届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练细节理解二.docx

届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练细节理解二.docx

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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练细节理解二

阅读理解-细节理解

（二）

A

（2018·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测）

Beesplayavitalroleintheworld.Unfortunately，beesaredyingbythesecond.

Themainpurposeofbeesistomakehoney.Honey,shockingly，doesnotexistforhumanconsumption；itisessentialtotheinsects.Honeybeesstorehoneyintheirhives（蜂箱）inorderforthebeestohaveenergyfortheirflightmusclesandforheatingthehivesduringthewinterperiod.Theycollectpollen（花粉）whichsuppliesproteinforyoungbeestogrow.

AccordingtoNationalHoneyBoard，theincreasedproductionandqualityofagriculturalcropsasaresultofhoneybeepollinationarevaluedatmorethan$14.6billionperyear.Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday，includingapples，grapes，coffee,beans，andbroccoli.

Soiftheyaresovaluabletoagriculture，whydotheykeepdyingoff？

Akeysuspectseemstobepesticides（农药）．Honeybeeswhoareexposedtopesticidesresultinthedamagetotheirneurological（神经系统的）functions,specificallymemoryorbehavior.Andthat'swhythemajorityofworkerbeesdisappearandleavebehindaqueen，plentyoffoodandafewnursebeestocarefortheremainingimmaturebeesandthequeen.Thereareseveralothercausesofthedeclineofbees，includingthedestructionofnaturalhabitats，likewoodlands，forests，andotherhabitatsforbees.Climatechangeisalsoafactorinthedeclineofthewildbeepopulation.

Actually，thereareavarietyofmethodstohelpthebeepopulationgrow.Onewayistostartyourownorganicgardenbyplantingbeefriendlyplants.Pesticidesareusedinbothindustrialpracticesandeveninyourhome，soitisbesttofindorganicseedsandweedkillers.

1．Whydohoneybeesstorehoneyintheirhives?

A．Toprovideenoughhoneyforhumanstoconsume.

B．Todrawproteinoutofhoneyforyoungbees.

C．Tohelpattractotherinsectsandmakehivesstronger.

D．Tostrengthenbeemusclesandheathivesinwinter.

2．Applesandbeansarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshowthat________.

A．beessupplyhumanbeingswithbasicfood

B．beesmainlyliveontheseagriculturalcrops

C．beesareofgreatimportancetofruitsandvegetables

D．beescanbringinmoremoneyforfarmerseveryyear

3．Whatismostlikelytocausetheworkerbeestoleavetheirhivesbehind?

A．Thelackoffood.

B．Theabuseofpesticides.

C．Thefightingamongbees.

D．Thedestructionofthehabitats.

4．Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?

A．Anotherwaytosavebees.

B．Othertipsforchoosingseeds.

C．Moremethodstoplantgreenorganicfruits.

D．Causesofthedeclineinthewildbeepopulation.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用，但是由于农药的滥用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。

本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。

【难句分析】Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday，includingapples，grapes，coffee，beans,andbroccoli.

分析：

本句为主从复合句，句中weeattoday为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词thefruitsandvegetables。

译文：

这些昆虫对我们如今所食用的超过70种的水果和蔬菜负责，包括苹果、葡萄、咖啡、豆类和西兰花。

1．D　考查细节理解。

根据第二段的第三句“Honeybeesstorehoneyintheirhives（蜂箱）inorderforthebeestohaveenergyfortheirflightmusclesandforheatingthehivesduringthewinterperiod”可知，蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量，在冬天为蜂箱加热，故D项正确。

2．C　考查细节理解。

根据第三段的“Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday，includingapples，grapes，coffee，beans，andbroccoli”可知，该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C项正确。

3．B　考查细节理解。

根据第四段的“Honeybeeswhoareexposedtopesticides...Andthat'swhythemajorityofworkerbeesdisappear”可知，农药的滥用导致了工蜂离开蜂箱，故B项正确。

4．A　考查推理判断。

根据第五段的第一、二句“Actually，thereareavarietyofmethodstohelpthebeepopulationgrow.Onewayistostartyourownorganicgardenbyplantingbeefriendlyplants”可知，该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一：

种植对蜜蜂无害的植物。

据此可以推断，下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法，故A项正确。

B

（2017·福建泉州检测）Weknowalotabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofreadingahardcopybookvs.readingelectronically.Theproblemismanyofusrefusetolisten.

