新型冠状疫情有关阅读理解练习.docx

新型冠状疫情有关阅读理解练习.docx

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新型冠状疫情有关阅读理解练习

疫情有关阅读理解练习

A

Duringtheongoingbattleagainstthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia（NCP）,youmayhavereadnewsthatgarlicandsesameoilcanquicklykillthevirusbutitprovedtobemisinformation.WhilethenationcontinuestofightagainsttheNCP,it’salsosteppingupeffortstofightthespreadofmisinformation.

Intheinternetera,thenatureofhowinformationspreadshastransformeddrastically（巨大地）.Information–andmisinformation–canspreadtothousandsofhouseholdsinseconds.

Formostpeople,fact-checkingisanafterthought–ifitisathoughtatall.Therefore,misinformationthrives（滋生蔓延）,saidTheWashingtonPost.Peoplesimplypreferpassingoninformationthatwillevoke（引起）anemotionalresponsefromreaders.Whetherornotitisfactualisnotalwaysthetopcriterion,especiallyintimesofpubliccrisis.

Misinformationcouldbeagreaterdangerthanthevirusitself.Misinformationis“makingtheworkofourheroicworkersevenharder”,WorldHealthOrganization（WHO）DirectorGeneralTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesustoldChinaDaily.Hesaidmisinformation“causesconfusionandspreadsfear”.

DuringthefightagainsttheNCP,Ghebreyesussaidthat“attheWHOwe’renotjustbattlingthevirus,we’realsobattling...conspiracy（阴谋）theoriesthatundermineourresponse.”

ItistruethatasChinaracestocontaintheNCPandminimize（减少到最低限度）itsspreadacrossborders,fearandrumors（谣言）surroundingthevirusarecreatingtheirownproblemsonsocialmedia.“Ironically（讽刺地）,speedisimportantonthosethings,”USprofessorGabrielKahntoldTheLosAngelesTimes.“But…thosearetheonesyouhavetobemostcertainaboutverifying（验证）beforeyoushare.”

Asordinarypeople,wemaynotbeabletodevoteourselveslikethosemedicalstaff.Butwecouldthinktwiceaboutwhatweread.Ifyoucanbecarefulaboutsharinginformation,it’syourcontributiontothefightagainsttheoutbreak.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatisthemaincauseforthespreadofmisinformation?

A.Thelackoffact-checking.

B.Theriseofpubliccrises. 

C.People’sdesiretotrickothers.

D.Changesinthewaypeopleviewinformation.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undermine”probablymean?

A.test    B.harmC.guide  D.explain

3.WhatproblemhasbeenfoundduringthebattleagainsttheNCP?

A.Peoplehavefearscausedbymisinformation.

B.Itishardtodealwithmisinformationacrossborders.

C.Rumorsaboutthevirustraveltoofasttobecontrolled.

D.Socialmediacreatesproblemsforpeopletoverifymisinformation.

4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthearticle?

A.Tosharetipsonhowtofightmisinformation.

B.TodisprovesomemisinformationabouttheNCP.

C.Tocallonpeopletowatchoutformisinformation.

D.TotellwhatChinahasdonetodealwithmisinformation.

B

SinceDecember,therehavebeentensofthousandsofCOVID-19casesbothinandoutofChina,causedbyapreviouslyunknownvirus:

novelcoronavirus.

It’snotthefirsttimeforvirusestomakeheadlines.Viruseshavebroughtbigtroubletohumans,withtheirpotentialtocausewidespreaddiseaseanddeath.

Whatarethey?

Virusesareconsideredtobenon-livingorganisms（有机物）.Theycaninfectanimalsandplants,makingthemsick.TheycontaingeneticmaterialslikeDNAandareprotectedbyacoatingofprotein.

Unlikebacteria,virusescan’treproduce（繁殖）ontheirown.Instead,theyinvadedthecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Butthebasicquestionis,wheredidvirusesfirstcomefrom?

Untilnow,noclearexplanationfortheiroriginexists.“Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult,”EdRybicki,avirologistattheuniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,“becausevirusesdon’tleavefossils（化石）andbecauseofthetrickstheyusetomakecopiesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey’veinvaded.”

Understandingtheoriginsofvirusesmeansfullyunderstandingthehistoryoftheirhosts–notonlyhumans,butalsobacteria,plantsandotheranimals,whichisacomplicatedtask,saysNature.However,therearethreemaintheories（推测）toexplaintheoriginofviruses.First,virusesstartedasindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites（寄生者）.Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNA（脱氧核糖核酸）orRNA（核糖核酸）that“escaped”fromlargerorganisms.Thethirdoneisthatvirusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.

7.8Forthetimebeing,theseareonlytheories.Thetechnologyandproofswehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesanddiscoverthemostplausibleexplanation.Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayfindthattheanswerisevenmoremysteriousthanitnowappears.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthearticle?

A.Theymainlyinfectanimalsandplants.

B.Theyarereallysmalllivingorganisms.

C.Theyaremoredangerousthanbacteria.

D.Theycan’treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.

6.Whichofthefollowingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?

A.Theyevolvedalongwiththeirhostcells.

B.TheyevolvedfromtheDNAorRNAinanimals.

