外研英语选修七语言点整理.docx

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外研英语选修七语言点整理.docx

外研英语选修七语言点整理

Module1Basketball

一、重难点单词与短语

1.abruptadj.

(1)意外的,突然的:

e.g.anabruptchangeintheweather

(2)无理的,唐突的

e.g.Hehasanabruptmanner.

(3)陡的,险峻的;急转的

e.g.anabrupthill

anabruptturn

词性变化:

abruptlyadv.突然地,唐突地

abruptnessn.突然,唐突;(举止,言谈等的)粗鲁无理

2.absorbv.

(1)吸收(液体);承受;承担

e.g.absorbmoisturefromtheair

Wewillnotabsorbthesecharges.

(2)吸取(知识);占有

e.g.Theboyabsorbsnewknowledgequickly.

=Theboyabsorbsintonewknowledgequickly.

=Theboytakesinnewknowledgequickly.

Thisjobabsorbsallofmytime.

注意:

absorbin的意思是“吸引,专心于”,absorbinto才是“吸收”。

(3)吸引;使专心;使全神贯注

e.g.toabsorbinstudy

Thewriterwasabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar.

beabsorbedin全神贯注在……,一心从事,热衷于

拓展:

“全神贯注,专心”的表达方法:

①belostin/loseoneselfin全神贯注于;沉湎于

e.g.Shelostherselfinthebook.

②bury(oneself)in埋头于;专心于

e.g.Heburiedhimselfinhiswork.

③concentrate/focus(…)on集中在;专心于

e.g.Youmusttrytofocusyourmindonworkandstudy.

Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.

(4)并吞;兼并

e.g.toabsorbthesmallstates

Inthepast10years,thecompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedallitssmallerrivals.

3.apologize/apologisev.道歉,辩白

常见搭配:

apologizetosb.

apologizetosb.forsth.

apologizetosb.fordoingsth.

apologizeforoneself

e.g.Ihavecometoapologizetoyou.

Iapologizedtoherforsteppingonherfoot.

Imustapologizetoyouforbeinglate.

Heapologizedforhavingtoleaveearly.

词性变化:

apologyn.道歉;辩解;辩护

make/offeranapologytosb.for(doing)sth.

4.appointvt. 任命,委派

e.g.ThePresidentappointedanewcabinetmember.

Wemustappointanewteacheratoncetothemountainschool.

习惯用法:

(1)appointsb.(tobe)+职务或appointsb.as+职务:

任命某人为……

(tobe可以省略;注意职务前不加任何冠词。

e.g.appointsb.toapost派某人任某职

(2)appoint(+时间、地点等)todo:

指定或约定做某事

e.g.toappointatimeforthemeeting

Theyappointedaplacetoexchangestamps.

辨析:

appoint,name和assign

appoint指官方委任。

e.g.Hewasappointedasexportmanagerofthefirm.

Hewasappointedmayorofthecity.

name提名,指定(非正式用语,一般不强调被推选的职务)

e.g.Sincenoonehasvolunteered,Iherebynamethefollowingtotakechargeofthematter.

assign委派,分配(一般不涉及职位)

e.g.Hewasassignedanimportantmission.

派生词:

appointmentn. 约会,安排

appointeen. 被任命者

appointern. 任命者

disappointvt.使……失望

disappointedadj.失望的

disappointingadj.令人失望的

disappointmentn.失望;令人失望的人

5.confirmv.

(1)证实,进一步确定

e.g.Theexpressiononherfaceconfirmedourworstfears.

(2)批准

e.g.Whendoyouthinkthepresidentwillconfirmyouinoffice?

6.attendv.

(1)attend作及物动词,意为“出席、参加”(=bepresentatorgoto)。

e.g.Didyouattendtheconcertlastnight?

Sheattendschurcheveryday.

注:

attend主要用来表示参加或出席会议、听课、上学或看演出等,成为这一集体活动的一名听众或观众。

(2)attend作及物动词,意为“护理、照料”(=lookafter,treat)。

e.g.Shehadtostayathometoattendhersickmother.

Thedoctorhasmanypatientstoattendeveryday.

(3)attend作不及物动词,意为“注意、倾听”(=payattentionto),这时常与介词to连用。

e.g.PleaseattendtowhatI’mgoingtosay.

