The 1998 ACM Computing Classification System.docx
《The 1998 ACM Computing Classification System.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《The 1998 ACM Computing Classification System.docx（49页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
The1998ACMComputingClassificationSystem
Copyright2007,bytheAssociationforComputingMachinery,Inc.
Permissiontomakedigitalorhardcopiesofpartorallofthiswork
forpersonalorclassroomuseisgrantedwithoutfeeprovidedthat
copiesarenotmadeordistributedforprofitorcommercialadvantage
andthatcopiesbearthisnoticeandthefullcitationonthefirst
page.Tocopyotherwise,torepublish,topostonservers,orto
redistributetolists,requirespriorspecificpermissionand/ora
fee.Requestpermissiontorepublishfrom:
PublicationsDept.,ACM,
Inc.Fax+1（212）869-0481orE-mailpermissions@acm.org.
A.GeneralLiterature
A.0GENERAL
Biographies/autobiographies
Conferenceproceedings
Generalliteraryworks（e.g.,fiction,plays）
A.1INTRODUCTORYANDSURVEY
A.2REFERENCE（e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries）
A.mMISCELLANEOUS
B.Hardware
B.0GENERAL
B.1CONTROLSTRUCTURESANDMICROPROGRAMMING（D.3.2）
B.1.0General
B.1.1ControlDesignStyles
Hardwiredcontrol**
Microprogrammedlogicarrays**
Writablecontrolstore**
B.1.2ControlStructurePerformanceAnalysisandDesignAids
Automaticsynthesis**
Formalmodels**
Simulation**
B.1.3ControlStructureReliability,Testing,andFault-Tolerance**（B.8）
Diagnostics**
Error-checking**
Redundantdesign**
Testgeneration**
B.1.4MicroprogramDesignAids（D.2.2,D.2.4,D.3.2,D.3.4）
Firmwareengineering**
Languagesandcompilers
Machine-independentmicrocodegeneration**
Optimization
Verification**
B.1.5MicrocodeApplications
Directdatamanipulation**
Firmwaresupportofoperatingsystems/instructionsets**
Instructionsetinterpretation
Peripheralcontrol**
Special-purpose**
B.1.mMiscellaneous
B.2ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES
B.2.0General
B.2.1DesignStyles（C.1.1-2）
Calculator**
Parallel
Pipeline
B.2.2PerformanceAnalysisandDesignAids**（B.8）
Simulation**
Verification**
Worst-caseanalysis**
B.2.3Reliability,Testing,andFault-Tolerance**（B.8）
Diagnostics**
Error-checking**
Redundantdesign**
Testgeneration**
B.2.4High-SpeedArithmetic（NEW）
Algorithms（NEW）
Cost/performance（NEW）
B.2.mMiscellaneous
B.3MEMORYSTRUCTURES
B.3.0General
B.3.1SemiconductorMemories（NEW）（B.7.1）
Dynamicmemory（DRAM）（NEW）
Read-onlymemory（ROM）（NEW）
Staticmemory（SRAM）（NEW）
B.3.2DesignStyles（D.4.2）
Associativememories
Cachememories
Interleavedmemories**
Massstorage（e.g.,magnetic,optical,RAID）（REVISED）
Primarymemory
Sequential-accessmemory**
Sharedmemory
Virtualmemory
B.3.3PerformanceAnalysisandDesignAids**（B.8,C.4）
Formalmodels**
Simulation**
Worst-caseanalysis**
B.3.4Reliability,Testing,andFault-Tolerance**（B.8）
Diagnostics**
Error-checking**
Redundantdesign**
Testgeneration**
B.3.mMiscellaneous
B.4INPUT/OUTPUTANDDATACOMMUNICATIONS
B.4.0General
B.4.1DataCommunicationsDevices
Processors**
Receivers（e.g.,voice,data,image）**
Transmitters**
B.4.2Input/OutputDevices
Channelsandcontrollers
Dataterminalsandprinters
Imagedisplay
Voice
