届浙江省普通高中高考仿真模拟练英语试题二.docx
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届浙江省普通高中高考仿真模拟练英语试题二
2018届浙江省普通高中高考仿真模拟练英语试题
(二)
(满分120分,时间100分钟)
选择题部分
第一部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
JosephGoldbergerwasadoctorfortheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServiceandhewasanadvocateforscientificandsocialrecognitionofthelinksbetweenpovertyanddisease.In1914,GoldbergerwasaskedbyUSSurgeonGeneralRupertBluetostudyaskindiseasethatwaskillingthousandsofpeopleintheSouth.Thediseasewaspellagra(糙皮病).
GoldbergertraveledtothestateofMississippiwheremanypeoplesufferedfrompellagra.Hestudiedthevictimsandtheirfamilies.Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife.Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.Hereceivedpermissionfromthestategovernortotestthisideaataprison.Prisonerswereofferedpardonsiftheytookpart.Onegroupofprisonersreceivedtheirusualfoods,mostlycornproducts.Asecondgroupatemeat,freshvegetablesanddrankmilk.Membersofthefirstgroupdevelopedpellagra.Thesecondgroupdidnot.
ButsomemedicalresearchersrefusedtoacceptGoldberger'sidea.FortheSouth,pellagrawasmorethansimplyamedicalproblem.Therewereotherthings,includingSouthernpride.
SoGoldbergerhadhimselfinjected(注射)withbloodfromapersonwithpellagra.Healsotookliquidfromthenoseandthroatofapellagrapatientandputthemintohisownnoseandthroat.Heevenswallowedpillsthatcontainedskinfrompellagrapatients.Anassistantalsotookpartintheexperiments.SodidGoldberger'swife.Noneofthemgotsick.
JosephGoldbergerdiedofcancerin1929.Hewasfiftyfiveyearsold.Severalyearslater,researchersdiscoveredtheexactcauseofpellagra:
alackofvitaminB3knownasniacin.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇记叙文。
文章介绍了美国医生JosephGoldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。
JosephGoldberger医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。
1.WhowereeasytargetsofpellagraaccordingtoGoldberger?
A.PeopleinAmerica.
B.Peopleputintoprison.
C.Peoplehavingapoordiet.
D.Peopletouchingpellagrapatients.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife...butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.”,再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知,在JosephGoldberger看来,糙皮病和食物有关,而且患者大多生活条件差;再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知,不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。
2.WhatdidGoldbergerwanttoprovebytheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4?
A.Pellagrawasn'tsoterrible.
B.Pellagradidn'tspread.
C.Pellagracouldbecured.
D.Pellagrawasn'tamedicalproblem.
解析:
选B 推理判断题。
根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知,Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。
3.WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeGoldberger?
A.Devotedanddetermined.
B.Selflessandfriendly.
C.Patientandexpert.
D.Stubbornandenthusiastic.
解析:
选A 推理判断题。
文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中,有奉献精神;尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点,但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的,这体现出他意志坚定。
故选A。
B
ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage:
“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,namecallingoreventhesocalled“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit,sometimesevenmoreso.
Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal(言语的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults,aged18to25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.
Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.
Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So,unkind,hurtfulcommentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear,depression,angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.
TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry'swebsite.
Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren,buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文。
马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现,语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接,对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。
4.Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?
A.Toshowthepowerofwords.
B.Tointroduceanoppositeview.
C.Toprovetheauthor'sargument.
D.Toshowancientpeople'swisdom.
解析:
选B 写作手法题。
引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式,且大多用来引出文章的话题。
但是根据此谚语后面的“Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,namecalling...hit,sometimesevenmoreso.”可知,本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点,故选B。
5.Whatdidthesubjectshaveincommon?
A.Theywerehurtbyunkindwords.
B.Theyperformedpoorlyinimagingtests.
C.Theyhadtheirbrainslightlydamaged.
D.Theyexperiencednophysicalabuseathome.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.”可知,这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待,也就是说,他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待。
故选D。
6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Thewaywespeakmatters.
B.Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.
C.Unkindwordshurtthebrain.
D.Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.
解析:
选C 主旨大意题。
文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响,再根据文中的“verbal(言语的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出,其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。
故选C。
C
(2017·浙江重点中学模拟)Themediahasnegativeeffectsonthephysicalandpsychologicalwellbeingofsociety.PeoplespendinghoursinfrontofatelevisionorsurfingtheInternetexperienceeyeproblems.Lackofphysicalactivityleadstoobesityproblems.Themediainfluencespublicopinionandimpactsthechoicesthatpeoplemake.Themediahasledtoageneralopinionthatthinisinandfatisout.Thismakestheoverweightfeeloutofplace.Theyarereadytostarvethemselvestoloseweight,whichhasledtoincreasingcasesofeatingdisorders.
