Dickens Humanitarianism in A Tale of Two Cities狄更斯在《双城记》中的人道主义思想.docx

Dickens Humanitarianism in A Tale of Two Cities狄更斯在《双城记》中的人道主义思想.docx

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DickensHumanitarianisminATaleofTwoCities狄更斯在《双城记》中的人道主义思想

Dickens’HumanitarianisminATaleofTwoCities

Thesisstatement:

ThispaperdealswithCharlesDickens’humanitarianismbyanalyzingthecharactersinhisworksthroughcomparisonandcontrast.

Outline:

I.Introduction

A.CharlesDickensistheoutstandingrealisticnovelistinthe19thcentury.Hismainthemeishumanitarianism.

B.ATaleofTwoCitiesusestheFrenchRevolutionasthebackgroundanditreflectstheauthor’sattitudetotherevolutionandhishumanitarianism.

II.Theembodiment体现ofhumanitarianismonthecharacters人物inATaleofTwoCities

A.Thenovelexpressestheauthor’ssentimentalhumanitarianismonDr.Manettes’family.

1.Lucie,thegoldenthreadoflove,showsgreatlovetoherfamilymembersandotherpeople.

2.DoctorManette,thetypicalhumanitarian,loveshisdaughterandshowshissympathytotheordinarypeople.

3.CharlesDarnay,arebelaristocrat,showshissympathytoordinarypeople.

B.ThisnoveladvocatestheChristianloveandself-sacrifice自我牺牲.

C.Thisnovelalsocriticizestheviolenceandoppression暴力与镇压inthesociety.

1.TheMarquisofEvremondeandhisbrother,twocruelaristocrats,oppresspeopleseverely.

2.TheMr.andMrs.Defarges’,tworevolutionariesshowgreathatredtoallthearistocrats.

III.Conclusion:

Thisnovelexpressestheauthor’scapitalistichumanitarianism.Hethinksthatitisinevitablefortherevolutiontobreakout,buthedisagreeswiththecrueltyandviolenceintherevolution.Heisthecapitalisticreformistinthe19thcentury.

Dickens’HumanitarianisminATaleofTwoCities

Abstract:

CharlesDickensistheoutstandingrealisticnovelistinthe19thcentury.Andheisalsoahumanitarian.ThemainthemeofDickens’novelsisthehumanitarianismandmostofhisnovelsreflectthistheme.Duringallthesenovels,ATaleofTwoCitiesistherepresentativework.ItusestheFrenchRevolutionasthebackgroundanditreflectstheauthor’sattitudetotherevolution.Thispaperanalyzeshishumanitarianismfromthecharactersinthisnovel.Andaccordingtothecomparisonandcontrastofthecharacters,wecanseehishumanitarianismclearly.

Keywords:

Dickens;humanitarianism;ATaleofTwoCities

狄更斯在《双城记》中的人道主义思想

摘要：

狄更斯是19世纪杰出的批判现实主义小说家，他同时也是一个人道主义者。

他小说的主导思想是人道主义。

他的很多小说都表现了这一主题。

而在他的这些小说中，又以<<双城记>>为典型代表。

<<双城记>>是一部以法国大革命为背景的小说，它反映了作者对待革命和人性的看法。

本文从他小说中的各种人物分析了他的人道主义思想，通过小说中人物的对比，我们可以很明确地看出他的人道主义思想。

关键词：

人道主义;狄更斯;双城记

Dickens’HumanitarianisminATaleofTwoCities

I.Introduction

CharlesDickensisoneoftheoutstandingrealisticnovelistsinthe19thcentury.Hismainthemeishumanitarianism.Humanitarianism,asatrend,beginsfromtheRenaissanceanditbasesontheabstractanduniversalhumanity.Humanitariansstartfromhumanityandsetuptheirideologicalsystem.Sothestartpointisnotonlytheirbeginning,butalsotheirtheoreticalbasis.Thehumanitariansbelievethathumanbeingsareallkindandthemoralitycanbeimproved.Theyadvocatethathumanbeingsshouldusetheemotionandhumanitarianismastheweapontoeducatepeople.Andtheyunderstandthesocietyfromrationalityandemotion.AndDickens’humanitarianismsetsuponthehumanity,whichisalsohisstartpoint.Heemphasizesthe“humanlove”whichisoneofthemostimportantpoints.Hedoesnotagreewiththerevolution,whichhethinksiscruelandjustone-wayofhumanrevenge.Hedreamstousethemoralitytoeducatethesocietyandthenimprovethevillain.Wecananalyzehishumanitarianismaccordingtohisrepresentativework—ATaleofTwoCities.

ATaleofTwoCitiesisoneofDickens’seriousworks.ItusestheFrenchRevolutionasthebackgroundanditreflectstheauthor’sattitudetotherevolutionandhishumanitarianism.Thisworkembodiestheauthor’smaturethoughtanddeepthinking.TheauthorreviewsthereasonsoftheFrenchRevolutionfromtheviewpointofhumanitarianismtowarntherulersoftheEnglandinsuchaperiodwhenthesocialclassesconflictseriouslywitheachother.Ontheonehand,theauthorexpresseshisgreatangertoaristocrats,hissympathytothesufferingsofthepublicandtheinevitabilityandjusticefortherevolutiontobreakout;ontheotherhand,heusesthebloodyscenetodescribethecrueltyoftherevolution,andthefailuretoachievethepoorman’sidealwhichtherevolutionintendstopursue.Andthenitadvocatestheauthor’sopinionthathumanbeingsshouldusethekindnesstosolvetherealproblems,usethehumanityinsteadofcrueltyandhorrortoharmonizetheconflict,popularizetheeducationandimproveoursociety.Inthisnovel,theauthorportrayssometypicalcharactersthatembodytheauthor’sview.First,heportrayssomekind,uprightandhumanepersons,suchasDr.Manette,LucieManette,Mr.Lorry,etc.Butatthesametime,healsoportrayssomecruelandferociouspersons,suchastheMarquisofEvremondeBrothers,Mr.andMrs.Defarge.Heusesthesecharacterstomakeacontrast,whichclearlyexpresseshisview.

