职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案.docx

职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案.docx

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职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案

2009年职称英语理工类（A级）考试真题及答案

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下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining？

　　AeverlastingBlong

　　CtemporaryDboring

　　2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

　　AshakenBdamaged

　　CfallenDjumped

　　3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

　　AfaithfulBroyal

　　CgenuineDsincere

　　4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

　　AattractionBsimplicity

　　CpowerDrigor

　　5Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

　　AmistBfog

　　CmysteryDsecret

　　6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation，

　　AannoyedBtroubled

　　CangeredDaroused

　　7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

　　AborrowedBpurchased

　　CrewrittenDcopied

　　8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch

　　AfastenedBencouraged

　　CraisedDinitiated

　　9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney

　　AsomeBlittle

　　CextraDenough

　　10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

　　ApatientsBmiracles

　　CillnessDrecovery

　　11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

　　AmonotonousBendless

　　CseriousDbitter

　　12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment

　　AoldBunforgettable

　　CfunnyDunfair

　　13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.

　　AfollowBorder

　　CproveDhandle

　　14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.

　　AemptyBhairless

　　CbareDsmooth

　　15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

　　AexpressionsBwarnings

　　CinstructionsDadvertisements

　　第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

Water-theIssueofThisCentury

　　Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.PopulationsaregrowingbiggerandThirstier（渴的），withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce（缺乏）。

Halftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury，whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

　　TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'spopulation，concentratedinAfrica，theMiddleEastandsouthAsia，willface'severewatershortages'by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.

　　Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025，puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries（渔业）areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits，andhalftheworld'scoralreefs（珊瑚礁）mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities，theBanksays.

　　Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.

　　Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly，andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.

　　Athirdoftheworld'spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions（制度）changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.

　　Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents（征兆）aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia，Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater，afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by2020.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable，ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.

　　WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan，andwillexceedtheminIndiaby2020.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica，onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers（蓄水层）-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.

　　16Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　17Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　18Mostoftheworld'spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　19Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　20SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　21TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　22Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

　　1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）。

Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）。

Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

　　2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse，usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact，chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically，chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）。

Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

　　3Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular，chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

　　4Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV，thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

　　5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans，scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

　　23Paragraph1。

　　24Paragraph2。

　　25Paragraph3。

　　26Paragraph4。

　　AReasonsforHIVresistance

　　BImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

　　CEffectiveAIDStreatment

　　DGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

　　EChimps'resistancetoHIV

　　FGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand“humans

　　27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect。

　　28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand。

　　29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting。

　　30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto。

　　Asomehumandiseasetreatments

　　Bsomediseases

　　Chumansurvival

　　Dhumangenomes

　　Ekeyareas

　　Fhealthierlifestyle

　　第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇YouthEmancipationinSpain

　　TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.

　　Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.

　　Tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"YouthEmancipation（解放）"programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.

　　Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.

　　Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists（社会学家）.FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:

KeyforUnderstanding".

　　"Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"saidMinguez.

　　InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews（外侄/侄子）alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.

　　Parents'toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.

　　"Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.

　　Mothers'willingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores（家务）w