Pathological test.docx

Pathological test.docx

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Pathologicaltest

Pathologicaltest

I.Atypequestion

Directions:

Eachquestionbelowcontainsfivesuggestedanswers.Choosetheonebestresponsetoeachquestion.

1.Whichoneofthelistedstatementsisthebesthistologicdefinitionofanabscess?

a.Acircumscribedcollectionofneutrophilswithnecroticcellulardebris

b.Alocalizesdefectthatresultsfromthesloughingofnecroticinflammatorytissuefromthesurfaceofanorgan

c.Alocalizedproliferationoffibroblastsandsmallbloodvessels

d.Anaggregateoftwoormoreactivatedmacrophage

e.Theexcessivesecretionofmucusfromamucosalsurface

2.Whichoneofthelistedstatementsbestdescribestheprocesscalledchemotaxis?

a.Abnormalfusionofphagosomestoprimarylysosomes

b.Attachmentofchemicalstoextracellularmaterialtoincreasephagocytosis

c.Dilationofbloodvesselsbychemotherapeuticdrugs

d.Movementofcellstowardacertainsiteorsource

e.Transmigrationofcellsfrombloodvesselsintotissue

3.Thecardinalsignofinflammationcalledruborismainlytheresultof

a.Decreasedinterstitialhydrostaticpressure

b.Decreasedvascularpermeabilityofcapillaries

c.Increasedvascularpermeabilityofvenules

d.Vasoconstrictionofmusculararteries

e.Vasodilationofarterioles

4.Duringtheearlystagesoftheinflammatoryresponse,histamine-inducedincreasedvascularpermeabilityismostlikelytooccurin

a.Arteries

b.Precapillaryarterioles

c.Capillaries

d.Postcapillaryvenules

e.Veins（answer:

d）

5.Duringacuteinflammation,histamine-inducedincreasedvascularpermeabilitycausestheformationofexudates（inflammatoryedema）.Whichoneofthelistedcelltypesisthemostlikelysourceofthehistamine?

a.Endothelialcells

b.Fibroblasts

c.Lymphocytes

d.Mastcells

e.Neutrophils

6.Histologicsectionsoflungtissuefroma68-year-oldfemalewithcongestiveheartfailureandprogressivebreathingproblemsrevealnumeroushemosiderin-ladencellswithinthealveoli.Theses“heartfailurecells”originatefromalveolar

a.Endothelialcells

b.Eosinophils

c.Lymphocytes

d.Macrophages

e.Pneumocytes

7.Bydefinition,granulomasarecomposedof

a.Chronicabscess

b.Collagen

c.Endothelialcellsandfibroblasts

d.Macrophagesorepithelioidcells

e.Hemosiderin-ladenmacrophages

8.Whichoneofthelistedchangescorrectlydescribesthepathophysiologyinvolvedintheproductionofpulmonaryedemainpatientswithcongestiveheartfailure?

a.Decreasedplasmaoncoticpressure

b.Endothelialdamage

c.Increasedhydrostaticpressure

d.Increasedvascularpermeability

e.Lymphaticobstruction（answer:

c）

9.Apostmortemclotismostlikelyto

a.Grosslydisplayfeaturesofrecanalization

b.GrosslyhavelinesofZahn

c.Grosslyhavetheappearanceof“chickenfat”overlying‘currantjelly”

d.Microscopicallyappearattachedtothewallofthebloodvessel

e.Microscopicallyhavealternatinglayersofcellsandplatelets

10.Whatisthemostcommonsiteoforiginofthromboticpulmonaryemboli?

a.Deeplegveins

b.Lumenofleftventricle

c.Lumenofrightventricle

d.Mesentericveins

e.Superficiallegveins

11.Themostseriouscommoncomplicationoflowerextremitythrombophlebitisis

a.Cerebralinfarction

b.Kidneyinfarction

c.Myocardialinfarction

d.Pulmonaryinfarction

e.Intestinalinfarction

12.Whatisthemostcommoncauseofchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease?

a.Pneumoconiosis

b.Pneumonia

c.Intestitiallungdiseases

d.Chronicbronchitis

e.Pulmonarytuberculosis

13.Ofthetumorsoftheliverlistedbelow,whichisthemostcommon?

a.Hepatocellularcarcinoma

b.Angiosarcoma

c.Cholangiocarcinoma

d.Hamartoma

e.Hemangioma

14.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommontypeofbreastcarcinoma?

a.Intraductal

b.Medullary

c.Papillary

d.Mucinous

e.Infiltratingductal

15.Fluidthatcollectsduringacuteinflammationandthathasaproteincontentinexcessof3.0g/dlandaspecificgravityover1.015istermed

a.Exudate

b.Transudate

c.Coagulation

d.Lymphokine

e.Hemorrhage

16.Themostimportantprognosticfactorforhumancanceristhe

a.Grade

b.Stage

c.Lymphocyticinfiltration

d.Vascularinvasion

e.Mitoticindex

17.Theclassiclesionofrheumaticheartdiseaseis

a.Mallory’sbody

b.Aschoffbody

c.Psammomabody

d.Negribody

e.Anitschkow’smyocyte

18.Whichofthefollowinginfectionsisoftenthecauseofinterstitialpneumonia?

a.Gram-positivebacterial

b.Gram-negativebacterial

c.Viral

d.Fungal

e.Parasitic

19.Gastriccarcinomaismostcommoninwhichoneofthelistedsitelocations

a.pyloricantrum

b.pyloricantrumandlessercurvature

c.lessercurvature

d.greatercurvature

e.fundue

20.Whichoftheflowingsitesisthemostcommonofchronicgastriculcer?

