英语英语阅读理解专项及解析.docx

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英语英语阅读理解专项及解析.docx

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英语英语阅读理解专项及解析.docx

英语英语阅读理解专项及解析

【英语】英语阅读理解专项及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

ArobotcreatedbyWashingtonStateUniversity（WSU）scientistscouldhelpelderlypeoplewithdementia（痴呆）andotherlimitationsliveindependentlyintheirownhomes.

TheRobotActivitySupportSystemorRAS,usessensorsinstalledinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities.Itnavigates（定位）throughroomsandaroundobstaclestofindpeopleonitsown,providesvideoinstructionsonhowtodosimpletasksandcanevenleaditsownertoobjectsliketheirmedicationorasnackinthekitchen.

"RAScombinestheconvenienceofamobilerobotwiththeactivitydetectiontechnologyofaWSUsmarthometoprovideassistanceinthemoment,astheneedforhelpisdetected,"saidBryanMinor,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience.

Currently,anestimated50percentofadultsovertheageof85needassistancewitheverydayactivitiessuchaspreparingmealsandtakingmedicationandtheannualcostforthisassistanceintheUSisnearly$2trillion.Withthenumberofadultsover85expectedtotripleby2050,researchershopethattechnologieslikeRASandtheWSUsmarthomewillrelievesomeofthefinancialstrainonthehealthcaresystembymakingiteasierforolderadultstolivealone.

RASisthefirstrobotresearchershavetriedtoincorporateintotheirsmarthomeenvironment.TheyrecentlypublishedastudyinthejournalCognitiveSystemsResearchthatdemonstrateshowRAScouldmakelifeeasierforolderadultsstrugglingtoliveindependently.

"Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising,"Minorsaid."ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performancewithagroupofolderadultstogetabetterideaofwhatprompts,videoremindersandotherpreferencestheyhaveregardingtherobot."

（1）HowdoesRASserveelderlypeople?

A. Throughsensors.

B. Throughobjects.

C. Throughamobilerobot.

D. Throughtheirdailyactivities.

（2）WhatcanweknowaboutRAS?

A. Itisthefirstrobotusedindailylife.

B. Itsfunctionremainstobetested.

C. Itcanlocatepeopleanddoanytask.

D. Itcancookforownersonitsown.

（3）What'sMinor'sattitudetowardthefutureofRAS?

A. Doubtful.

B. Negative.

C. Optimistic.

D. Uncertain.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A. Elderlypeopleleavethenursinghome.

B. SmartHomeTestsfirstelder-Carerobot.

C. RAS,thefirstrobottomakehomesmart.

D. OlderadultshavebenefitedfromRAS.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人，可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据章第二段中的“TheRobotActivitySupportSystem,orRAS,usessensors（传感器）equippedinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities”可知机器人活动支持系统（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器（传感器）来确定其居民在哪里，他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助，说明传感器起到了重大的作用，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance…”可知，这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测，说明正在测试阶段，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising”可知，Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心、非常乐观，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。

再根据最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance”可知，机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists（人类学家）.Descriptionslike"Palaeolithic（旧石器时代的）Man"."Neolithic（新石器时代的）Man",etc.neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel"LeglessMan".Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:

"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Andthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday."

Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived（剥夺）oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.Whenyoutravelbycarortrain,anunclearpictureofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,especially,aremixedwiththeurgetogoonandon:

theyneverwanttostop.Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays"I'vebeenthere."Youmentiontheremotest,andsomeoneisboundtosay"I'vebeenthere"-meaning,"Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse."

Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:

youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:

hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound,satisfyingsleepwillbehis:

thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.

（1）Anthropologistslabelmannowadays"LeglessMan"because_____.

A. peopleprefercars,busesandtrains

B. peopleusetheirlegslessandless

C. liftspreventpeoplefromwalking

D. peopletravelwithoutusinglegs

（2）Accordingtothepassage,whatmightmakepeoplelosetherightofusingtheireyes?

A. themodernmeansoftransportation.

B. Abird's-eyeviewoftheworld.

C. Theunclearsightfromthevehicles.

D. Thefast-pacedlifestyle.

（3）Fromthepassage,weknowtravelingathighspeedsmeans_______.

A. appreciatingbeautifulscenery

B. experiencinglifeskills

C. focusingonthenextdestination

D. feelingphysicaltiredness

（4）Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A. Moderntransportationdeviceshavereplacedlegs.

B. Travelingmakestheworldasmallplace.

C. Human'shistorydevelopsveryfast.

D. Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于种种现代化交通设施，人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看风景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机…… 汽车、飞机速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼，成为“无脚之人”，一切都经历不到。

作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步——经历现实。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived（剥夺）oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.”可知，根据这篇文章，快节奏的生活方式会让人们失去使用眼睛的权利。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:

youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.”可知，我们知道高速旅行意味着关注下一个目的地。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:

thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.”可知，旅行的最好方法是步行。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

TheotherdayIwasshoppingatthelocalChinesegrocerystore.Therewasalineatthefishcounter,butonlyonestaffpersonwastheretotakecareofthecustomers.Somecustomersorderedquiteanamountoffishforthatstaffpersontoworkon.AtlastIwasthesecondinline.AllIwantedwasacoupleofcrabsandshouldgetoutofthereinnotime.

Noticingitwasverybusyatthefishcounter,anotherstaffpersoncameovertohelp.Iwasreadytobeserved,butthestaffpersonwenttotheendofthelineandbegantohelpacoupleofladieswithsnail（蜗牛）.Thecustomersinfrontofme,beingserved,turnedaroundandlookedatmesympatheticallyandthecustomerbehindmecalledtothestaffperson,“Youshouldstarthere,”pointingatme.Hewas,well,ignored.

Ifsomeoneaskedme,"WhatisthemostimportantruletofollowinAmerica?

"Iwouldreplywithouthesitation."Waityourturnatalltimes."Whereveryougohereinthiscountry,youwillfindpeoplewaitinginalinequietlytogetanything:

whetherinthesupermarkets,departmentstores,busstops,orgasstations,it'sjustamatterofwaitingyourturn.Inalargersense,"waityourturn"ismorethanjustaguideline—itisaverybasicrulethatreflectsthefundamentalvalueofthew

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