II．TheembodimentofhumanitarianismonthecharactersinATaleofTwoCities

A.Thisnovelexpressestheauthor’ssentimentalhumanitarianismonDrManette,hisdaughterLucieandhisson-in-lawCharlesDarnay.

Dickens’humanitarianismissentimental.Mostofhisworksaresentimentalwhichareexpressedbythesympathyandmercytotheordinaryman’sdestiny.InATaleofTwoCities,Dickens’capitalistichumanitarianismisembodiedonDr.Manetteandhisfamilymembers,thespecialcapitalisticfamily,intheperiodofFrenchRevolution.Beforetherevolution,theyarepersecutedbythearistocrats.Butwhentherevolutionbreaksout,theyalsosufferthehopelesssituation.Sowhentheytreatthisperiodandtherevolution,ontheonehand,theyhatethearistocratsandontheotherhand,theyareshamedtoassociatewiththeproletarians.Theyintendtoseekapeacefulandharmoniouslife,whichregardsloveastheirtieintherevolution.Thisfamilyembodiestheauthor’shumanitarianismverywell.

InATaleofTwoCities,Lucieistherepresentativeofthecapitalisticsentimentalfigures.First,shelinksthewholefamilywithlove.LikeMrs.Defarge,theirfamiliesarepersecutedbytheMarquisofEvremondandhisbrother,sotheyhavethesimilarsufferings.ButthemostdifferentthingisthatLucieisnotlikeMrs.Defarge.Sheisthegoldenthreadoflove,shelinksthetwohatefulfamiliestogether,whichsymbolizestheeffectsofdispellinghatredwithlove.Atthebeginningofthenovel,afteralongseparationwithherfather,Lucie,thefilialgirlnearlyfaintedwhensheknowsthatherfatherisstillalive.Andwhensheseesherfather,shefeelsverysurprisedandsad.Shelovesherfatherandwantstosharehissorrowandsufferings.Andhergoldencurlyhairrecalledherfather’smemory.Herfatherremembersheraccordingtothegoldenhair,andwhenthewhitehairandgoldenhairmingled,thiswarmsourreadersandevenlightsherfather,whichsymbolizesthefreedomofherfather.

Atlast,Lucieusesherlovetorecallherfather’sdeadheart,andshetakescareofherfatherindailylife,makesherfatherforgethispastlifeintheprisonandresumehislife,job,restandhappiness.

Sheisalsoavirtuouswife.ShearrangesthehouseworkwellwhentheyareinParis.Shelovesherhusband.Whensheknowsherhusbandisindanger,sheleavesEnglandandgoestoParistotryherbesttorescueherhusband,evenkneelsdowntoMrs.Defargetopleadforhermercy.WhenCharlesDarnayisarrestedagain,shegoestotheprisonandstandsthereeverydayfortwohoursforherhusbandtoseeher.Sheisanangel.Sheisfullofkindnessinherheart.Sheisthegoldenthreadoflovethatunitesthewholefamilywithlove.

Second,Lucienotonlylovesherfamilymembers,butalsoshowsgreatlovetootherpeople.WhenshegivesevidenceonthecourtwhereDarnayisontrialforthefirsttime,theyareonlystrangers,butLuciegivesgreatloveandsympathytothisstranger.Herappearancefullyproveshersympathy:

Hisdaughterhadoneofherhandsdrawnthroughhisarm,asshesatbyhim,andtheotherpresseduponit.Shehaddrawnclosertohim,inherdreadofthescene,andinherpityfortheprison.Herforeheadhadbeenstrikinglyexpressiveofanengrossingterrorandcompanionthatsawnothingbuttheperiloftheaccused.Thishasbeensoverynoticeable,soverypowerfulandnaturallyshown,thatstarerswhohadhadnopityforweretouchedbyher.（CharlesDickens,1994:

74）

AndwhenshehastosaysomethingdetrimentaltoCharlesDarnay,sheevencriesout,althoughheisastrangertoher.Andfromthesewecanseehowkindsheis.Sheismagic.Shehasgreatinfluenceonothers.AndtheauthoralsoemphasizesthischaracteristicofLucieonherattitudetoSydneyCarton.SydneyCartonisaclerkbutheisverygloomyinhisheart.Lucieknowsthisandsheisverysurprisedandsaddenedatthis.Thensheshowsgreatlovetohim.Whenshemarried,shetellsherhusbandtohelphim:

“IthinkCharles,PoorCartondeservesmoreconsiderationandrespectthanyouexpressedforhim,tonight.”

“Iwouldaskyou,dearest.Tobeverygenerouswithhimalwaysandverylenientonhisfaultswhenheisnotby.Iwouldaskyoutobelievethathehasaheartheveryveryseldomreveals,andthattherearewoundsinit.Mydear,Ihaveseenitbleeding.”

“Myhusband,itisso.Ifearheisnottobereclaimed,thereisscarcelyahopethatanythinginhischaracterorfortunesisreparablenow.ButI’msurethatheiscapableofgoodthings,gentlethings.Evenmagnanimousthings.”

“And,OMydearestlove!

Rememberhowstrongweareinourhappinessandhowweakheisinhismis