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版英语大一轮复习讲义话题版全国主题语境一练习Unit4

2019年4月

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountainatallcost.Icouldhardlywaittotrythisadventure(冒险)again.(2018·天津)

2.Theindustryhasalsotakenaim(目标)attheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement.

(2018·浙江)

3.Theproposalattempts(尝试)todealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles.(2017·天津)

4.Somepeopleliveonlydreamingaboutitwhileotherslivetoavoid(避免)everclimbingatall.

(2018·天津)

5.Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chances(机会)areyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.(2018·江苏)

6.Itiswellworthmakinganeffort(努力)topromotethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.

7.Ithoughtofmyheadteacheroneday,whoalwaysencouraged(鼓励)usnottoloseheartandbehopefulaboutthefuturewhenwewereintrouble.

8.Inviewofhiseducationalbackgroundandexperience(经历),noonedoubtshissuitabilityasaleader.

9.Itfoundmanyyoungstersnowmeasure(衡量)theirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.(2018·江苏)

10.Thoughhehadtriedtoovercome(战胜)hisshyness,hedidn’tmakeitintheend.

11.Forthispurpose(目的),selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.(2018·全国Ⅱ)

12.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitialstruggle(挣扎),foundhissymptomswerestrangelyreducedbytheirdailytiringjourney.(2018·江苏)

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.WhatIsawwascompletely(complete)unlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthepast.Thisnewnessjustleftmewantingmore.(2017·全国Ⅰ)

2.J.K.Rowlingdonates

30milliontohelpthedisadvantaged(disadvantage)children.

3.Childrenbecameincreasinglyanxious(anxiety)aboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.

4.AtfirstRobertwouldn’tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegaveinasshewassoconfident(confidence)aboutherskills.

5.Hewasdisabledfrombirth,butheneverfeltfrustrated.Nordidhegiveintoanydifficulty(difficult).

6.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailures(fail)attheendofyearwillhelpshapeyouryearahead.

(2017·江苏)

7.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentially(potential)goingtosavesomebody’slife.(2016·全国Ⅰ)

8.Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewarding(reward)partsofourlives.(2016·四川)

9.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition(ambitious),energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.(2018·浙江)

10.Asuccessful(success)artsneighborhoodcreatesarippleeffect(连锁反应)throughoutacommunity.(2018·江苏)

Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1.Myaimistotheworldofliteratureandtheworldofgreatwriterstocultivatemymind.

2.Theboysmadeattempttoleaveforcampingbutwerestoppedbytheirparents.

3.Thetwolostboyshappenedtocomeintoacavewheretheydiscoveredsomeveryvaluablepre-historicalrockpaintingsbythechance.

4.AllthenoisemakesithardformetofullyconcentratethebookI’mtryingtoread.

5.Thankstothesupportofherfriendsandrelatives,herdreamofestablishingashelterforthedisadvantagedhasbeencometrue.

6.Driverlesscarsmayendupaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown.

(2017·天津)

Ⅳ.选词填空

1.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachacompromisebetweenwhattheywantandwhattheyareexpected.

2.Thisgenerouslove,encouragespeopleallaroundtheworldtofightforthewell-beingofallpeoplefearlessly.

3.Youwillneverknowwhatshewentthroughtoeducateherchildren.

4.ItwasmyEnglishteacherwhoencouragedmenottoloseheartwhenIwasfacedwithdifficultiesinmyEnglishlearning.

5.Tomakeprogressatareasonablerate,you’llneedtocommitatleastanhouradaytopracticethepiano.

6.Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.(2018·全国Ⅱ)

7.Withsomanyreferencebooksonthisromanticpoetformetochoosefrom,Ican’tmakeupmymindwhichtochoose.

8.Receivingagoodeducationisrathercostlybutitshouldpayoffinthelongrun.

9.Chinaistakingpainstoensuretheactiontakentoprotecttheenvironmenteffectively.

10.Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.

Ⅴ.同义词语替换

1.Travelnotonlygivesmetheopportunitytounderstandtheworld,butalsobringsmetoachievethedreamofexploringdifferentscenery.realize

2.Difficultasthetaskwas,hestillstucktoitandtookpainstocompleteit.madeeveryeffort

3.Surprisingly,thereislittleevidencetobackupthisopinionthatkeepingavegetariandietcanbenefitthehealthandfightagainstheartdisease.support

4.Ifindithardtoconcentrateonmystudieswithsomepeoplehavingsmalltalksaroundme.focuson

5.Theywillstartacampaigntoencourageawarenessofenvironmentalissues.promote

(1)achieveone’saims/goals达到目标

achievesuccess获得成功

(2)achievementn.成就;功业;完成;达到

asenseofachievement成就感

makegreatachievements取得巨大的成功

(1)Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadarealsenseofachievement(成就感).

(2)Hewasofferingawayforustochangeourlivesandachieveourdreams(实现我们的梦想).

(2016·江苏)

(3)Inthelastfewyears,Chinahasmadegreatachievements(取得了巨大成就)inenvironmentalprotection.

易错点拨

achievement作“完成,达到”解时为不可数名词;作“成就,功绩”解时是可数名词。

(1)attempttodo...尝试(试图)做……

(2)makeanattempttodo/(at)doing...尝试做……

atthefirstattempt第一次尝试

(3)attemptedadj.未遂的

(1)Inanattempttoencouragethestudentstodosomereadingandprovidethestudentswithmoregoodbooks,ourschoolisplanningtoholdtheReadingFestivalinthelibrarynextFriday.

