被动语态详解及分类练习包括句子翻译.docx

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被动语态详解及分类练习包括句子翻译.docx

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被动语态详解及分类练习包括句子翻译.docx

被动语态详解及分类练习包括句子翻译

一、被动语态

1)被动语态最基本的句型结构是:

be+Vp.p(及物动词过去分词)

be动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化

一、被动语态的用法:

  1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:

is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词

  Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

  Iamaskedtostudyhardbymymother.

  Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.

  2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:

was/were+及物动词的过去分词

  Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.

  Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.

  3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:

has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词

  Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

  Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.

  4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:

will+be+及物动词的过去分词

  Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.

  Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.

  5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:

情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

  Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.

  Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.

  Thedoormaybelockedinside.

  Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.

  6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:

am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词

  UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→

  MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.

  Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→

  

  7.不定式的被动语态:

to+be+及物动词的过去分词

  Therearetwobookstoberead.→

Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.

练习:

1.Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschoolyesterday.

A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells

2.Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChinaintenyears.

A.mustB.willbeC.hasD.have

3.Chinese_______bythelargestnumberofpeople.

A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken

4.Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.

A.isgoingtoberebuilt  B.willberebuild

C.aregoingtoberebuilt  D.willrebuild

5.Thecoat___hersister.

A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto

2)被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词

原则上,只有及物动词才有被动语态,但是,许多不及物动词加上介词或者副词,变成及物动词短语如lookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等,这时也可有被动语态。

此时应注意短语的整体性,即后面的介词或副词不要丢掉。

例如:

Weshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.

Oldpeople________________________politelybyus.

Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)

Thechildrenwill______________________________byher.

1.规则动词的过去分词

1)一般情况下栽动词原形后面加–ed

2)以不发音e结尾的加-d

3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y改i加-ed

4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母在家-ed

watch-watchedpractice-practiced

study-studiedstop-stopeed

2.不规则动词的过去分词

amhavedo-done

isbeenwrite-written

arehasgo-gone

3)被动语态的疑问式:

把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。

例如:

Wherecouldtheygrowthesevegetables?

(改为被动语态)

Where_____vegetables_________________?

【翻译练习】

1.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。

(welcom)

2.这次英语演讲比赛将会在下星期五举行。

(hold)

3.在过去五年里,他被认为是这个村里最有才华的年轻人。

(consider…as…)

4.Jim正在院子里修理他的自行车。

(repair)

5.就网球来说他还从来没有被别人打败过。

/他在网球上海从来没有遇到过对手。

(beat)

6.你不必把这封信打印出来。

(print)

7.据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。

8.据专家所说,所有的桥梁必须重建。

(rebuild)

 

3)在下列情况下,一般使用被动语态:

(1)表示"据说"或"相信"的词组,基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成。

例如:

  Itissaidthat…  据说  

Itisreportedthat…据报道   

Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信     

Itishopedthat… 大家希望

Itiswellknownthat…众所周知  

Itisthoughtthat… 大家认为

Itissuggestedthat… 据建议     

Itistakengrantedthat… 被视为当然 

Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定  

Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是

4)注意被动语态的几个特殊情况:

(1)带双宾语的两种被动语态形式:

①把指人的间接宾用作被动句的主语,如:

Shegavemeabook.

Iwasgivenabookbyher.

②把指物的直接宾语用作被动句的主语,此时,间接宾语前需加介词to或for,如:

Shegavemeabook.

Abookwasgiventomebyher.

Sheboughtmeapresent.

Apresentwasboughtformebyher.

Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)

Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.

(3)复合宾语的主动句在转换成被动句时,那些感官动词和使役动词如make,see,feel,hear等后所省略的动词不定式to需被还原。

例如:

Myteachermademedomyhomework.

Iwasmadetodomyhomeworkbymyteacher.

SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动语态)

He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.

5)主动形式表示被动意义

 1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。

例如:

  Thebooksellswell.  这本书销路好。

  Thisknifecutseasily. 这刀子很好用。

 2)need/want/require/worth

  当need,want,require,beworth后面接doing时,表示的是被动意义。

例如:

   Yourhairneedscutting.=Yourhairneedstobecut. 

   Theflowersrequirewatering.

6)被动形式表示主动意义,如bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried等。

例如:

  Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。

  注意:

表示同某人结婚,用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.均可。

例如:

  Hemarriedarichgirl.

  Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.

8)不宜使用被动语态的几种情况:

(1)有些动词如happen和动词短语如takeplace是没有被动语态的。

9)熟记教材中与被动语态相关的固定搭配和句型。

例如:

bemadeof/from/in/by,beusedfor/as等。

—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?

—Yes.It's______Shanghai.

A.madeof;madebyB.madeof;madein

C.madefor;madebyD.madefor;madein

10)被动语态的判断方法。

①当句中出现bysb,withsth短语时常使用被动语态,如:

Thedoorwaslockedbyme.

Theroadwascoveredwithsnow.

②及物动词之后没有宾语常需用被动语态,如:

I_____(ask)toanswerthequestion.

我们知道,ask是及物动词,其后必须接宾语。

但在此题中,ask之后并没有宾语。

这当然不是题目出错了,而是ask的宾语I已经到句首当主语——动作的承受者做主语,自然应使用被动语态:

Iwasaskedtoanswerthequestion.

③当主语和谓语动词之间形成逻辑上的被动关系时应使用被动语态,如上文所提到的句子“黑板已经擦过了”:

Theblackboard_______(clean).

“黑板”与“擦”之间的逻辑关系是:

“黑板”被“擦”,故应使用被动语态:

Theblackboardhasbeencleaned.

三.巩固练习

1.Shesaidthatthecar___________(use)thenextweek.

2.Thedeskmust____________(clean)onceaday.

3.Jiefangtrucks____________(make)inChangchun.

4.Apenisusedfor__________(write).

5.Allthatmust____________(do).

6.Theyfindituseful__________(learn)English.

7.Theradio__________(use)onceinaweekinourclass. It____________(notuse)yesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithit.

8.John____________(elect)presidentoftheclassinsteadofHarry.

【单项选择】

( )1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

( ) 2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

( )3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensang C.isoftensangD.isoftensung

( )4Thiskindofcar___inJapan. 

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

( )5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

( )6Ourroommust___clean. 

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

( )7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.

-I'msorry.___. A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

( )8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

( )9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

 A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

( )10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

( )11 Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.   willbepublished   B.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublished   D.hasbeenpublished

( )12Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

( )13Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwritten   B.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwritten    D.hasnotbeenwritten

( )14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

( )15-Myshoesarewornout.

A.Can'ttheybemended?

B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?

D.Can'ttheymended?

( )16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?

Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

( )17___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

( )18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetinghold  B.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameeting  D.ameetingwasn'theld

( )19Whowasthebook___?

 

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

【完整版练习】

( )1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

( ) 2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

( )3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensang C.isoftensangD.isoftensung

( )4Thiskindofcar___inJapan. 

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

( )5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

( )6Ourroommust___clean. 

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

( )7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.

-I'msorry.___. A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

( )8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

( )9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

 A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

( )10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

( )11 Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.   willbepublished   B.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublished   D.hasbeenpublished

( )12Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

( )13Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwritten   B.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwritten    D.hasnotbeenwritten

( )14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

( )15-Myshoesarewornout.

A.Can'ttheybemended?

B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?

D.Can'ttheymended?

( )16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?

Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

( )17___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

( )18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetinghold  B.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameeting  D.ameetingwasn'theld

( )19Whowasthebook___?

 

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

( )20Where___theseboxes

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am

( )21Theflowers___often.

A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater

( )22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.

A.bekept

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