学年高二牛津译林版必修5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷含答案及解析.docx

学年高二牛津译林版必修5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷含答案及解析.docx

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学年高二牛津译林版必修5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷含答案及解析

2019学年高二牛津译林版必修5第3单元单元综合测评英语卷【含答案及解析】

姓名___________班级____________分数__________

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一、阅读理解

1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

Energygoesfromoneplantoranimaltoanother.Afoodchainshowshowthisenergymoves.Eachtimeananimalgetseaten,itsenergyispassedontotheanimalthateatsit.Thefoodchainisveryimportantbecauseitkeepsthebalanceofnature.Ifonepartofthefoodchaindisappears,itcanaffectalltheotherplantsandanimals.Anythreattothefoodchainisathreattotheenvironment’sbiodiversity（生物多样性）.Thefoodchainhelpskeepanimalpopulationsinbalance.However,ifsomethinghappenstodamageoneofthelinksinthefoodchain,thatbalanceisbroken.Ifoneanimalbecomesendangered,itputsalltheanimalsaboveitatrisk.

Someofthethreatsarenatural,suchaswildfires,hurricanes,tornados,floodsandsoon.Butthebiggestthreatstothefoodchaincomefromyouandme.Thesethreatsincludeoverfishing,logging,farming,development,pollution,etc.Thefoodchainisendangeredanywherehumanshavehadaneffectonthenaturalenvironment.

ArecentstudyshowsthattheoverfishingoflargesharksisdamagingthefoodchainalongtheUSAtlanticcoast.CanadianandAmericanscientistssaysharksarebeingkilledingreatnumbersfortheirmeatandfins（鳍）.Now,notenoughsharksarearoundtoeatthecownoseray.Theray’spopulationhasincreasedandtheyhaveeatenuptheshellfishtothepointwhereithashurtcommercial（商业的）fishing.

Manyofusdisturbthenaturalenvironmentinourownbackyards.It’suptoustotakecareoftheenvironmentandtrynottodisruptthenaturalfoodchain.Ifwedon’tactresponsibly,animalswillstartdisappearing.

1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

A.Thefoodchainisnoteasytobebroken.

B.Theenergyofananimalusuallydisappearswhenitdies.

C.Increasingthelinkswillnotbreakthebalanceofnature.

D.Breakingthefoodchainisbadforthebiodiversityoftheenvironment.

2.ThestudymentionedinParagraph3provesthat.

A.humanactivitiescanbeabigthreattothefoodchain

B.weareallresponsibleforthebreakingofthefoodchain

C.naturaldisastersarehardtobreakthefoodchain

D.huntinglargesharksformeatisbeneficial

3.Wecaninferthatthewriterwrotethispassagemainlyto.

A.explainwhatthefoodchainis

B.tellussomethinginterestingaboutnature

C.suggestthatwestopeatingmeattosaveanimals

D.suggestthatweshouldnotdisruptthenaturalfoodchain

2.阅读理解。

Oneday,Ireceivedacallfromacolleague.Hewasabouttogiveastudentazeroforhisanswertoaphysicalproblem,whilethestudentclaimedaperfectscore.Iwaselectedastheirarbiter（仲裁人）.Ireadtheexaminationproblem,“Showhowitispossibletodeterminetheheightofatallbuildingwiththeaidofabarometer（气压计）.”Thestudenthadanswered,“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuilding,attachalongropetoit,lowerittothestreet,andthenbringitupandmeasurethelengthoftherope.Thelengthofitistheheightofthebuilding.”

Thestudenthadreallyansweredthequestioncompletely,buttheanswerdidn’tconfirmhiscompetenceinphysics.Isuggestedthestudenttryagain.Igavehimsixminutestoanswerthequestion,warningthattheanswershouldshowsomeknowledgeofphysics.Fiveminuteslater,hesaidhehadmanyanswersanddashedoffone,whichread“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuildingandleanovertheedgeoftheroof.Dropthebarometer,timingitsfallwithastopwatch,thenusethephysicalformula（公式）tocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.”

Atthispoint,mycolleaguehadtoacceptit,andthenthestudentmadealmostfullmarks.Icouldn’thelpaskingthestudentwhattheotheranswerswere.Helistedmanyothers,andthenadded,“Probablythebestoneistotakethebarometertotheadministratorandsaytohim,‘Sir,hereisafinebarometer.Ifyoutellmetheheightofthebuilding,Iwillgiveittoyou.’”

Then,Iaskedthestudentifhereallydidnotknowtheconventionalanswertothisquestion.Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothink.

ThenameofthestudentwasBohrwholaterwasfamousallovertheworld.HewontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1922.

1.Thestudentgotazeroatthebeginningbecause.

A.theteacherwasn’tsatisfiedwithhim

B.hisanswerwasn’tcompleteorcorrect

C.theteacherdidn’tfullyunderstandhisanswer

D.hisanswerdidn’tshowhisknowledgeofphysics

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat.

A.thestudentknewtheexpectedanswer

B.theadministratortoldBohrtheheight

C.theauthorpreferredBohr’slastanswer

D.theteacherwasaverystubbornperson

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.instructorscanteachstudentshowtothink

B.arbiterscanhelpstudentstogethighscores

C.studentsshouldbegivenmorefreedominthinking

D.teachersshouldmakestudentsusephysicalformulas

4.WhatwasBohr’sattitudetowardhisschooling?