(2)Policesaythey’retreatingitasacaseofattempted(attempt)murder.

(3)Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefirstattempt(第一次尝试).

(4)[同义句改写] Theyattemptedtoclimb(climb)thathill.

→Theymadeanattempttoclimb/(at)climbingthathill.

1avoiddoing...避免做……

2avoidableadj.可避免的

(1)Deathscausedbycarelessdrivingareavoidable(avoid).

(2)CCTVsaysthatastormwillhitourcity.Inordertoavoidbeingcaught(catch),wemusttakeourraincoatwithus.

(3)[单句改错] Sheavoidsondarkstreetsatnight.

易错点拨

(1)avoid后接动词时要用动名词,不接不定式,且后不接that从句。

(2)avoid通常指“成功地避免”,如果表示“企图避免”,应用trytoavoid。

challengen.挑战;难题;质疑

vt.挑战;怀疑

(1)meet/face/issueachallenge应对/面临/发起挑战

(2)challengesb.to(do)sth.向某人挑战(做)某事

(3)challengingadj.有挑战性的;有吸引力的

challengedadj.受到挑战的

(1)Shegavehimachallenging(challenge)look.“Areyoureallysure?

”shedemanded.

(2)Theoppositionleaderchallengedtheprimeministertocall(call)anelection.

(3)Ichallengedhimtoagameoftennis.

[熟词生义] 选择句子中challenge的汉语意思

(4)Ididnotthinkhewasright,soIchallengedhim.A

A.质疑  B.驳斥  C.挑战

costv.使付费;价钱为;使损失

n.价格;费用;代价

(1)atthecostof以……为代价

atacostof以……的费用/价格

atanycost(=atallcosts)以任何代价,不惜一切代价

(2)costsb.sth.使某人失去……

(1)Wemustatallcosts/atanycostpreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan.

我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。

(2)Hesavedhisdaughterfromthefire,butonlyatthecostofhisownlife.

他从大火中救出了他的女儿,但却牺牲了自己的生命。

(3)Heboughtthepianoatacostof500dollars.

他花500美元买下了这架钢琴。

(4)Onemistakecosthimhisjob.

一个错误让他丢了工作。

desiren.渴望;欲望;渴求;渴望的人或物

vt.希望得到;想要

(1)haveastrongdesire

(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事

desiresb.todosth.希望某人做某事

desirethat...(should)do...渴望……

(3)desirableadj.理想的;值得拥有的;可取的

(1)Hedesiredtobring(bring)backtheso-callednewfourinventionsbacktohishomecountry.

(2)Shehasastrongdesireforknowledgeandwantstogotocollegeverymuch.

(3)[一句多译] 他母亲希望他成为一名老师。

①Hismotherdesiredhimtobe/becomeateacher.

②Hismotherdesiredthathe(should)be/becomeateacher.

易错点拨 desire不用于进行时态,后接宾语从句或同位语从句,从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。

(1)devote...to...把……致力于……,专心于……

devoteoneselfto献身于;致力于

(2)devotedadj.挚爱的;忠实的,忠诚的

bedevotedto致力于;献身于;热爱……

(3)devotionn.奉献;关照;忠诚

(1)Mostchildrenlongforandneedaloving,devoted(devote)andresponsiblefather.

(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)

(2)Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuilding(build)aharmonioussociety.

[句式升级]

(3)Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.

①Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

②Devotedtocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

guaranteevt.保证;担保

n.保证;担保;保修单

(1)guaranteesb.sth.保证某人某事

guaranteetodosth./that...保证做某事;确保……

beguaranteedtodosth.肯定会……;必定会……

(2)underguarantee在保修期内

givesb.aguaranteethat...向某人担保/保证……

(1)Iguaranteetopay(pay)offhisdebts.

(2)Thecarislessthanayearold,soitisstillunderguarantee.

(3)[一句多译] 我们保证在一周内将货物送到。

①Weguaranteetodeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteev.;简单句)

②Weguaranteethatwewilldeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteev.;复合句)

③Wegiveaguaranteethatwewilldeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteen.)

insiston/upondoingsth.坚持做某事

insistthat...坚持认为……;坚决要求……

(1)Thedoctorinsistedthatshewas(be)seriouslyillandthatshe(should)beoperated(operate)onimmediately.

(2)[一句多译] 他坚持要我同他一起去。

①HeinsistedthatI(should)gowithhim.

②Heinsistedonme/mygoingwithhim.

③HeinsistedonitthatI(should)gowithhim.

易错点拨

(1)insist表示“坚持说,坚持认为”时,其后的宾语从句用陈述语气;表示“坚决主张,坚持要求”时,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should)do”。

(2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接动名词,遇此情况要用insiston/upon。

insist后也不接带不定式的复合结构。

(1)managetodo设法做

manageit能做到

managesth.经营/管理……

(2)succeedindoing...成功地做成了……

trytodo...努力做……(不一定成功)

(1)Later,engineersmanagedtoconstruct(construct)railwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels,whichbecameknownastheTube.(2017·全国Ⅱ)

(2)Theboxisheavy,butIcanmanageit(拿得动).

(1)provesth.

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