at the end of the first to get rid of the verb suffix -e plus the suffix.Pay attention to the special cha

9、nges in the following words:The avoir, tre, Aller, faire, courir, voir, pouvoir.Lindicatif first future (Indicatif Ant Future rieur) said another future action first step completed actions.Displacement method:The future simple verb avoir or tre with the past participle of the verb.When using the tre

10、 as a verb, with the attention and the subject of the number of.Prompt：The must or can use the tre as the auxiliary word assistant in the French verb change to illustrate, unspecified verbs can only use avoir as a verb.The use of TRE as the common verb verb:Aller, sortir, arriver, venir, entrerThe f

11、ollowing verbs can use avoir or tre as the auxiliary verb, but different meaning.Sortir, rentrer, descendre, monterNow when the Subjonctif virtual Pr sentA method for the first group and the second group of verbs, remove the narrative now when the third person plural suffix suffix -ent, add the foll

12、owing:JE -eTu -esIl/elle -eNous -ionsVous -iezIls/elle -entVirtual Subjonctif past PassA method by virtual auxiliary avoir or tre plus the past participle of the verb.When using the tre as a verb, with the attention and the subject of the number of.Prompt：The must or can use the tre as the auxiliary

13、 word assistant in the French verb change to illustrate, unspecified verbs can only use avoir as a verb.The use of TRE as the common verb verb:Aller, sortir, arriver, venir, entrerThe following verbs can use avoir or tre as the auxiliary verb, but different meaning.Sortir, rentrer, descendre, monter

14、Virtual incomplete last tense Subjonctif ImparfaitA method by direct Chen simple past tense second person singular suffix removed (I or s), add the following suffix formJE -sseTu -ssesIl/elle - t?Nous -ssionsVous -ssiezIls/elles -ssentHint: the subjunctive tense of the second verbs and the virtual t

15、ense, the last tense, the third person, the singular, and the rest are the same.Virtual Yu past Subjonctif Plus-que-parfaitA method by virtual auxiliary avoir or tre did not complete the past and the past participle of the verb.When using the tre as a verb, with the attention and the subject of the

16、number of.Prompt：The must or can use the tre as the auxiliary word assistant in the French verb change to illustrate, unspecified verbs can only use avoir as a verb.The use of TRE as the common verb verb:Aller, sortir, arriver, venir, entrerThe following verbs can use avoir or tre as the auxiliary v

17、erb, but different meaning.Sortir, rentrer, descendre, monterNow when the conditions (Conditionnel Pr sent) tone mildly desire, requests for said independent sentence, compound sentence that may occur for an assumed conditions, for example: Si jtais vous, JE ferais autrement.Displacement method:The

18、future consists of simple root and the suffix:JE -aisTu -aisIl/elle -aitNous -ionsVous -iezIls/elles -aientConditional tense (Conditionnel Pass)A method consists of a verb avoir or tre conditional now with the past participle of the verb.When using the tre as a verb, with the attention and the subje

19、ct of the number of.Prompt：The must or can use the tre as the auxiliary word assistant in the French verb change to illustrate, unspecified verbs can only use avoir as a verb.The use of TRE as the common verb verb:Aller, sortir, arriver, venir, entrerThe following verbs can use avoir or tre as the a

20、uxiliary verb, but different meaning.Sortir, rentrer, descendre, monterCommand now (Imp e ratif Pr e sent) expression commands, prohibition of subjective attitude.A method: command only the first person singular and second person singular and plural forms of three kinds of displacement, displacement

21、 in narrative form usually present the same.Note: for the first set of verbs and -er ending verbs, the second person singular imperative need to remove the suffix -s: for example Parler - Tu parles - parle!Command (Imp e ratif Pass e past)Methods: a command only past first person singular and second

22、 person singular and plural forms of three kinds of displacement, composed of the auxiliary verb avoir or the tre command now with the past participle of the verb.When using the tre as a verb, with the attention and the subject of the number of. -Prompt：The must or can use the tre as the auxiliary w

23、ord assistant in the French verb change to illustrate, unspecified verbs can only use avoir as a verb.The use of TRE as the common verb verb:Aller, sortir, arriver, venir, entrerThe following verbs can use avoir or tre as the auxiliary verb, but different meaning.Sortir, rentrer, descendre, monterTh

24、e first set of rules into the verb -er - eThe second regular verb -ir becomes -iThe third group of irregular verbs becomes -u - I - is - SInfinitivePast participleSuffixAvoirEUThe treE tAttendreAttenduUBoireBuConna? Tre?ConnuVouloirVouluFalloirFalluVenirVenuLireLuSavoirSuVoirVuDevoirDuPouvoirPuPleuvoirPluSortirSortiISentirSentiSuivreSuiviAccueillirAccueilliMettreMISIsPrendrePrisApprendreApprisComprendreComprisDireDITTFaireFaitCrireCrit