湖北省咸宁市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题.docx

湖北省咸宁市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题.docx

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湖北省咸宁市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

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湖北省咸宁市2018-2019学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

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一、阅读理解

APrivateDayTripinWuhanandYinshuiCave

Trip.comisyourreliableguidetoawonderfultravel.AllowustotakeyouaroundsomeofthefantasticviewsoftheWorld.CheckoutTrip.comtogiveyourselfthecompletepicture!

Tour1TheYellowCraneTower

At8:

00am,yourguidewillmeetyouatyourhotelandyouwillbetransferredbytheprivatevehicletotheYellowCraneTower.

TheYellowCraneTowerisregardedasthesymbolofWuhancity,locatedontheSnakeHillinWuchang,whichisoneofthe“ThreeFamousTowersSouthofYangtzeRiver”.YoumayclimbuptothetowerandenjoypanoramicviewoftheYangtzeRiver.

Tour2HubeiProvincialMuseum

Ifyoulikehistory,thisisthebestplacetovisit.Itisthecenterforcollecting,studying,preservinganddisplayinghistoricalandculturalrelicsinHubei.

Theserelicsprovidepreciousmaterialdataforstudyingthedevelopmentofhistory,culture,art,scienceandmusicinancientChina.ThemostimportantistheSerialBellsshow.

Tour3YinshuiCaveGeopark

Afterthelunch,youwilltakeaprivatevehicleforabout1.5hourstoLiujiaqiaoVillagefirstlythatislivingareaforover9000villagers,andtheirancestorswerefromtheroyalfamilyofHanDynasty2000yearsago.Afterwardsyouwillvisitthelastspot,theYinshuiCaveGeopark.This5180-metercavehastwoundergroundrivers,andthereareimpressivestalagmite,stalactite,waterfall,androcksetcinthecave.LateryouwillbetransferredbacktoyourhotelinWuhanwherethisdaytourconcludes.

PriceIncludes

Professionalguide

Transportbyprivatevehicle

Bottledwater

PriceExcludes

Travelinsurance

Breakfasts,lunchesandsuppers

Tipsorgratuitiesforguideanddriver

1．IfyouareinterestedinknowingaboutChinesemusicalinstruments,youmayvisit________.

A.HubeiProvincialMuseumB.TheYellowCraneTower

C.TiujiaqiaoVillageD.YinshuiCaveGeopark

2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthetravelingexpenses?

A.tourguideB.drinkingwater

C.freemealD.privatevehicle

3．Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?

A.inanovelB.ontheinternet

C.onTVD.inareport

WhenIwas12yearsold,Ialreadyknewthatmyteenyearsweregoingtobetheworstyearsofmylife.Iwasatotaloutsiderandbullied（欺凌）atschool.Ifeltcompletelyaloneinmysmalltown.

ButbystartingtodovolunteerworkwhenIwas14,Iturnedmyproblemintoapassionforhelpingothers.Theopportunitytopracticekindnessmademefeellikemylifehadagreaterpurpose.ThemorepositiveenergyIshared,themorekindnessandappreciationIreceived.Irealizedthatmypurposeinlifewouldbetoreachouttopeople,specificallyteenagers,andhelpthemfeellessalone.

Booksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwassothankfulthattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.OneofmybiggestdreamswastobecomeanauthorsoIcouldwritebooksthatwouldhelpotherteenagersthewaythosebookshelpedme.

Aftersurvivingterribleexperiencesatschoolandathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,positiveroadinthenextstepsofmyjourney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefortheauthorsIloved,iswhatIamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafull-timeauthorofteennovelssince2007andamgratefulforthisamazingopportunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.

KindnesssavedmewhenIneededhelpthemost.Evensmallactsofkindnesscanchangesomeone’slife.Youneverknowwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Butbypracticingdailykindness,youbecomeanarchitectofpositivechange.

4．Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhewas12yearsold?

A.Hetookpartinvolunteerwork.B.Hedroppedoutofschool.

C.Hebecameafull-timewriter.D.Hesufferedschoolbullying.

5．Whatdidtheauthorgainthroughthevolunteerwork?

A.Itmadehimpopularinhistown.

B.Ithelpedhimmakemorefriends.

C.Ithelpedhimunderstandthemeaningoflife.

D.Ithelpedtoshapehisdreamcareer.

6．Whydidtheauthorchoosewritingashiscareer?

A.Hewasinspiredbyotherteenagers.

B.Hewantedtomakeapositivedifferencetothelivesofteenagers.

C.Hewantedtobecomefamous.

D.Hefoundhehadatalentforwriting.

7．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Say“no”tobulliesbravelyB.Myloveforbooks

C.ThepowerofkindnessD.Mydreamforwriting

Constantworryandtensioncancauseonetosufferhairloss.Itwouldmakesensethatifitcancausethisproblem,perhapsitalsomaycontributetograying.However,thereisnosoundevidencetosupportthis.Mainfactorsingrayhairwerethoughttobeage,stress,environmentandimproperdiet.

