SectionIUseofEnglish大学英语课程教学要求.docx

SectionIUseofEnglish大学英语课程教学要求.docx

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SectionIUseofEnglish大学英语课程教学要求

考研英语模拟题013

SectionIUseofEnglish

Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers'health?

Manyindividualsareconcernedaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiationfromhandsetsandbasestations,  1  thelackofcredibleevidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthebeneficialeffectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermore  2 . Indeed,asystematicreview  3  byRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,roundsup  4  oftheuseoftext-messaginginthe  5  ofhealthcare.Theseuses  6  threecategories:

efficiencygains;public-healthgains;anddirectbenefitstopatientsby  7  text-messagingintotreatmentregimes.

Usingtextingto  8  efficiencyisnotprofoundscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.Several  9  carriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingreminders     10  thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointmentsby33-50%.Ifsuchschemeswere  11  nationally,thiswouldtranslate  12  annualsavingsof￡256-364million.

Textmessagescanalsobeagoodwaytodeliverpublic-healthinformation,particularlytogroups  13  arehardtoreachbyothermeans.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiato   14  peopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization'sstrategytocontrollungdisease.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupporta  15  toimmunizenearly5millionchildren  16  paralysis.

 17  ,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatmentregime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientsto  18  theirmedicine,ortoencourageaccordancewithexerciseregimes.However,Dr.Rifatnotesthattheevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerally  19 ,andmorequantitativeresearchis  20.

1.[A]so　　[B]even　　[C]despite　　[D]and

2.[A]interesting　　[B]abundant　　[C]clear　　[D]reasonable

3.[A]went　　[B]came　　[C]performed　　[D]turned

4.[A]approaches　　[B]situations　　[C]problems　　[D]examples

5.[A]reality　　[B]reorganization　　[C]delivery　　[D]discovery

6.[A]fallinto　　[B]sumup　　[C]associatewith　　[D]subjectto

7.[A]cooperating　　[B]incorporating　　[C]adapting　　[D]adopting

8.[A]rise　　[B]boost　　[C]produce　　[D]encourage

9.[A]questions　　[B]incidents　　[C]cases　　[D]trials

10.[A]reduces　　[B]degrades　　[C]deserves　　[D]drops

11.[A]calledupon　　[B]switchedto　　[C]rolledout　　[D]wentthrough

12.[A]into　　[B]for　　[C]on　　[D]from

13.[A]what　　[B]whose　　[C]which　　[D]who

14.[A]ask　　[B]inform　　[C]adopt　　[D]contact

15.[A]campaign　　[B]event　　[C]decision　　[D]communication

16.[A]off　　[B]with　　[C]against　　[D]in

17.[A]Finally　　[B]However　　[C]Usually　　[D]Obviously

18.[A]buy　　[B]receive　　[C]get　　[D]take

19.[A]unscientific　　[B]real　　[C]anecdotal　　[D]legal

20.[A]gained　　[B]acquired　　[C]needed　　[D]given

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Prudentinvestorslearnedlongagothatputtingyoureggsintolotsofbasketsreducesrisk.Conservationistshavenowhitonasimilaridea:

apopulationofendangeredanimalswillhaveabetterchanceofsurvivalifitisdividedintointerconnectedgroups.Theprospectsofthespecieswillbebetterbecausethechancethatalltheconstituentsubpopulationswilldieoutatthesametimeislow.And,inthelongterm,itmatterslittleifoneortwogroupsdodisappear,becauseimmigrantsfrombetter-faringpatcheswilleventuallyreestablishthespecies'oldhaunts.

Oneendangeredspeciesdividedinjustthiswayistheworld'srarestcarnivore,theEthiopianwolf,whichliveshighinthemeadowsoftheBaleMountains.Just350existinthreepocketsofmeadowconnectedbynarrow'valleysintheBaleMountainsNationalPark,withafurther150outsidethisarea.

TwoofthemainthreatstotheEthiopianwolfcomefromdiseasescarriedbydomesticdogs.Oneofthese,rabies,isofparticularconcernbecauseitisepidemicinthedogpopulation.Atfirstblush,vaccinatingthewolvesagainstrabiesseemsasimplesolution.Itwouldbeambitious,becausetheprevailingthinking—thatallindividualsmatterandthereforealloutbreaksofdiseaseshouldbecompletelyhalted—impliesthatalargeproportionofwolveswouldneedtobevaccinated.