7.basisn.基础;根据;主要部分

e.g.Whatisthebasisofyouropinion?

Don’tevaluateapersononthebasisofappearance.

Thebasisofthisdrinkisorangejuice.

辨析:

base与basis

这两个词在作名词时可表示“基础;基地”,但其意义是不同的。

base用来指某物体的具体“基础”或底部的“支柱”。

e.g.Wecampedatthebaseofthemountain.

Ourcompany’sbaseisinNewYork,butwehaveextendedmanybranchesallaroundtheworld.

而basis则用来表示抽象意义上的“基础”,常用于比喻句。

e.g.What’sthebasisofyouropinion?

Wearewillingtodevelopeconomicrelationswithallcountriesonthebasisofmutualbenefits.

习惯用语:

onafifty-fiftybasis对等地(平分)

on...basis(=onthebasisof)以……为根据,在……基础上

providea...basisfor为……提供……根据

8.average

(1)average作名词,表示“平均”。

e.g.Theaverageof4,5and9is6.

Parentsspendanaverageof$220ayearontoysfortheirchildren.

Thelivingstandardofthepeoplethereisabovetheaverage.

常见短语:

onaverage平均

e.g.Afterhebecamefamous,hereceived50lettersadayonaverage.

Wefailonestudentperyearonaverage.

(2)average作形容词,表示“平均的”。

e.g.Theaverageageofthestudentsinourclassisseventeen.

9.berudetosb.对人很粗鲁,对某人粗暴无礼

e.g.Hewaspunishedbecausehewasrudetohisteacher.

Ifyouarerudetotheboss,youwilllosechancesofsuccess.

反义:

befriendly/good/kindtosb.对……友好

10.attract/drawsb.’sattention引起某人的注意,使某人注意

常见attention短语:

attract/drawsb’sattentionto将某人的注意力吸引到……上去

payattentionto/giveone’sattentionto注意……

callsb.’sattentionto叫某人注意……

bringsth.tosb.’sattention使某人注意……

turnsb.’sattentionto把注意力转到……

fix/focus/hold/centersb.’sattentiononsth.把注意力集中在……

e.g.Weshouldpayattentiontostateaffairs.

Giveyourwholeattentiontowhatyouaredoing.

Shedrewmyattentiontoamistakeinthereport.

Sheturnedherattentiontoanewproblem.

11.ifnecessary如必要的话

当从句是由“引导词十itis/itwas+adj.”这一结构时,可将itis或itwas省略,类似的说法有whennecessary,whenpossible,ifpossible等。

e.g.Ifnecessary,we’lltryourbesttohelpyou.(=Ifitisnecessary,…)

Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.

Thisdifficultymustbeavoidedifpossible.

12.takepossessionof占有,占领

e.g.Thearmytookpossessionofthisareatwohoursago.

Theoldcoupletookpossessionofthehouse30yearsago.

Hetookpossessionofthiscarlastyear.

拓展:

(sb.be)inpossessionofsth.某人占有/拥有

e.g.Whoisinpossessionoftheproperty?

Heisinpossessionofthishouse.

Iaminpossessionofthebeautifulcar.

Thepersoninpossessionofthebighouseisexcited.

inthepossessionof=insb.’spossession某物/某人被某人所占

e.g.Thatislandwasinthepossessionofthatcountrylateinthesixteenthcentury.

Thebeautifulcarisinmypossession/inthepossessionofme.

Mybrotherisinpossessionofallthebusiness.

=Allthebusinessisinthepossessionofmybrother.

二、句子解析

1.MichaelJordanwasthesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.

thefirst/second/third…lasttodo…意为“第一/二/三……最后一个做……的人”。

英语中,常在序数词后用不定式结构来指“第几个做某事的人”。

e.g.Tomisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

Chinawasoneofthefirstcountriesintheworldtostudythescienceoffarming.

Alicewasthefirsttoarrive.

2.Atonepoint,Chamberlainwassomuchbetterthanalltheotherplayersthattheychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim.

(1)atonepoint意为“一度,曾今”。

e.g.MyfriendandIsawafilmyesterdayandatonepointshewasmovedtotears.