Inaddition,geneticsisaverypowerfulfactor,ifoneofyourparentsturnsgrayatanearlyage,thereisagoodchancethatyouwilltoo.TheteamledbyProfessorAndresRuiz-LinaresatUniversityCollegeLondonanalyzedDNAsamplesofmorethan6,000volunteersinBrazil,Colombia,Chile,MexicoandPeru.ItidentifiedagenecalledIRF4thatisresponsibleforgrayhair.Hesaidthemostimportantreasonsforgrayhairaregenesratherthanotherinfluences.Thisnewfoundgenemeansthatpreventingorevenreversinggrayhairisnowapossibility.

Butmostscientiststhinkthattheanswerforgrayhaircomesfromthecellsinyourhair.Thesearewhatdeterminethecolorand,eventually,thefadetogrey.Yourhairismadeupofcellscalledmelanocyteswhichproducepigments（色素）astheygrowintothehairfiber.Ourhaircolorisdeterminedbytheamountofmelanin（黑色素）inourbody.Themoremelaninapersonhas,thedarkerhisorherhaircolor.

Therearetwodifferenttypesofmelanins:

eumelanins（真黑色素）andpheomelanins（类黑色素）.Theformerproducesblackandbrownpigments,whilethelatterproducesredandyellowpigments.Theexactamountofthesepigmentsdetermineswhetherapersonhasblack,brown,blondeoryellowhair.Asweage,theabilityofthemelanocytestoproducemorepigmentsweakens.

Scientistsarecontinuingtotryandfindwaystopreventgrayinghair.AteamofscientistsinFranceisworkingtotryandstopthemelanocytesfrombeingdamagedattheendofeachhaircycle.Theyaretryingtouseaspecialenzymetoprotectthecellsfromdamage.Ifsuccessful,itcouldleadthewayfornewproductsthatkeepourlocksfullofcolorforyearstocome.

8．WhatmightplaythemostimportantroleinthegrayingprocessaccordingtoAndresRuiz-Linares?

A.geneticsofhumanbeings

B.constantworryandtension

C.theamountoffoodpeopleeatandlivingenvironment

D.theamountofpigment

9．Whatdoweknowaboutyellowhair?

A.Itwillturnblackaspeoplegetolder.

B.Theamountofpigmentsinitdoesn’tchangeovertime.

C.Itcontainsmorepheomelaninsthaneumelanins.

D.Peoplewithyellowhairhaveweakerabilitytoproducepigments.

10．WhatdothescientistsfromFranceaimtodo?

A.Torepairdamagedhairs.

B.Toshortenthehaircycle.

C.Toprotecthaircellsagainstdamage.

D.Tostudytherelationshipbetweenhealthandhaircolor.

11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“locks”inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto?

A.melanocytesB.hairs

C.cellsD.pigments

Artificialintelligenceissettobenefitmankindinmanyways.Itwillmakeeverydaytaskseasierandbringefficiencytovariousindustries.Itmightjustprovetobeoneofman’sgreatestinventions.Andyet,likeanyothertechnology,AIwillalsobringrisksanddangers.WhenpeoplementionthatAIcouldbedangerous,mostpeoplethinkofscenariosfrommoviesorbookswhereanAIprogramdecidestoeliminateorconquerallhumans.

InFebruary2018,agroupofAIexpertsgottogethertodiscussthepotentialmisuseofAI.TheirmainconcernwasthatcriminalscoulduseAIforavarietyofevilpurposes.SomeonecanuseAItocreatewebsitesthatcouldbeusedtostealpeople’spersonalinformation.Anotherpotentialriskisfasterhacking—AIprogramscouldbetaughttofindloopholesinsoftwareandbreakintosecurecomputersystems.Someoftheriskswereasdramaticastheonesweseeinbooksandmovies.Forexample,theexpertsmentionedautomatedterrorism（自动化的恐怖主义）byusingdronesorunmannedvehiclesasweapons.RemoteattacksusingsuchdevicescouldbemadeeasierthroughtheuseofAI.

Andfinally,thereweresomeconcernsonthefactthatAIcanmimicvoicesaswell.LastyearUSfilmmakerJordanPeeleteamedupwithBuzzFeedwebsitetomakeamovieusingAItechniquestocopyformerUSpresidentBarackObama’svoice.They“had”himvoicehisopinionsonthe2017movieBlackPantherandcurrentUSPresidentDonaldTrump.WhileinChina,techgiantBaidu,hasalsodevelopedaprogramcalledDeepVoicethatcan“copy”anyone’svoicebyanalyzinga3.7-secondaudiosample.

FamousBritishphysicistStephenHawkingeventhoughtAIcouldbetheworsteventinthehistoryofourcivilization.“Oncehumansdevelopartificialintelligence,itwilltakeoffandredesignitselfatanalarmingrate.Humanscouldn’tcompeteandwouldbesuperseded,hetoldtheBBC．However,Hawkingsuggested“IbelievewecancreateAIforthegoodoftheworld.Wesimplyneedtobeawareofthedangers,identifythem,employthebestpossiblepracticeandmanagement,andprepareforitsconsequenceswellinadvance.”

Actually,AItechnologyismakinggreatprogressintermsofthethree-stagedevelopmentofartificialintelligence.ItisunlikelythatfullydevelopingAIwouldmakeithardformankindtosurvive.Afterall,withouthumanintelligence,AIcannotevendevelopitself,letalonerep