国外大学教育的弊端.docx

国外大学教育的弊端.docx

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国外大学教育的弊端

SomeProblemsinChina’sHigherEducation

Asweknow,agoodeducationshouldtrainstudentstothinkforthemselves,butthevalueoutlook（观念）oftraditionaleducationpaysmuchattentiontotheexaminationsystem.Thisnotonlycan’tmotivatestudentstolearnwidely,butalsodeprivetheteacherofallfreedom.

2Thereislessrelationshipbetweenthetheoriesandpractices.Whatwehavebeenlearning（现在正在进行时）nowinalotoftimeistheknowledgeofthetheories,whichmaybeunderliethestudentsofthebasicknowledge,butatthesametime,italsomakesstudentslosealotofopportunitiestodiscoverandimplementpatternsbythemselvesinpractice,andintheendleadsthemtobeunfamiliarwithrealisticdevelopmentofsocialenvironment.

3manyschoolsputmoreandmoreemphasisoncompetenceeducation.Commitmenthasbeendiminishingdaybyday.Nowthehighlightamonghigherschoolstudentsishowtocompletetheirneededcourseandearncredits.Thestudents,aswellastheschool,aredevotingtheirenergiestothepursuitofmaterialorpersonaldevelopmentnoworinfuture,andcommitmentseemsincreasinglydisappearintheirdailylife.Toserveforothersorsocietyseemsadatedidealism.（过时的思想）

4.independentinnovationshouldbegreatlyencouraged.Butnowtherearesomanyfalsifications（虚假）andcribbing（剽窃）inallpartsofscienceresearchesinHigherEducationInstitutions.So,aheavyblowshouldbestruckoncribbingandmoremeasuresshouldbetakentostimulateindependentinnovation.

5.Thefinancingsystemshouldbereformed.Theoldsysteminwhichthefundingofhighereducationdependedonthegovernmentonlyneedchangingandanewsystemcapableofpoolingresourcesfromdiversechannelsshouldbegraduallyestablished.

6.Also,thepracticalresearchanddevelopmentinthelightofeconomicconstructionofourcountryshouldbeemphasizedandatthesametimestrengtheningthebasicresearch.Forexample,wecouldestablishhigh-techenterprisesrunbyuniversitiesandcombineindustry,teachingandresearchtogethertoturnthescientificresearchfruitsintorealproductivityandspreadthemtothewholesociety.

7.Inaddition,thecentralized（集中的）managementsystemofhighereducationshouldbereformed.Inthissystem,schoolslacktheflexibilityandautonomytoprovideeducationaccordingtotheneedsofthesociety.Weshouldsmooththerelationshipamonggovernment,societyanduniversities,settingupandperfecting（完善）anewsysteminwhichthestateisresponsiblefortheoverallplanningandmacromanagementwhiletheuniversitiesfollowthelawsandenjoytheautonomytoprovideeducationaccordingtoneedsofthesociety.（按照社会的需求）

Howcanwesolvetheproblemsinhighereducation?

Nevertheless,comparetothereality,thestudentshavelowability,theprofessorscheatintheacademicresearch,theuniversitieschaseforhighprofits.Theproblemswearefacingintheeducationsystemmakeusbefarfromthestandardsofanexcellentuniversity.So,howcanweachieveourgoalsinthehigheducationsystem?

Wecanconsideritasfollowingaspects.

Inthefirstplace,forthemainandmostimportantpurposeistocultivatethetalents,thenthecompetentabilityofinstructorsandteachersbecomedominated.InthelectureScienceasAVocation,MarxWebertoldushisattitudetothescholarsorcollegeteachers.InWeber'seyes,thescholarsatthattimelikemachineswhoproducedthescientificproductivityundertheuniversitybureaucraticsystemandhesaidarealscholarorprofessorneedtodedicatehimselftoscientificworld.Onlythosepeoplewhoholdscientificspiritcandevotetothescientificcareer.Atthesametime,ascholarshouldtaketheself-responsibility.Aprofessorneedstoberesponsibletohisbehaviors.Heneedtorealizehisjudgmenttohisresearchmayleadtokindsofpossibilities.Healsoshouldberesponsibletothestudentstoteachthemknowledge,scientificspiritaswellasthemoralobligations.Responsibilitybecomethekeycharactertoscholars.Inaddition,professorsneedtobegenerousandtolerated.Asthescientificresultwillsoonoutofdatedinyears.Itisacruelbyfacingtheachievementoutofseason（已过时,不合时宜,失去时机）.Thus,aprofessorneedtobetoleratebutnotcheatinginthescientificarea.Thisiswhatscienceisanditisthemainimpetus（n.推动力,刺激）ofadvancedsociety.Iftheprofessorsinuniversityholdstricttoteachingandresearch,thequalityofcultivatingtalentswouldmakeabigprogress.Generally,thosescholarsneedtotakescienceasvocationseriously.

