名师伴你行学年高二英语人教版必修5课时作业Unit 1 Great scientists 2.docx
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名师伴你行学年高二英语人教版必修5课时作业Unit1Greatscientists2
课时作业
(二) SectionⅡ LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
DoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,reallydidfoolishexperiments?
Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?
Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowntheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.
CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.Andhebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.
Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?
Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.
Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.ItexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysicsthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.
Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.
1.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.
A.wasagreatEnglishscientist
B.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficult
C.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportant
D.didn'tgetonwellwithothers
2.Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans________.
A.throwaway B.storeup
C.puttouseD.realize
3.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.
A.convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworld
B.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethings
C.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeed
Ddrawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningaroundus
4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.
B.Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperiments.
C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.
D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.
语篇解读:
最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。
1.C 解析:
推理判断题。
短文并没有说CharlesDarwin是哪个国家的科学家,可排除A;由第二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验太简单不值得做,可把B排除;文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情,可排除D。
由第三段中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.”可推出答案C。
2.A 解析:
词义猜测题。
由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。
因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。
由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。
3.D 解析:
主旨大意题。
短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。
4.B 解析:
细节理解题。
短文第一段第二句“Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?
”明确告诉我们,有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。
B
Miseryandsetbacksarenotalwaysasterribleasoneimagines.Hardtimescanoffernewwaysoflookingatlifethatwouldotherwiseneverbeknown.And,ifyouareawriter,thiscanbethesourceofmuchofyoursuccess.
PopularBritishauthor,CharlesDickens'(1812—1870)familycouldhardlymakeendsmeet.Theycouldonlyaffordtosendoneoftheirsixchildrentoschool.
Dickenswasnotthatchild.
Hisparentschosetosendadaughter,whohadatalentformusic,toanacademy.Thenattheageof12,Dickens'lifetookanotherturnfortheworse.
Hisfather,aclerk,wasplacedinprisonforunpaiddebts.And,beingtheoldestmaleleftathome,Dickenstookupworkatafactory.Hishorribleexperiencetherebecamethefuelforhisfuturewriting.
Hisfatherwasfreedthreemonthslaterandinheritedasmallamountofmoney.Dickenswasthensenttoschool.
From1836to1837,hewroteamonthlyseriesofstories.ThusThePickwickPapers,cameintobeing,whichbroughtfametothe23yearoldman.
Throughouthiscareer,Dickenscoversvarioussituationsinhisnovels.HewroteaboutthemiserablelivesofthepoorinOliverTwist,theFrenchRevolutioninTaleofTwoCities,andsocialreforminHardTimes.HealsowroteDavidCopperfield,abookthoughttobebasedonhisownlife.
“Idonotwritebitterlyorangrily,forIknowallthesethingshaveworkedtogethertomakemewhatIam,”heoncesaid.
Hisdifficultchildhooddidshapethepersonhebecame,aswellashiswritingcareer.Thereareshades_ofyoungDickensinmanyofhismostbelovedcharacters,includingDavidCopperfieldandOliverTwist.
Liketheauthor,allthesecharacterscomefrompoorbeginningsandareabletoriseabovetheirsetbacksandachievesuccess.
“Minds,likebodies,willoftenfallintoanillconditionedstatefromtoomuchcomfort,”heoncewrote.
OnJune9th,1870,aged58,Dickensdied,leavingoneunfinishedwork.Thewordsonhistombstoneread:
“Hewasasympathizertothepoor,thesufferingandtheoppressed(受压迫者),andbyhisdeath,oneofEngland'sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld.”
5.ThebookthatcalledpublicattentiontoDickenswas________.
A.ThePickwickPapers
B.OliverTwist
C.TaleofTwoCities
D.DavidCopperfield
6.Theunderlinedphrase“shadesof”inParagraph10means“________”.
A.variousshapesof
B.situationsof
C.differentexperiencesof
D.remindersof
7.HowdidDickensseehischildhood?
A.Hefeltgratefulforit.
B.Hefeltitapitythatthingsweren'tinhisfavor.
C.Helovedwritingaboutit.
D.Hechosetoforgetthebitternessaboutit.
8.Fromthestory,wecanseeDickens'attitudetowardsaneasylifeis________.
