新课标学年高中英语Unit1FriendshipSectionⅣGrammar直接引语与间接引语Ⅰ教案新人教版必修1.docx
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新课标学年高中英语Unit1FriendshipSectionⅣGrammar直接引语与间接引语Ⅰ教案新人教版必修1
SectionⅣ Grammar—直接引语与间接引语（Ⅰ）
[新知导引]
1．（教材P5）“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.”saidAnne.
→Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.
2．（教材P5）“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson？
”thewriterasksus.
→Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.
3．（教材P5）“Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight？
”FatheraskedAnne.
→FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.
4．Mymothersaid，“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”
→Mymothersaidafriendinneedisafriendindeed.
[语法详解]
一、直接引语和间接引语概述
*直接引用别人的原话就是直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
*间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
*直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
二、直接引语变为间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语时，应在时态、句式、代词、状语以及方向性动词等方面作一些必要的调整。
1．时态的变化
（1）直接引语变为间接引语时，引述动词如果用的是过去式，间接引语在时态方面要作相应的变化。
一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时，应分别改为一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
但如果直接引语中的时态是一般过去时，且和具体的过去时间状语连用时，时态无须变化。
Theysaid,“Ourparentsoftengoshoppingwithus.”
他们说：
“我们的父母经常和我们一起购物。
”
→Theysaidtheirparentsoftenwentshoppingwiththem.
他们说他们的父母经常和他们一起购物。
Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”
他说：
“你给我讲过这个故事。
”
→HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.
他说我给他讲过那个故事。
Tomsaid,“Iwasbornin1996.”
汤姆说：
“我生于1996年。
”
→Tomsaidthathewasbornin1996.
汤姆说他生于1996年。
（2）若引述动词用的是一般现在时，时态无须变化。
Hesays,“I'mtried.”
他说：
“我很累。
”
→Hesaysthatheistired.
他说他很累。
2．句式变化
（1）直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句（that可以省略）。
引述动词主要有say，tell，repeat，explain等。
Shesaid,“IliketowatchTV.”
她说：
“我喜欢看电视。
”
→ShesaidthatshelikedtowatchTV.
她说她喜欢看电视。
Hesaid,“Shecanswim.”
他说：
“她会游泳。
”
→Hesaidthatshecouldswim.
他说她会游泳。
（2）直接引语是一般疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语要变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句；直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句，注意宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
“Doyouknowtheman？
”heasked.
他问：
“你认识这个男人吗？
”
→Heaskedif/whetherIknewtheman.
他问我是否认识那个男人。
“Whatdoyoudointheevening？
”heasked.
他问：
“你晚上做什么？
”
→HeaskedmewhatIdidintheevening.
他问我晚上做什么。
3．代词变化：
指示代词：
this→that,these→those；人称代词要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化。
Hesaid,“IamgoingtoBeijingthisweek.”
他说：
“这周我要去北京。
”
→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijingthatweek.
他说那周他要去北京。
Thelittlegirltoldhim,“Ihaveseenthefilm.”
那个小姑娘告诉他：
“我已经看过那部电影了。
”
→Thelittlegirltoldhimshehadseenthefilm.
那个小姑娘告诉他，她已经看过那部电影了。
4．时间状语和地点状语的变化：
now→then，today→thatday，tonight→thatnight,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastweek→theweekbefore,ago→before,tomorrow→thenextday,nextweek→thenextweek,here→there。
Hesaid，“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”
他说：
“我十年前买了这所房子。
”
→Hesaidthathehadboughtthehouse10yearsbefore.
他说他十年前买了这所房子。
“Didyouseeherlastweek？
”heasked.
他问：
“你上周见到她了吗？
”
→HeaskedifIhadseenhertheweekbefore.
她问我前一周是否见到她了。
MrWangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth.”
王先生说：
“下个月我会去上海出差。
”
→MrWangsaidthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.
王先生说下个月他会去上海出差．
5．方向性动词的变化：
come→go,bring→take。
Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”
他说：
“我把它随身带回家。
”
→Hesaidhehadtakenithomewithhim.
他说他把它随身带回家。
注意：
间接引语中时态不变的用法
（1）直接引语如果是客观真理或自然现象时，时态不变。
“Theearthmovesaroundthesun，”saidtheteacher.