A.Optimistic._________B.Critical.

C.Approving.____________________D.Pessimistic.

3.阅读理解。

Oneinfivepeoplecarrya“smartgene”variant（变体）linkedtolonglifespan,biggerforebrainsandenhancedmentalability,researchershavefound.

“We’veknownforalongtimethatpeoplelosecognitive（认知）abilitiesastheyage,butnowwe’rebeginningtounderstandthatfactorslikeKLOTHOcangivepeopleaboostinaging.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldhelpuspredictbrainhealthandfindwaystoprotectpeoplefromthediseasesthathappentousaswegrowold,likeAlzheimer’sdisease（老年痴呆症）,”saidseniorauthor,DenaDubalofUniversityofCalifornia.

TheKLOTHOgeneaffectsaproteinfoundinthekidneysandthebrainthatregulatesmanydifferentbodyprocesses.Aboutoneinfivepeoplecarryasinglecopyofthevariant,knownasKL-VS,whichboostslevelsoftheproteinandisassociatedwithalongerlifespanandimprovedheartandkidneyfunction.Asmallminority,3%ofthepopulation,hastwocopies,whichislinkedtoashorterlifespan.

Inthenewstudyscientistsscannedthebrainsof422menandwomenaged53andoverwhowerealsotestedfortheKLOTHOgene.TheyfoundthatparticipantswithasinglecopyofthegenevariantalsohadalargerbrainregionknownasRDLPFC,whichisespeciallylikelytoshrinkwithage.Lossofneuronsinthisareamaybeonereasonwhyolderpeoplearesometimeseasilydistractedandfinditdifficulttodomorethanonetaskatthesametime.

ResearcherDrJenniferYokoyamasaid,“ThebrainregionenhancedbygeneticvariationinKLOTHOisvulnerable（脆弱的）inagingandsomementaldisease.Inthiscase,biggersizemeansbetterfunction.ItwillbeimportanttodeterminewhetherthestructureincreaseassociatedwithcarryingonecopyofKL-VScanoffsetthecognitive（认知的）shortagecausedbydisease.”

PeoplewhohaveonecopyofavariantKL-VStendtolivelongerandhavelowerchancesofsufferingastroke（中风）,whereaspeoplewhohavetwocopiesmayliveshorterlivesandhaveahigherriskofstroke.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

A.People’scognitiveabilitiesdonotdeclineifpeoplehaveKLOTHO.

B.WiththeclearunderstandingofKLOTHO,Alzheimer’sdiseasecanbecurednow.

C.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldbehelpfulintreatingmentaldiseaseinelderlypeople.

D.GeneticvariationinKLOTHOcouldleadpeopletosufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease.

2.Ifapersoncarriestwocopiesofthegenevariant,he/shemay.

A.havebetterkidneyfunction

B.haveashorterlifespan

C.haveahigherleveloftheproteininhis/herbody

D.sufferfromsomecognitivedisease

3.Thereasonwhyolderpeople’sattentioniseasilydistractedmaybethat.

A.theyhavefewerneuronsintheRDLPEC

B.theirbrainregionistoolarge

C.theyhavetwocopiesofthegenevariant

D.theyhavemoreneuronsintheRDLPEC

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Prevent.________________________B.Balance.

C.Keep._________________________________D.Promote.

4.阅读理解。

AlibabastartedtakingtheleadinChinabyconnectingbigChinesemanufacturers（制造商）withbigbuyersacrosstheworld.Itsbusiness-to-businesssite,Aallowedbusinesstobuyalmosteverything.Alibaba’sadvantagewasn’thardtojudge:

size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.Itsmarketattracts231millionactivebuyers,8millionsellers,11.3billionordersayear—andAlibabaisjustthemiddleman.Itencouragespeopletouseitsmarkets—notchargingsmallsellersapercentageofthesale.

IfyouwantaquicklookintotheinfluenceofAlibabaondailyChineselife,takemyexperience.ImovedtoBeijingayearagoandquicklygottiredofvisitingsmallstoresacrossthecrowded,pollutedcityof20millionpeopleinsearchofnewelectronics,bathroomfurnishings,andanythingelsemywifewanted.“You’relookingforwhatexactly?

Whynottryit?

”myChineseteacheraskedmeoneday.Withthat,mywonderfulnewrelationshipwithAlibababegan.

Alibaba’soriginalbusiness-to-businessmodelnowissecondtoconsumerbuying.Chineseretail（零售）buyingmakesup80%ofAlibaba’sprofit,andleadingthatgroupisTaobao,with800millionitemsforsaleandthemostunbelievableselectionofthingsyou’lleverfind.TisAlibaba’sanotherbigsite,whereyoucanfindbrandnamegoodsfromNikeandUnilevernearthelowestprices.

WhatIhaveahardtimeexplainingtofriendsandfamilybackintheU.S.ishowChinahasgonebeyondtraditionalshopping—big-boxretailersespecially—infavourofonlinepurchasesonTaobaoandafewothersites.InsmallertownsthanBeijing,wherebigretailershavenotyettraveled,shoppingonlineisshopping,and