Exceptthescholarsandprofessors,theadministrationofuniversitiesalsoneedtotakesomemeasurestochangetheuniversity'simagetothepublic.Firstandforemost,theuniversityadministratorsshouldgetridofthebureaucratism（官僚主义）.Inthe19thcentury,theuniversitiesinmanycountriessecularized（使世俗化）butnotonlythepurepurposeofpreviousacademicstudy.TheClarkbureaucracywasadoptedandbecameawayofadministrating.Itworkswellwhenitbecameanefficientwayofmanagementofuniversity.Butwhenitstartedtoaffecttheacademicstudy,itmaydoharmtouniversity'sdevelopmentthanthebenefits.Thedirectionofscholarsmaybeeffectedwronglybytheadministrationbecausethelimitedresearchfund.Also,theguidingprincipleforrunningaschoolcanbeaffectedbytheofficials.Inthisway,theadministratorscancompletelychangethedevelopmentdirectionofauniversity.Whentheuniversityiscommercialized,thebureaucracyintheacademicareajustmakeitworse.Then,thehighereducationadministratorstakesomepracticalmeasurestogetthetrustfromthepublicback.AtthebeginningofAprilthisyear,theministryofeducationlaunchedanactthatuniversitiesneedtoexposetheopenrateofusingthetuition.Inmyopinion,thiswillbeeffectivetochangetheimageofhightuitioninthesystem.Thegovernmentalsocanadoptmorestepstoreformthemanagementofhighereducation.

Beyondtheprofessors'abilityandadministrationsofuniversities,anotherpartintheeducationsystemisthestudents.Iftheuniversitytodayjustofferstheprofessionalworkersforthemarkets,therewillnodifferencetothosevocationalandtechnicalcolleges.Whatauniversitystudentneedisthehumanisticeducationorliberalarts.Heneedtoknowthevalueoflife,themeaningoflivingandthemeaningoffreedom.Throughtheuniversity,hecanbecomeapersonwithliteracy,mortalityandknowledge.Heneedtohavehisownjudgement,values,mindandvirtue.Thosecouldn'tbeofferedbyprofessionaleducation.Aqualifiedstudentmusthavebeenaffectedbythehumanities.Someuniversitiesofferstudentsthegeneraleducationinthefirsttwoyearsandthestudentscanchoosethecurriculumaccordingtotheirinterests.However,thelimiteddevelopmentofhumanitiesinsomeuniversitiescouldn'tofferthestudentsenoughnourishment.Thissituationneedthestudentstolearnmorethemselvesandtobeauniversitystudentwithhumanities.Furthermore,self-disciplineisalsonecessarytouniversitystudent.Withthecollegeexpansionin1997,thehighereducationisnolongerso-calledelitist（[ei'li:

tist]杰出人物，精英）education.Wecouldn'texpecttogetmuchfromthecurriculuminuniversities.Theprofessorscouldn'tteachusallandweneedbestricttoourselvestoadaptthedevelopmentofsociety.Thearrangementofcurriculuminuniversitygiveusmoresparetime.Ifwekillthetimebyentertainment,wemaylosethepreciousopportunitiestodevelopourselves.Humaneandself-disciplineareessencialtouniversitystudents.

Besidesthecentralpositionofstudentsandteachers,thesupportofsocietyisalsoastimulustothedevelopmentofadvancededucation.Firstofall,thegovernment'sstrongfinancialsupportisprincipal.Theconstructionofauniversityneedlargesumofmoneyincludethetuitionofstudents,thedonationandthegovernmentfund.Thesalaryofprofessorsandtheresearchfundallneedthesupportfromthegovernment.Theproblemoffundisalwaysbecomeaobstacleintheprocessofdevelopment.Iftheuniversityhaveastrongsupport,thoseprofessorswouldnothavetostrugglewiththelimitedresearchfundandthecommercialfactorsmaylessaffecttheacademicstudy.What'smore,thepubliccouldn'turgetheuniversitiestoimproveinashortperiodoftimeorgivethemmuchpressure.Thepubliccanpayacloseattentiononuniversitiesandgivethempropersuggestions.Westillhavealongwaytogotodevelopthehigheducation,sothelong-termsupportfromthepublicbecomingdefinitelypredominant.

Tosumup,highereducationmattersthefuturedevelopmentofacountry,itneedstheattentionofthesociety.Everyoneinthesystemshouldtaketheresponsibilityofitsown.Theprofessors,thestudents,theuniversityadministrators,thegovernmentandpublic,eachpartsinthesystemshouldbeawareoftheirfunctionofuniversityandcooperatewitheachotherverywell.Cultivatethetalents,developthescienceandservethesocietyarethreegoalsweneedtorememberwhenwesolvetheproblemsofhighereducation.JustwhatHarryLewissaid"Buttherearesomevaluesthattranscenduniversities'distinctions."Theobligationwehavetotrytoleavetheworldabetterplacethanwefoundit.Theuniversitiesshouldbeexcellentwithasoulbycollectedallthestrengthinthesystemtogether.

Howto BringCompetenceto Commitment                                

 AsErnestBoyerhassaidinthearticle"FromcompetencetoCommitment",ouragehasbecomeanagefullofchangesanduncertainty.Inordertomakeourplanetbetterandbetter,ascollegestudents,whatweshoulddoisnothingbuttobringcompetencetocommitment.Forthispurpose,wecantryourbestfromthefollowingthreeaspects.

    Firstof