老师说：
“地球围绕太阳转。
”
→Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
老师说地球围绕太阳转。
（2）直接引语如果是习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或状态，时态不变。
“Mybrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike，”Jacksaid.
杰克说：
“我哥哥总是骑车上学。
”
→Jacksaidthathisbrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.
杰克说他哥哥总是骑车上学。
（3）如果间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍在继续，时态不变。
“MyparentsliveinShanghai，”saidLiHua.
李华说：
“我父母住在上海。
”
→LiHuasaidthathisparentsliveinShanghai.
李华说他父母住在上海。
考情分析
直接引语和间接引语是中学英语的重要语法，也是高考的重要考点，其热点考查内容是时态变化、语序变化等。
巧学助记
人称代词的变化规律：
（1）“一随主”：
直接引语中有第一人称代词时，变间接引语时应与引述部分主语保持一致。
（2）“二随宾”：
直接引语中有第二人称代词时，变间接引语时应与引述部分宾语保持一致。
（3）“三不变”：
直接引语中有第三人称代词时，变间接引语时无须变化。
即时训练
Ⅰ.改正间接引语中的错误
1．Hetoldme,“IwillgotoShanghai.”
HetoldmethathewillgotoShanghai.
will→would
2．Hesaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”
Hesaidthattheearthmovedaroundthesun.
moved→moves
3．Tomsaid,“Iwillgotoschooltomorrow.”
TomsaidIwouldgotoschoolthenextday.
I→he
4．Heaskedme,“DidyouleaveLondontwodaysago？
”
HeaskedmewhetherIhadleftLondontwodaysago.
ago→before
5.“Youmustcomeherebeforesix，”hesaid.
HesaidImustcometherebeforesix.
come→go
Ⅱ.将间接引语补充完整
1．Itoldhim,“IlostmymoneyandIwillfindit.”
→ItoldhimIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.
2．Thewomanaskedhim,“Whydoyouhavetosleepintheopenair？
”
→Thewomanaskedhimwhyhehadtosleepintheopenair.
3．“Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside？
”heaskedme.
→HeaskedmeifIhadeverbeentotheseaside.
4．Shesaid,“Iamcomingthisweek.”
→Shesaidthatshewascomingthatweek.
5．Hesaid,“Ineedaruler.”
→Hesaidthatheneededaruler.
Ⅲ.把下列直接引语变成间接引语
1．Hesaid,“IamlivinginLondonnow.”
HesaidthathewaslivinginLondonthen.
2．Shesaid,“Ihaven'theardfromhimsinceMay.”
Shesaidshehadn'theardfromhimsinceMay.
3．HesaidtoTom,“Icanhelpthem.”
HesaidtoTomthathecouldhelpthem.
4．Heaskedme,“Areyoufondoffootball？
”
HeaskedmeifIwasfondoffootball.
5．Shesaid,“I'llbringyouthisbooknextmonth.”
Shesaidshewouldbringmethatbookthenextmonth.
根据直接引语写出间接引语中谓语的正确形式
1．“Ididn'tmeantohurtyou，”saidmyfriendMary.
→MyfriendMarysaidshehadn'tmeanttohurtme.
2．Momasked,“Willyoustayathomealonethisweekend？
”
→MomaskedwhetherIwouldstayathomealonethatweekend.
3．Myfatherasked,“Whatdoyouwanttogetasapresentonyourbirthday？
”
→MyfatheraskedwhatIwantedtogetasapresentonmybirthday.
4．“Whatwillweeattoday？
”heaskedhismother.
→Heaskedhismotherwhattheywouldeatthatday.
5．“I'msureRobincanwinthematchtomorrow.”Tomsaidtome.
→TomsaidtomethathewassureRobincouldwinthematchthenextday.
6．“IwillgotoBeijingforameetingtomorrow，”myfathersaidtome.
→MyfathertoldmethathewouldgotoBeijingforameetingthenextday.
7．“Chinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld，”saidMrSmith.
→MrSmithsaidthatChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.
8．“Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear？
”Susanaskedherhusband.
→Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.
9．Motheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework？
”
→MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.
