专业英语四级245.docx

专业英语四级245.docx

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专业英语四级245

专业英语四级-245

（总分：

99.90，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、READINGCOMPREHENSION（总题数：

2，分数：

100.00）

SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS

PASSAGEONE

Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey"llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso.Butselfishly,I"mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld"sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.

Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe"reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan"tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan"tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholicmothers.

Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallblackwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.

Itwon"tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.

Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey"dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse-mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise,confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat"sbeenaroundforfartoolong.

PASSAGETWO

Anine-year-oldschoolgirlsingle-handedlycooksupascience-fairexperimentthatendsupdebunkingawidelypracticedmedicaltreatment.EmilyRosa"stargetwasapracticeknownastherapeutictouch（TTforshort）,whoseadvocatesmanipulatepatients""energyfield"tomakethemfeelbetterandeven,saysome,tocurethemofvariousills.YetEmily"stestshowsthattheseenergyfieldscan"tbedetected,evenbytrainedTTpractitioners.Obviouslymindfulofthepublicityvalueofthesituation,journaleditorGeorgeLundbergappearedonTVtodeclare,"Agedoesn"tmatter.It"sgoodsciencethatmatters,andthisisgoodscience."

Emily"smotherLindaRosa,aregisterednurse,hasbeencampaigningagainstTTfornearlyadecade.LindafirstthoughtaboutTTinthelate80s,whenshelearneditwasontheapprovedlistforcontinuingnursingeducationinColorado.Its100,000trainedpractitioners（48,000intheU.S.）don"teventouchtheirpatients.Instead,theywavedtheirhandsafewinchesfromthepatient"sbody,pushingenergyfieldsarounduntilthey"rein"balance."TTadvocatessaythesemanipulationscanhelphealwounds,relievepainandreducefever.TheclaimsaretakenseriouslyenoughthatTTtherapistsarefrequentlyhiredbyleadinghospitals,atupto$70anhour,tosmoothpatients"energy,sometimesduringsurgery.

YetRosacouldnotfindanyevidencethatitworks.Toprovidesuchproof,TTtherapistswouldhavetositdownforindependenttesting—somethingtheyhaven"tbeeneagertodo,eventhoughJamesRandihasofferedmorethan$1milliontoanyonewhocandemonstratetheexistenceofahumanenergyfield,（He"shadonetakersofar.Shefailed.）AskepticmightconcludethatTTpractitionersareafraidtolaytheirbeliefsontheline.Butwhocouldturndownaninnocentfourth-grader?

SaysEmily:

"Ithinktheydidn"ttakemeveryseriouslybecauseI"makid."

Theexperimentwasstraightforward:

21TTtherapistsstucktheirhands,palmsup,throughascreen.Emilyheldherownhandoveroneoftheirs—leftorright—andthepractitionershadtosaywhichhanditwas.Whentheresultswererecorded,they"ddonenobetterthantheywouldhavebysimplyguessing.Iftherewasanenergyfield,theycouldn"tfeelit.

PASSAGETHREE

IwasborninTuckahoe,TalbotCountry,Maryland.Ihavenoaccurateknowledgeofmyage,neverhavingseenanyauthenticrecordcontainingit.Byfarthelargerpartoftheslavesknowaslittleoftheirageashorsesknowoftheirs,anditisthewishofmostmasterswithinmyknowledgetokeeptheirslavesthusignorant.Idonotrememberhavingevermetaslavewhocouldtellofhisbirthday.Theyseldomcomenearertoitthanplanting-time,harvesting,springtime,orfalltime.

Alackofinformationconcerningmyownwasasourceofunhappinesstomeevenduringchildhood.Thewhitechildrencouldtelltheirages.IcouldnottellwhyIoughttobedeprivedofthesameprivilege.Iwasnotallowedtomakeanyinquiresofmymasterconcerningit.Heconsideredallsuchinquiresonthepartofaslaveimproperandimpertinent.ThenearestestimateIcangivemakesmenowbetweentwenty-sevenandtwenty-eightyearsofage.Icometothis,fromhearingmymastersay,sometimeduring1835,Iwasaboutseventeenyearsold.

MymotherwasnamedHarrietBailey.ShewasthedaughterofIsaacandBetseyBailey,bothcolored,andquitedark.Mymotherwasofadarkercomplexionthaneithermygrandmotherorgrandfather.Myfatherwasawhiteman.Theopinionwasalsowhisperedthatmymasterwasmyfather;butofthecorrectnessofthisopinion,Iknownothing.Themeansofknowingwaswithheldfromme.MymotherandIwereseparatedwhen1wasbutaninfant—beforeIknewherasmymother.Itisacommoncustom,inthepartofMarylandfromwhichIranaway,topartchildrenfromtheirmothersataveryearlyage.Frequently,beforethechildhasreacheditstwelfthmonth,itsmotheristakenfromit,andhiredoutonsomefarmaconsiderabledistanceoff;andthechildisplacedunderthecareofanolderwoman,toooldforfieldlabor.Forwhatthisseparationisdone,Idonotknow,unlessitwastohinderthedevelopmentofthechild"saffectiontowardsitsmother.