B.4.3Interconnections（Subsystems）
Asynchronous/synchronousoperation
Fiberoptics
Interfaces
ParallelI/O（NEW）
Physicalstructures（e.g.,backplanes,cables,chipcarriers）**
Topology（e.g.,bus,point-to-point）
B.4.4PerformanceAnalysisandDesignAids**（B.8）
Formalmodels**
Simulation**
Verification**
Worst-caseanalysis**
B.4.5Reliability,Testing,andFault-Tolerance**（B.8）
Built-intests**
Diagnostics**
Error-checking**
Hardwarereliability**
Redundantdesign**
Testgeneration**
B.4.mMiscellaneous
B.5REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVELIMPLEMENTATION
B.5.0General
B.5.1Design
Arithmeticandlogicunits
Controldesign
Data-pathdesign
Memorydesign
Styles（e.g.,parallel,pipeline,special-purpose）
B.5.2DesignAids
Automaticsynthesis
Hardwaredescriptionlanguages
Optimization
Simulation
Verification
B.5.3ReliabilityandTesting**（B.8）
Built-intests**
Error-checking**
Redundantdesign**
Testgeneration**
Testability**
B.5.mMiscellaneous
B.6LOGICDESIGN
B.6.0General
B.6.1DesignStyles
Cellulararraysandautomata
Combinationallogic
Logicarrays
Memorycontrolandaccess**
Memoryusedaslogic**
Parallelcircuits
Sequentialcircuits
B.6.2ReliabilityandTesting**（B.8）
Built-intests**
Error-checking**
Redundantdesign**
Testgeneration**
Testability**
B.6.3DesignAids
Automaticsynthesis
Hardwaredescriptionlanguages
Optimization
Simulation
Switchingtheory
Verification
B.6.mMiscellaneous
B.7INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS
B.7.0General
B.7.1TypesandDesignStyles
Advancedtechnologies
Algorithmsimplementedinhardware
Gatearrays
Input/outputcircuits
Memorytechnologies
Microprocessorsandmicrocomputers
Standardcells**
VLSI（verylargescaleintegration）
B.7.2DesignAids
Graphics
Layout
Placementandrouting
Simulation
Verification
B.7.3ReliabilityandTesting**（B.8）
Built-intests**
Error-checking**
Redundantdesign**
Testgeneration**
Testability**
B.7.mMiscellaneous
B.8PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY（C.4）（NEW）
B.8.0General（NEW）
B.8.1Reliability,Testing,andFault-Tolerance（NEW）
B.8.2PerformanceAnalysisandDesignAids（NEW）
B.8.mMiscellaneous（NEW）
B.mMISCELLANEOUS
Designmanagement
C.ComputerSystemsOrganization
C.0GENERAL
Hardware/softwareinterfaces
Instructionsetdesign（e.g.,RISC,CISC,VLIW）（REVISED）
Modelingofcomputerarchitecture（NEW）
Systemarchitectures
Systemsspecificationmethodology
C.1PROCESSORARCHITECTURES
C.1.0General
C.1.1SingleDataStreamArchitectures
Multiple-instruction-stream,single-data-streamprocessors（MISD）**
Pipelineprocessors**
RISC/CISC,VLIWarchitectures（NEW）
Single-instruction-stream,single-data-streamprocessors（SISD）**
VonNeumannarchitectures**
C.1.2MultipleDataStreamArchitectures（Multiprocessors）
Arrayandvectorprocessors
Associativeprocessors
Connectionmachines
Interconnectionarchitectures（e.g.,commonbus,multiportmemory,crossbarswitch）
Multiple-instruction-stream,multiple-data-streamprocessors（MIMD）
Parallelprocessors**
Pipelineprocessors**
Single-instruction-stream,multiple-data-streamprocessors（SIMD）
C.1.3OtherArchitectureStyles
Adaptablearchitectures
Analogcomputers（NEW）
Capabilityarchitectures**
Cellulararchitecture（e.g.,mobile）（REVISED）