10．Hesays，“Iboughtyouabookyesterday.”
→Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.
课时作业（四） Unit1 SectionⅣ Grammar—直接引语与间接引语（Ⅰ）
Ⅰ.直接引语改成间接引语或间接引语改成直接引语
1．Mysistersaidtome,“Iwillcomeherenextweek.”
→Mysistertoldmethatshewouldgotherethenextweek.
2．“Howareyoufeelingnow？
”thedoctoraskedhim.
→Thedoctoraskedhimhowhewasfeelingthen.
3．“Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestrestaurant？
”thewomanaskedthepoliceman.
→Thewomanaskedthepolicemanif/whetherhecouldtellherhowtogettothenearestrestaurant.
4．“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon，”theteachersaidtous.
→Theteachertoldusthatthesunisbiggerthanthemoon.
5．MrSmithaskedMaryifshewouldgooutwithhimthatnight.
→“Willyougooutwithmetonight，Mary？
”saidMrSmith.
6．ShetoldmethatshewouldflytoLondonthenextday.
→Shesaidtome.“IwillflytoLondontomorrow.”
7．Thewomanaskedhimwhyhehadtosleepintheopenair.
→Thewomansaidtohim,“Whydoyouhavetosleepintheopenair？
”
8．HeaskedmeifIhadvisitedBeijingtwoyearsbefore.
→“DidyouvisitBeijingtwoyearsago？
”heaskedme.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Ioncehadafriendthatwasdiagnosedwithterminalcancer,andthenewsthathemightonlyhavesixmonthstolivewasagreatshocktohim,hisfamily,andhisfriends.However,inspiteoftheseriousillness,hewasinitiallydeterminedtolookintoallavailabletreatmentsthatmightcureorextendhislife.Ithinkthatwhenyoufindyourselfinsuchsituations,youtendtolookupeverypossiblewayforhopeofsavingyourlife.
Asmonthswentonandhishealthgrewworse,Inoticedanunexpectedchangeinattitudethatcameoverhim.Hehadalsobeenahappypersonwithacheerfulpersonality,butratherthangiveintodiscouragementandselfpity,hetookcomfortinGodandhumanity.Histalksfocusedonothersratherthanhimself,andhespokeoftheafterlifeassomethinghewaspreparedfor,believingthathisconcernedancestors,includinghismotherandfather,weretherewaitingforhim.
Duringthelastfewmonths,weeks,anddaysofhislife,hewaskindlycaredforbyfamily,friends,hislovingwife,whoattendedtobothhisphysicalandemotionalneeds,andworkersfromalocalhospice（安养院）cametothehometoregulatehismedicationandprovideanyotherneededsupport.Hedidn'tcomplainabouthisfate,andhewillinglyallowedotherstoservehim.
Indeed,onemightthinkwhyGodallowsdeathandsufferinginourworld,butforme,suchexperiencestaughtmetovaluefamilymoreandbekindtoothers.Youoftencan'tlearntheseimportantattributesinthelapofluxury,andperhaps,suchanexperienceisthegreatestandfinalgifttheillnesscangivethoseleftbehind.
【语篇解读】 “我”的一位老朋友被诊断出患了癌症并已是晚期，医生说他只能活几个月了。
从他的身上，“我”对人生有了新的认识，那就是珍惜亲情、重视友谊等。
1．Whichwordcanbestdescribetheman'sinitialreactionassoonashewasdiagnosedwithcancer?
A．Satisfied. B．Surprised.
C．Terrified.D．Confused.
答案与解析：
B 细节理解题。
根据首句中的“shock”可知本题选B。
2．Whatdidthemandoafterhefirstlearnedofhisillness?
A．Hewasoperatedonimmediately.
B．Heretiredfromhisjob.
C．Heresearchedcancertreatments.
D．Hefeltsad,doingnothing.
答案与解析：
C 细节理解题。
由第一段中的第二句“However....extendhislife.”可知本题选C。
3．Whatwastheman'smainsourceofcomfortafterseveralmonthswiththedisease?
A．Hisfamilyandfriends.
B．Hisbeliefinhumanity.
C．Hisdoctors'encouragement.
D．Thecarefromothers.
答案与解析：
B 细节
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