DanHaydon,oftheUniversityofGlasgow,andhiscolleaguesbelievethatconservationbiologistsshouldthinkdifferently.Withtheexceptionofhumans,speciesareimportantbutindividualsarenot.Someoutbreaksofdiseasecanbetolerated.InapaperpublishedthisweekinNature,theyrecastthemathematicsofvaccinationwiththisinmind.

Onepidemiologists'standardassumptionthateveryindividualcounts,vaccinationprogrammesareintendedtopreventepidemicsbyensuringthateachinfectedanimal,onaverage,passesthediseaseontolessthanonehealthyanimal.Thisimpliesthataroundtwo-thirdsofallthewolveswouldneedtobevaccinated.Aprogrammethatsoughttosaveaspeciesratherthanindividualswouldalloweachinfectedwolftopassthediseaseontomorethanonehealthyanimalandhencerequirefewervaccinations.DrHaydonandhiscolleagueshavecalculated,usingdatafromarabiesoutbreakin2003,thatvaccinatingbetween10%and25%wouldsuffice,providedveterinariansgavejabstothosewolveslivinginthenarrowvalleysthatconnectthesubpopulations.

 Ifthethreatofrabiesaroseeveryfiveyears,targetingallthewolvesinthecorridorswouldcuttheriskofextinctionovera20-yearperiodbyfourfold.Ifthiswerebackedupbyvaccinatingamere10%ofthewolvesinthethreeconnectedmeadows,thechanceofextinctionwoulddroptolessthanonein1,000.Savingafewseemstobeanefficientwayofprotectingthemany.

21.Bycitingprudentinvestors'idea,theauthorwantstoillustratethat___________.

[A]conservationistsgotinspirationsfromit. 

[B]endangeredanimalscanbeprotectedinasimilarway. 

[C]theprospectsofsomespeciesdependonconservation. 

[D]thesubpopulationswilldiewithoutbeingputintodifferentgroups.

22.TheEthiopianwolf___________.

[A]isfacingtheriskofextinctionastherarestcarnivore. 

[B]isseparatedintothreegroupstoachievesurvival. 

[C]livesinnarrowvalleysintheBaleMountains. 

[D]hasaltogether350aliveintheworld.

23.Theideathatnearlyallthewolveswouldneedtobevaccinated___________..

[A]isduetothatrabiescarriedbydogsisepidemic. 

[B]isveryeasytoberealizedbylocalmedicaladministration. 

[C]isbasedonthethinkingthateverywolfisnecessarilyprotected. 

[D]issupportedbyDanHaydonoftheUniversityofGlasgow.

24.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,weknowthat___________.

[A]ifeachindividualcounts,one-thirdofwolveshavetobevaccinated. 

[B]Dr.Haydonprovedepidemiologists'standardassumptionisright. 

[C]tovaccinate10%to25%ofwolveslivingintheconnectedmeadowsisenough. 

[D]ittakes20yearstoreduceriskofextinctionifallthewolvesaretargeted.

25.Themainpurposeofthetextisto___________.

[A]showthedangersEthiopianwolvesarefacingwith. 

[B]informpeopleoftheprospectsEthiopianwolves. 

[C]teachhowtodivideEthiopianwolvesintogroups. 

[D]tellhowtoprotectEthiopianwolvesfromrabies.

Text2

Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collarservicejobs,whichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobeconnectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossibletooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley'sMr.Roachhasbeendrawingattentiontothefactthatthe"globallaborarbitrage"ismovingrapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessingandcallcentersthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountries,butalsosoftwareprogramming,medicaldiagnostics,engineeringdesign,law,accounting,financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfromanywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreatercompetition.

Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthatoutsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanlmAmericanservice-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecaststhatby2015atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroad,butthatistinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatarealreadybeingoff-shored,wheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemergingeconomies.

AlanBlinder,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsofoff-shoring,andthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbesusceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredtoChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evenso,themerethreatthattheycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages:

Moreover,saysMr.Blinder,educationoffersnoprotection.Highlyskilledaccountants,radiologistsorcomputerprogrammersnowhavetocompetewithelectronicallydeliveredcompetitionfromabroad,whereashumbletaxidrivers,janitorsandcraneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.ThismayhelptoexplainwhytherealmedianwageofAmericangraduateshatfallenby6%since2000,abiggerdeclinethaninaveragewages.

Inthe1980san