Themediahas,initsownway,changedpeople'soutlookonlife.Itistheinterface(界面)throughwhichmillionslookattheworldoutside.Themediaclaimstodescribethe“today”,butnotalltypesofmediashowthetruth.Withtheintentionofstressingtheirpointorgrabbinggreaterattentionfromthemasses,themediaexaggerates(夸大)thingstoacertaindegree.Noteveryoneisabletofilter_outthatelement.Mostbelieveeverythingtobereal,especiallykidsandteenagers.
Mediasourcesaresomanyinnumberandallofthemsoconvincinglymaketheirpointthatitishardtodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.Thuswhileacertainamountofexposuretothemediaisessentialforintroducingourselvestotheworldoutside,excessiveexposure,uncontrolledaccessandbeliefwithoutthoughtwon'tleadusanywhere.Theywillonlymakethenegativeeffectofthemediamoreobvious.
Mediadescriptionsgiverisetostereotypes,affectingyourmindset.Advertisementscarrysubliminal(潜意识的)messagesinfluencingbuyers'psychology,orcarrydirectmessagesthatbearanegativeinfluence.It'snotpossibletoprotectyourselfcompletelyfromtheeffectsofthemedia,evenifyoulimittheexposure.Andthesearesomanythingsyouseearoundyou,withoutchoosingtowatchthem.Theonlywaytoprotectyourselffromthemistonotallowthemtoinfluenceyou.Don'ttakemediadescriptionsattheirword.Don'tbelieveinthemwithoutthinking.Thinktwicebeforefollowingorfallingforanything.
语篇解读:
媒体为了达到某一目的,往往会对人们造成误导,其负面影响很大。
因此人们对媒体所传达的信息要进行理智的思考和判断,决不能盲目相信。
7.Howdoesthemediaaffectpeople'shealth?
A.Itmisshapespeople'sconceptofbeauty.
B.Itdisturbspeople'ssleepingroutines.
C.Itmakespeopleaddictedtojunkfood.
D.Itraisespeople'sawarenessofexercise.
解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Themediainfluencespublicopinion...thatthinisinandfatisout...”可知,媒体影响公众的观点以及人们所做出的选择,媒体导致公众认为“瘦是时尚,胖是落伍”,这使得肥胖的人觉得自己格格不入,于是他们准备饿肚子来减肥,从而导致饮食紊乱。
由此可知,媒体会使人们形成有关美的错误观念。
故选A。
8.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedpart“filterout”inParagraph2?
A.Accept. B.Convey.
C.Remove.D.Interpret.
解析:
选C 词义猜测题。
根据第二段中的“Withtheintentionofstressingtheir...thingstoacertaindegree.”“Mostbelieveeverythingtobereal,especiallykidsandteenagers.”可知,为了吸引大众更多的关注,媒体会在一定程度上夸大事物,而不是每个人都能够去除“夸张”这种因素的影响。
大部分人认为一切都是真的,尤其是孩子和青少年。
由此可推知画线部分的意思是“过滤掉,去除”,故选C。
9.WhatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?
A.Morehaste,lessspeed.
B.Everycoinhastwosides.
C.Awatchedpotneverboils.
D.Learntowalkbeforeyourun.
解析:
选B 推理判断题。
根据第三段中的“Thuswhileacertainamountofexposuretothemediais...makethenegativeeffectofthemediamoreobvious.”可知,适度接触媒体对我们了解外面的世界是完全必要的,但过多的、毫无节制的接触对我们则无益处,会对我们产生消极的影响。
由此可知,B项“事物都有两面性”符合题意。
10.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodointhelastparagraph?
A.Limittheirexposuretothemedia.
B.Don'tbetoocuriousaboutthingsaround.
C.Developtheirselfconfidenceandselfcontrol.
D.Usetheirownjudgmentproperlyinfaceofthemedia.
解析:
选D 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Theonlywaytoprotectyourselffromthemistonotallow...twicebeforefollowingorfallingforanything.”可知,作者建议人们不要被媒体的描述所欺骗,不要盲目相信媒体所报道的,要有自己的判断,也就是说人们在媒体(信息)面前,要恰当运用自己的判断。
故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2017·兰州市高考诊断考试)Whatmakespeoplesuccessful?
Takealookaroundandtalktoyourfriendsandseniorswhoareverysuccessful,youwillseeallofthemhaveadoptedc