(2)本句中的so…that…意为“如此……以致……”,引导结果状语从句,可用于以下句型:

①so+adj./adv.+that…

②so+adj.+a/an+单数名词+that…

e.g.Itissobeautifulabikethatwealllikeit.

提醒:

不可说:

Itisasobeautifulbikethatwealllikeit.

拓展:

“如此……以致……”句型也可用such表达,可用以下句型:

①sucha/an+单数名词+that…

②such+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+that…

e.g.Thebikeissobeautifulthatwealllikeit.

=Itissuchabeautifulbikethatwealllikeit.

注意:

英语中象too,as,so,that等词与形容词一起修饰单数可数名词时,应该用句型too/as/so/that+adj.+a/an+n.结构。

(3)句中much修饰形容词比较级better,much,rather,alot,agreatdeal,far,byfar,notalittle等修饰比较级表示“……得多”。

e.g.Thiskindofpaperwasassoftaslight,butmuchlessexpensive.

Thishatisrathermoreexpensivethanthat.

JackisalottallerthanLucy.

Thisvillageisagreatdealricherthanthatone.

Theyneedfarmoremoneythanwedo.

Tomisbyfartheclevererofthetwo.

注意:

①用byfar修饰比较级时比较级前应有定冠词the。

②much修饰比较级,more用于多音节词或部分双音节词前构成比较级。

③very不能修饰比较级。

④rather可修饰比较级,fairly却不可。

⑤alot,agreatdeal修饰比较级时表示程度,词组中不带of。

3.ThegiantplayertheNBA’sPhiladelphiaWarriorsinthe1959-1960seasonandwasanimmediatesuccess.

success在这里作可数名词(抽象名词具体化),意为“成功的人或事”。

e.g.Hewasnotasuccessasateacher.

Theconferencewasasuccess.

抽象名词一般是不可数名词,但有些抽象名词可以具体化,用作可数名词,表示“……的人/事”。

类似的词有:

surprise,pity等,但fun作“开心的人或事”仍是不可数名词。

4.Butthereisnodoubtthathedeservesthetitle“outstandingplayerofhisgeneration”.

doubt用在否定句中,后面接that引导的同位语从句。

e.g.Ihavenodoubtthathewillsucceed.

Thereisnodoubtthattheywillagreewithyouonthismatter.

Thereisnodoubtthatheisguilty.

doubt用作名词常与about/of/asto/on等介词连用。

e.g.Thereisnodoubtaboutit.

Ihavenodoubtofhisability.

Shehasherdoubtsastothisbeingtrue.

Noonehasanydoubtonthispoint.。

三、典型例题讲解

1.—Howaboutputtingsomepicturesintothereport?

—________Apictureisworthathousandwords.(江苏卷)

A.Noway.         B.Whynot?

   

C.Allright?

       D.Nomatter.

答案:

B

2.—Imustapologize____youknowaheadoftime.

—That’sallright.

A.forlettingnot     B.fornotletting  

C.tolet         D.nottolet

答案:

B

选择题:

1.Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen____ofthecompany.

A.appointedtopresident       B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident        D.appointedthepresident

2.Trytoexplainthisnewtheoryandgiveactualexamples_____.

A.ifitneeded            B.whennecessary

C.wheretheyarepossible       D.whenyouarepossible

3.Youwillsoon_____it.

A.beusedto             B.usedto

C.useto               D.beuseto

4.Thegirldidn’tevenlookup,allherattentionwas__________ontheprettydoll.

A.paid                B.given

C.drawn                D.fixed

5.Thepartywas_____success.Wesanganddanceduntilitcameto______endatmidnight.

A.a;an                B.a;the

C.the;an               D./;an

6.Myfatherwasamongthefirstpeople______tothewest.

A.going                B.togo

C.gone                D.havinggone

7.Greatattentionmustbepaid_________education,especiallyinthecountryside.

A.develop               B.todevelop

C.todeveloping            D.developing

8.一Howaretheteamplaying?

—They’replayingwell,butoneofthem_____hurt.

A.got                 B.gets

C.are                 D.were

9.Theboyusedtobegood.Weare____aboutwhyhehaschangedthatmuch.

A.worried               B.pleas

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