Don'tgetmewrong:

Digitalreadinghassomerealadvantages.Askpeoplewhattheylikemostaboutreadingondigitalscreens,andyouhearoverandoveragainaboutconvenience.Morepointsfordigitalreading：

ebookstendtobecheaper.There'salsotheenvironmentalargument.Thinkofthetrees!

Yetthesoundnessofthiscaseisarguable.Theearthmetalstobuildereadersarenotjustrarebuthighlypoisonous.Andthinkaboutallthatenergyneededtorunserversandcoolingfans.Andremember,treesarearenewableresource.

Then,there'stheappealofahardcopy.Manypeoplepreferprintwhenreadingbothforpleasureandforschoolorwork.Drawingexamplesfrommyownresearch,someofthereasonsareaesthetic（美学的）．Othersinvolveasenseofaccomplishment,easeofannotation（“Icanwriteonthepages”）,andnavigation（“easytolocatewhereIwas”）．Meanwhile,Ihearabundantcomplaintsabouteyestrain（眼疲劳）andheadacheswhenusingscreens.

Muchofwhatstudentslikedaboutreadingprintinvolvedtheirminds.Theysay“it'seasiertofocus”．Somealsoacknowledgedtheytookmoretimewithprintedtextandreadmorecarefully.

Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisconcentration.Morethan92%ofthoseIsurveyedsaidtheyconcentratedbestwhenreadingahardcopy.WhenadigitaldevicehasanInternetconnection,it'shardtoresistthetemptation（诱惑）．

Soifdigitalinterruptionsdon'tthreatenyourenjoymentorunderstandingofatext,thenmediummaynotmatter.CasualreadinglikeDavidBaldaci.Ifyoubreaktochecksportsscores,therewillbelittleharmdone.Butjustdon'texpecttounderstandJoyce'snovelsthisway.

【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了在网络高度发达的社会中，电子书有愈来愈替代纸质书的趋势，然而作者通过对比两者的优缺点表达了对纸质书的青睐。

1．Whatisanadvantageofreadingahardcopybook?

A．Itischeaper.

B．Itiseasiertocarryaround.

C．Ithelpspeoplethinkdeeper.

D．Itprovidesinstantinformation.

C　[考查细节理解。

根据文章第五段中的“...involvedtheirminds...‘it'seasiertofocus’...withprintedtextandreadmorecarefully.”可知，读纸质书能让人更专注、更认真，因此思考更深入。

故选C项。

]

2．What'sthebiggestproblemofreadingdigitally?

A．Environmentalconcern.

B．Physicaldiscomfort.

C．Lackofconcentration.

D．Internetconnection.

C　[考查细节理解。

根据文章第六段第一句“Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisconcentration.”可知，电子书阅读的最大问题是缺乏专注。

故选C项。

]

3．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardereading?

A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.

C．Optimistic.D．Unconcerned.

B　[考查推理判断。

根据文章第三至六段尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为，如果电子阅读不会影响你阅读的愉悦感和对文本的理解，那么无可厚非。

但是读类似乔伊斯的作品时就不是合适的选择了。

由此可推测，作者对电子阅读持不赞成的态度。

故选B项。

]

4．Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?

A．Byanalyzingpossiblereasons.

B．Byprovidingtypicalexamples.

C．Bylistingpracticalsuggestions.

D．Bypresentingdirectcomparisons.