A.toenjoyit
B.tohateit
C.nottoindulgeinit
D.toworkhardforit
语篇解读:
这是一篇记叙文。
本文主要介绍了狄更斯以及他的作品的情况。
5.A 解析:
细节理解题。
文中From1836to1837,hewroteamonthlyseriesofstories.ThusThePickwickPapers,cameintobeing,whichbroughtfametothe23yearoldman.说明让23岁的狄更斯出名的作品是ThePickwickPapers。
6.D 解析:
词义猜测题。
结合上文的Hisdifficultchildhooddidshapethepersonhebecame,aswellashiswritingcareer.可知他的童年对他的影响比较大,同时也影响了他的作品中的人物,因此作品中的人物往往有他自己的影子,故选D。
7.A 解析:
推理判断题。
从文章第一段及引用Dickens的几句话,我们可以推断出Dickens对自己童年经历的态度和看法。
容易误选C。
C项只提供了一个事实,并不能反映态度。
8.C 解析:
观点态度题。
文中“Minds,likebodies,willoftenfallintoanillconditionedstatefromtoomuchcomfort,”heoncewrote.明显流露出他的观点。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Recently,ourschoolhasheldthemeaningfuldiscussiononwhetheritisreasonableformiddleschoolstudentstohaveclassesonweekends.Someofourclassmatesbelieveweshouldhaveclassesonweekendsbecausewecanmakefullyuseofthefreetimetoreviewthelessonswehadlearnt.Someothersareagainsttheopinion,sayingwehadbettertohaveagoodrestonweekendssothatwecanworkeffectiveduringtheweekdays.Therestagreewithneitheroftheopinion.Theyhavetheviewwhichkeepingthebalancebetweenworkandplayarebothimportantforus.Theysuggestonedayoftheweekendshouldusedtolearnourlessonsandduringtheotherdaywedosomethinginterestedorhavearest.
答案:
Recently,ourschoolhasheld
meaningfuldiscussiononwhetheritisreasonableformiddleschoolstudentstohaveclassesonweekends.Someofourclassmatesbelieveweshouldhaveclassesonweekendsbecausewecanmake
useofthefreetimetoreviewthelessonswe
learnt.Someothersareagainsttheopinion,sayingwehadbetter
haveagoodrestonweekendssothatwecanwork
duringtheweekdays.Therestagreewithneitherofthe
.Theyhavetheview
keepingthebalancebetweenworkandplay
bothimportantforus.Theysuggestonedayoftheweekendshould
usedtolearnourlessonsandduringtheotherdaywedosomething
orhavearest.
Ⅲ.语法填空
WhenyoutakeawalkinanyofthecitiesintheWest,youoftenseealotofpeople1.________(walk)withdogs.Itisstilltruethatthedogisthemostusefulandfaithfulanimalintheworld.Butthereasonswhypeoplekeepadog2.________(change).Intheolddays,peopleusedtotraindogstoprotectthemselvesagainsttheattacks3.________otherbeasts.Andlatertheycame4.________(realize)thatthedogwasnotonlyusefulbutalsowilling5.________(obey)itsmaster.Forexample,whenpeopleuseddogsforhunting,thedogswouldnoteatwhattheycaughtwithout6.________(permit).Butnowpeopleinthecityneednotprotectthemselvesagainstattacksofanimals.Whydotheykeepdogs,then?
Somepeoplekeepdogstoprotectthemselvesfromrobbery,butthe7.________importantreasonisforcompanionship.Forachild,8.________dogishisbestfriendwhenhehasnofriendstoplaywith;forayoungcouple,adogis9.________(they)childwhentheyhavenochildren;foroldcouples,adogisalsotheirchildwhentheirrealchildrenhavegrownup.Sothemainreasonwhypeople10.________dogshaschangedfromprotectiontofriendship.
语篇解读:
本文主要介绍了人类养狗的原因的变化。
1.walking 解析:
考查非谓语动词的用法。
此处构成seesb.doingsth.结构,表示“看到某人正在做某事”。
2.havechanged 解析:
考查动词的时态。
人们养狗的原因已经变了,此处用现在完成时表示结果。
3.by/from/of 解析:
考查介词的用法。
过去,人们常常训练狗,以保护他们自己免受其他野兽的袭击。
4.torealize 解析:
考查非谓语动词的用法。
意为“后来他们逐渐认识到……”。
5.toobey 解析:
考查非谓语动词的用法。
主语+be+adj.+todosth.为固定句型。
6.permission 解析:
考查名词的用法。
此处作介词without的宾语,应用名词形式。
7.most 解析:
考查形容词的最高级形式。
此处讲述养狗的原因,其中最重要的原因是狗可以陪伴主人。
8.a 解析:
考查不定冠词的用法。
此处用不定冠词表示泛指,意为“对于孩子来说,当他没有朋友一起玩时狗是他最好的朋友”。
9.their 解析:
考查代词的用法。
此处名词前缺少限定词,由前面的“ayoungcouple”可知此处应用their。
10.keep 解析:
考查动词的用法。
本文主要说明人们养狗的原因的变化,因此用keep,由上文中的“keepadog”“keepdogs”也可得出答案。
Ⅳ.语篇翻译
如今,科学家们提出(putforward)人们应更多注意水污染(pollute)问题。
然而,在过去人们不会把疾病和水污染联系(link...to)在一起。
1854年,伦敦发生了严重霍乱。
很多医生怀疑(suspect)被污染的水是罪魁祸首(blame)。
通过分析(analyse)这些事实,约翰·斯诺证明脏水导致严重的(severe)疾病。
因此政府指令(instruct)人们饮用干净的水。
通过历史,我们可以得出结论(drawaconclusion):
一个良好的、无污染的环境对人们的健康和生活的改善是很重要的。
答案:
Nowadaysscientistsputforwardthatpeopleshouldpaymoreattentiontopollutedwater.Howeverinthepastpeopledidn'tlinkillnesstoit.In1854inLondon,aseriouscholerabrokeout.Manydoctorssuspected