C.Theyevolvedfromthefossilsoflargeorganisms.

D.Theyevolvedfromparasitestoindependentorganisms.

7.Theunderlinedword“plausible”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“_______”.

A.creative  B.reasonable     C.common  D.unbelievable

8.Whatdoweconcludefromthearticle?

A.Viruseslivelongerinhumanhostcellsthaninanimals’.  

B.Viruseswillbecomemorelikebacteriaastheyevolve.

C.Itmaytakealongtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.

D.Theauthorisconfidentaboutfuturevirusresearch.

C

Thesuddenriseofthenewcoronavirus（冠状病毒）hasshockedChina.AlthoughChinahasbeendoingeverythingpossibletostopthevirus,ithasspreadoutsideofitsbordersandintootherregions.Therearenowconfirmedcases（确诊病例）ofCOVID-19incountriesincludingtheUK,Japan,Germany,Vietnam,RussiaandtheUnitedStates.

Thereisagrowingfearthattheeffectsoftheoutbreak（疫情爆发）willworsenifitisnotcontained.ThishasledtocountriesclosingborderswithChinaandputtingtravelbans（禁令）inplace,hopingtoprotecttheirowncitizens.However,fearandmisinformation（不实消息）havealsocausedthespreadofsomethingelse–racism（种族歧视）.

RestaurantsandbusinessesinmanytouristareasacrosstheworldhavepostedsignsbanningChinesepeople.SocialmediausersrecentlysharedapictureofasignoutsideahotelinRome,Italy.Thesignsaidthat“allpeoplecomingfromChina”were“notallowed”inthehotel.Similarsignswithanti-Chinesesentiment（情绪）werealsoreportedlyseeninSouthKorea,theUK,MalaysiaandCanada.Thesesignswereloudandclear–“NoChinese”.

Racistactionssuchasthesedoalotmoreharmthangood.

“Myethnicity（种族渊源）hasmademefeellikeIwaspartofathreateninganddiseasedmass（群体）,”SamPhan,amaster’sstudentattheUniversityofManchester,wrotetotheGuardian.

EdithBracho-Sanchez,anassistantprofessoratColumbiaUniversityIrvingMedicalCenter,hasexperienceworkingonhealthissuesthatinvolve（涉及）internationalborders.2.“Ashumanbeings,weareafraidofthethingswedon’tknow,butourresponseshouldbetoeducateourselves,nottofurtherspread…fearsandmisunderstandings,”shesaid.Bracho-Sanchezsuggestedthatthemediashould“sticktothefacts”.

Phansharedasimilarview:

“It’simportant…toseeusinallourdiversity（多样性）,asindividualhumanbeings,andtochallengestereotypes（刻板印象）.Thecoronavirusisahumantragedy,solet’snotallowfeartobreed（引发）hatred（仇恨）,intoleranceandracism.”

3.Insteadofspreadingmisinformationandfuelingfearfulthoughts,weshoulddoeverythingwecantosupportthosewhoareaffectedbyeventssuchastheCOVID-19outbreak.Afterall,therealenemyisthevirus,notthepeoplewhoarefightingit.

9.WhatdoParagraphs2-3mainlytalkabout?

A.HowCOVID-19hasspreadoutsideofChina.

B.HowothercountriesdealwithCOVID-19.

C.COVID-19leadingtoracismagainstChinesepeople.

D.COVID-19affectingbusinessandtourismworldwide.

10.WhatdidBracho-Sancheztellpeoplewithherwords?

A.Themediahelpseducatepeople.

B.It’sharmfultofearwhatwedon’tknow.

C.It’sbettertokeepyourfearstoyourself.

D.It’shelpfultolearnaboutunknownthings.

11.WhatattitudedoestheauthorholdtowardtheCOVID-19outbreak?

A.Shehopespeopleworktogethertofightthevirus.

B.SheblamesChineseforspreadingthevirusabroad.

C.Shethinksthemediaisresponsibleformisinformation.

D.ShecriticizesChinafornotdoingenoughtocontainthevirus. 

D

UKphysicistIsaacNewtononcesaid,“Natureispleasedwithsimplicityandnatureisnodummy（傻子）.”Indeed,MotherNaturecanprovidealmosteverythinghumanbeingsneedifwefollowherrules.Butifwebreaktherules,sheislikelytobecruelandlashoutatus.

Theoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia（新型冠状病毒肺炎,NCP）inChinaandsomeothercountriesatthebeginningofthisyearisanexample.AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency,thenewcoronavirusissimilartoavirusfoundinabatin2017andprobablyhasanintermediatehost（中间宿主）.It’sbelievedthatthevirusoriginatedfromtheHuananSeafoodMarketinWuhan,Hubeiprovince,wherelivewildanimalsweresold.

TheWallStreetJournalreportedthatDrPeterDaszak,presidentoftheUS-basedhealthorganizationEcoHealthAlliance,said,“Thisoutbreakisalessonforus.Onaglobalscale（规模）,humanpopulationdensity（密度）,wildlifediversity,andlandusechangearewhatdrivenewpandemics（流行病）.”

Inancienttimes,peopleneededtorelyonnaturetosurvivesotheyhelditinawe（敬畏）.Fore