D　[考查推理判断。

文章的第二段主要讲了电子书的好处，第三段讲了电子书的缺点，第四、五段主要讲了纸质书的益处，第六段讲了电子书的缺点。

因此整个文章是通过比较来写作的。

故选D项。

]

C

（2017·湖南长沙高三年级统一模拟考试）Inbetweenrunningoneoftheworld'slargestcharitableagenciesandactingasMicrosoft'stechnologyadvisor,BillGatesmanagestofindtimetoreadbooks,bothlongandshort.NowGates—whohasbeenlabeleda“greedy”reader—hasreleasedalistofhisfavoritebooks.Allofthebooksarestandoutreads,accordingtothebillionaire,mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy.

HereareBill'stopfourpicks（withpartsofhisfullreviewofeachbook）．

BusinessAdventures,byJohnBrooks

Brooks'collectionwaspublishedin1969andremainsoneofGates'favorites.Herereaditagainthisyear,labelingitthebestbusinessbookhehaseverread.

“Shortlyafterwemet,WarrenBuffettlentmethiscollectionofbusinessarticlesfromTheNewYorkerfromthe1950sand1960s.Ilovedthemasmuchashedid.Brooks'insights（洞察力）intobusinesshaveagedbeautifully,andtheyareastruetodayasever.”

CapitalintheTwentyFirstCentury,byThomasPiketty

Piketty'snovelhittheshelvesinAugust2013andsparkedmuchdiscussionconcerningincomeinequalitythroughoutthisyear.GatesalsogottositdownwithPikettyhimselfafterreadingthenonfictionworktodiscussthetopic.

“AsItoldhim,althoughIhaveconcernsaboutsomeofhissecondarypointsandpolicyprescriptions,Iagreewithhismostimportantconclusions：

inequalityisagrowingproblemandgovernmentsshouldplayaroleinreducingit.”

HowAsiaWorks,byJoeStudwell

Studwell'swork,whichwaspublishedinMay2014,addresseshowcountriessuchasJapan,SouthKoreaandChinahavecontinuedtoachievehighgrowth,andwhyothercountrieshavefailedtodothesame.

“Theagriculturesectionofthebookwasparticularlyinsightful.Itprovidedamplefoodforthoughtformeaswellasthewholeagricultureteamatourfoundation.AnditleftusthinkingaboutwhetherpartsoftheAsianmodelcanapplyinAfrica.”

MakingtheModernWorld:

MaterialsandDematerialization,byVaclaySmil

Smil'sbooksareaconstantfavoriteoftheMicrosoft'sfounder—oneofhisbooksmakesGates'listalmosteveryyear.“MakingtheModernWorld”cameoutlatein2013andexplorestheglobaluseofmaterials,fromsilicontowoodandplastic.

“Ifanyonetriestotellyouwe'reusingfewermaterials,sendhimthisbook.Withhisusualskepticismandhisloveofdata,Smilshowshowourabilitytomakethingswithfewermaterials—say,sodacansthatneedlessaluminum—makesthemcheaper,whichactuallyencouragesmoreproduction.”

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了比尔·盖茨喜欢阅读的四本关于商业和经济的书。

1．Thebooksmentionedinthetextareallabout．

A．charityintheworld

B．businessandeconomy

C．povertyintheworld

D．BillGates'lifeexperience

B　[考查细节理解。

根据第一段的最后一句“Allofthebooksarestandoutreads，accordingtothebillionaire，mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy.”可知，比尔·盖茨喜欢的这些书都是优秀读物，其中大部分书与商业和经济有关，故B项正确。

]

2．Ofthebooks，isbestpraisedbyBillGates.

A．HowAsiaWorks

B．CapitalintheTwentyFirstCentury

C．BusinessAdventures

D．MakingtheModernWorld：

Materialsand

Dematerialization

C　[考查细节理解。

根据第三段的第二句“Herereaditagainthisyear，labelingitthebestbusinessbo