a.pyloricantrum

b.pyloricantrumandlessercurvature

c.lessercurvature

d.greatercurvature

e.fundue

21.Whichoneofthelistedisthemostcommoncomplicationofchronicpepticulcer?

a.hemorrhage

b.perforation

c.pyloricstenosis

d.malignanttransformation

e.hypertrophicgastritis

22.Themostseriouscomplicationofchronicpepticulceris

a.hemorrhage

b.perforation

c.pyloricstenosis

d.malignanttransformation

e.hypertrophicgastritis

23.Whichoneofthelistedisthemostcommonpathologicaltyprofearlygastriccarcinoma?

a.protrudedtype,Itype

b.supperficialelevatedtype,IIatype

c.superficialflattype,IIbtype

d.superficialdepressedtype,IIctype

e.excavatedtype,IIItype

24.Afactorthatstimulatestheproliferationofsmooth-musclecellsandalsorelatestothepathogenesisofatherosclerosisis

a.Platelet-derivedgrowthfactor

b.Transforminggrowthfactorβ

c.Interleukin1

d.Interferonα

e.Tumornecrosisfactor（Theanswerisa）

25.Themostcharacteristicandfrequentfeatureofchronicrheumaticheartdiseaseisthedevelopmentof

a.Vegetationsontheendocardium

b.Ashoffbodieswithinthemyocardium

c.Fibrindepositswithinthepericardium

d.Stenosisofthemitralvalve

e.Incompetenceofthepulmonicvalve

26.Histologicalsections（routineH&Estain）oflungrevealthealveolitobefilledwithpale,nongranularpinkfluid.Neitherleukocytesnorerythrocytesarepresentwithinthisfluid.Whatisthemostlikely（i.e.,mostcommon）causeofthisabnormality?

a.Bacterialpneumonia

b.Congestiveheartfailure

c.Lymphaticobstructionbytumor

d.Pulmonaryembolus

e.Viralpneumonia

27.TheAstler-CollermodificationoftheDuckesclassificationisusedtoclassifycancersofthe

a.Colon

b.Liver

c.Lung

d.Pancreas

e.Stomach

28.Familialpolyposiscoliischaracterizedby

a.Autosomalrecessivepatternofinheritance

b.Mutiplehamartomatouspolypsthroughoutthecolon

c.100%riskofcarcinoma

d.Anassociationwithfibromatosisandmutipleosteomas

e.Anassociationwithtumorsofthecentralnervoussystem（Theanswerisc）

29.Whichofthelistedtypesofcellsfoundwithintheliveristhemajorsourceoftheexcesscollagendepositedincirrhosis?

a.Hepatocytes

b.Kupffercells

c.Itocells（hepaticstellatecells）

d.Endothelialcells

e.Bileductepithelialcells（Theanswerisc）

30.Whatisthemostlikelycauseofthecombinationofgeneralizededema,hypoalbuminemiahypercholesterolemia,markedproteinuria,andfattycastsandfatbodiesintheurine?

a.Nephriticsyndrome

b.Nephroticsyndrome

c.Acuterenalfailure

d.Renaltubulardefect

e.Urinarytractinfection

31.Whichoneofthelistedhepaticdiseaseshasthegreatestriskofdevelopingintohepatocellularcarcinoma?

a.hepaticsteatosis（fattyliver）

b.portalcirrhosis

c.postnecroticcirrhosis

d.biliarycirrhosis

e.congestivelivercirrhosis

32.Ofthelungtumorslistedbelow,whichtypebelongstotheAPUDgroupoftumors?

a.Hamartoma

b.Mucoepidermoidcarcinoma

c.Adenoidcysticcarcinoma

d.Bronchialcarcinoid

e.Squamonscellcarcinoma

33.Whatisthenamethatisgiventothehyalinemassesthatareoftenseeninthecytoplasmofhepatocytesinpatientswithalcoholichepatitis?

a.Councilmanbodies（acidophilicbodies）

b.Negribodies

c.Mallory’sbodies

d.Russel’sbodies

e.Residualbodies

34.Lipoidnephrosisofthekidneyscharacteristicallyproduceschangesthatmaybeobservedbyelectronmicroscope（EM）inwhichofthefollowingrenalglomerularelements?

a.Endothelialcells

b.Epithelialcells

c.Mesangium

d.Bloodvessels

e.Basementmembrane（Theanswerisb）

35.Whichofthefollowingtumormarkershasbeenassociatedwiththehepatocellularcarcinoma?

a.CEA

b.AFP

c.Prostae-specificantigen

d.Tyrosineenzyme

e.Thyroglibulinantigen

36.Ofthetumorslistedbelow,whichisbenigntumor?

a.Leukemia

b.Melanoma

c.Teratoma

d.Embryonictumorofkidney

e.Trueaneurysm

37.ThemostcommoncauseoflivercirrhosisinChinais

a.Drug-inducedhepatitis

b.Toxin-inducedhepatitis

c.Alcoholichepatitis

d.Viralhepatitis

e.Autoimmunehepatitis

38.ComplicationsoflobarpneumoniaincludeeachofthefollowingconditionsEXCEPT

a.Pulmonarycarnification

b.Purulentpleurisy

c.Pulmonaryabscess

d.Septicshock（infectiveshock）

e.Bronchiectasis

39.Whichoneofthefollowingdefinitionsiscorrect?

a.Dysplasiaisachangefromonetypeofdifferentiatedtissuetoanother

b.Anaplasiaisanalmostcompletelackofdifferentiation

c.Carcinomaisatumourofepithelialderivation

d.Metaplasiaisthedisordereddevelopmentofcellswithlossoforganization

e.Carcionmainsituisacarcinomawithstromalinvasion

40.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect:

?

a.Adenomaisamalignanttumourofglandularepithelium

b.Sarcomaisabenightumourofconnectiveti