PASSAGEFOUR

AsmanyasonethousandyearsagointheSouthwest,theHopiandZuniIndiansofNorthAmericawerebuildingwithadobe—sunbakedbrickplasteredwithmud.Theirhomeslookedremarkablylikemodemapartmenthouses.Somewerefourstorieshighandcontainedquartersforperhapsathousandpeople,alongwithstoreroomsforgrainandothergoods.Thesebuildingswereusuallyputupagainstcliffs,bothtomakeconstructioneasierandfordefenseagainstenemies.Theywerereallyvillagesinthemselves,aslaterSpanishexplorersmusthaverealizedsincetheycalledthem"pueblos",whichisSpanishfortown.

Thepeopleofthepueblosraisedwhatarecalled"thethreesisters"—corn,beans,andsquash.Theymadeexcellentpotteryandwovemarvelousbaskets,somesofinethattheycouldholdwater.TheSouthwesthasalwaysbeenadrycountry,wherewaterisscarce.TheHopiandZunibroughtwaterfromstreamstotheirfieldsandgardensthroughirrigationditches.Waterwassoimportantthatitplayedamajorroleintheirreligion.Theydevelopedelaborateceremoniesandreligiousritualstobringrain.

Thewayoflifeoflesssettledgroupswassimplerandmorestronglyinfluencedbynature.SmalltribessuchastheShoshoneandUtewanderedthedryandmountainouslandsbetweentheRockyMountainsandthePacificOcean.Theygatheredseedsandhuntedsmallanimalssuchassmallrabbitsandsnakes.IntheFarNorththeancestorsoftoday"sInuithuntedseals,walruses,andthegreatwhales.Theylivedrightonthefrozenseasinshelterscalledigloosbuiltofblocksofpackedsnow.Whensummercame,theyfishedforsalmonandhuntedthelordlycaribou.

TheCheyenne,Pawnee,andSiouxtribes,knownasthePlainsIndians,livedonthegrasslandsbetweentheRockyMountainsandtheMississippiRiver.Theyhuntedbison,commonlycalledthebuffalo.Itsmeatwasthechieffoodofthesetribes,anditshidewasusedtomaketheirclothingandcoveringoftheirtentsandtipis.（分数：

49.95）

（1）.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?

（PASSAGEONE）（分数：

3.33）

 A.SheservesasarolemodelforAfrican-Americanwomen.

 B.ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.

 C.ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen. √

 D.ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.

解析：

[考点]本题出题点在首段转折处（But...）。

根据题干信息词fascination定位到文章第一段。

作者指出，作为非裔女性，她所关注的不仅仅是米歇尔·奥巴马能为这个国家作出什么贡献，而是为像她这样的广大非裔女性带来什么。

第一段段尾接着具体说道，可能成为第一夫人的米歇尔·奥巴马一定会吸引全世界的目光，这也就意味着人们将有机会近距离地看到他们几乎从未见过的非裔女性类型。

将这两句归纳起来可知本题选C（她将向世界展示非裔美国女性的新形象）。

文章并未提及作者将米歇尔作为榜样（rolemodel），也没有提到米歇尔成为第一夫人拥有什么样的优秀品质，也没有提到米歇尔将更加关注非裔女性的利益，所以排除A、B、D。

（2）.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?

（PASSAGEONE）（分数：

3.33）

 A.Theyarevictimsoffamilyviolence.

 B.Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage. √

 C.Theyareofaninferiorsocialgroup.

 D.Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.

解析：

[考点]本题出题点在第二段段首副词处。

根据题干信息词stereotype将答案定位到文章第二段。

题目问人们通常认为的非裔女性形象是怎样的。

文章第二段用usually一词开头，描述了她们坏脾气、留不住男人、单身母亲、酗酒、眼睛骨碌骨碌转、纵欲等不好的形象。

选项A、C、D文章均未提及，故排除。

选项B比较全面地归纳了本段主旨，故为答案。

（3）.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?

（PASSAGEONE）（分数：

3.33）

 A.WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.

 B.HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure.

 C.HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.

 D.WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse. √

解析：

[考点]本题出题点在特殊标点符号（破折号）处。

根据题干信息词blogs将答案定位到文章最后一段第二句。

破折号后的内容指出，广大非裔美国人在他们的博客上写道，他们