Data-flowarchitectures
Heterogeneous（hybrid）systems（NEW）
High-levellanguagearchitectures**
Neuralnets
Pipelineprocessors（NEW）
Stack-orientedprocessors**
C.1.4ParallelArchitectures（NEW）
Distributedarchitectures（NEW）
Mobileprocessors（NEW）
C.1.mMiscellaneous
Analogcomputers**
Hybridsystems**
C.2COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS
C.2.0General
Datacommunications
OpenSystemsInterconnectionreferencemodel（OSI）
Securityandprotection（e.g.,firewalls）（REVISED）
C.2.1NetworkArchitectureandDesign
AsynchronousTransferMode（ATM）（NEW）
Centralizednetworks**
Circuit-switchingnetworks
Distributednetworks
Framerelaynetworks（NEW）
ISDN（IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork）
Networkcommunications
Networktopology
Packet-switchingnetworks（REVISED）
Storeandforwardnetworks
Wirelesscommunication（NEW）
C.2.2NetworkProtocols
Applications（SMTP,FTP,etc.）（NEW）
Protocolarchitecture（OSImodel）（REVISED）
Protocolverification
Routingprotocols（NEW）
C.2.3NetworkOperations
Networkmanagement
Networkmonitoring
Publicnetworks
C.2.4DistributedSystems
Client/server（NEW）
Distributedapplications
Distributeddatabases
Networkoperatingsystems
C.2.5LocalandWide-AreaNetworks（REVISED）
Accessschemes
Buses
Ethernet（e.g.,CSMA/CD）（NEW）
High-speed（e.g.,FDDI,fiberchannel,ATM）（NEW）
Internet（e.g.,TCP/IP）（NEW）
Tokenrings（REVISED）
C.2.6Internetworking（C.2.2）（NEW）
Routers（NEW）
Standards（e.g.,TCP/IP）（NEW）
C.2.mMiscellaneous
C.3SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS（J.7）
Microprocessor/microcomputerapplications
Processcontrolsystems
Real-timeandembeddedsystems（REVISED）
Signalprocessingsystems
Smartcards（NEW）
C.4PERFORMANCEOFSYSTEMS
Designstudies
Faulttolerance（NEW）
Measurementtechniques
Modelingtechniques
Performanceattributes
Reliability,availability,andserviceability
C.5COMPUTERSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATION
C.5.0General
C.5.1LargeandMedium（``Mainframe''）Computers
Super（verylarge）computers
C.5.2Minicomputers**
C.5.3Microcomputers
Microprocessors
Personalcomputers
Portabledevices（e.g.,laptops,personaldigitalassistants）（NEW）
Workstations
C.5.4VLSISystems
C.5.5Servers（NEW）
C.5.mMiscellaneous
C.mMISCELLANEOUS
D.Software
D.0GENERAL
D.1PROGRAMMINGTECHNIQUES（E）
D.1.0General
D.1.1Applicative（Functional）Programming
D.1.2AutomaticProgramming（I.2.2）
D.1.3ConcurrentProgramming
Distributedprogramming
Parallelprogramming
D.1.4SequentialProgramming
D.1.5Object-orientedProgramming
D.1.6LogicProgramming
D.1.7VisualProgramming
D.1.mMiscellaneous
D.2SOFTWAREENGINEERING（K.6.3）
D.2.0General（K.5.1）
Protectionmechanisms
Standards
D.2.1Requirements/Specifications（D.3.1）
Elicitationmethods（e.g.,rapidprototyping,interviews,JAD）（NEW）
Languages
Methodologies（e.g.,object-oriented,structured）（REVISED）
Tools
D.2.2DesignToolsandTechniques（REVISED）
Computer-aidedsoftwareengineering（CASE）
Decisiontables
Evolutionaryprototyping（NEW）
Flowcharts
Modulesandinterfaces
Object-orienteddesignmethods（NEW）
Petrinets
Programmerworkbench**
Softwarelibraries
Statediagrams（NEW）
Structuredprogramming**
Top-downprogramming**
升级会员 