张剑黄皮书考研英语真题及解析.docx
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张剑黄皮书考研英语真题及解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions：
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）
Teachers
needto
beaware
of
the
emotional,intellectual,
and
physical
changes
that
young
adults
experience.
Andtheyalso
needto
give
serious
1
to
howthey
canbest
2
suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjust
inwaysthatemphasizecompetition.
4
theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodies
and
awhole
host
of
new
intellectual
and
emotional
challenges,
teenagers
are
especially
self-conscious
andneedthe5that
comesfrom
achievingsuccess
and
knowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare
6
byothers.However,thetypical
teenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe
7
toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,
8
，publishing
newsletters
with
manystudent-written
book
reviews,
9
student
artwork,
and
sponsoring
book
discussion
clubs.
Avariety
of
small
clubs
can
provide
10
opportunities
for
leadership,
aswell
asfor
practice
in
successful
11
dynamics.
Making
friends
is
extremely
important
toteenagers,
andmanyshystudents
needthe
12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.
In
theseactivities,
it
isimportant
torememberthat
the
youngteenshave14
attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized
15participants
canremainactive
aslong
asthey
wantandthen
goonto16
else
without
feeling
guiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants
17
.Thisdoesnotmeanthat
adults
mustaccept
irresponsibility.
18they
canhelp
students
acquire
asense
ofcommitmentby
19forrolesthatarewithintheir20
andtheirattention
spansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.
1.
[A]thought
[B]idea
[C]opinion
[D]advice
2.
[A]strengthen
[B]accommodate
[C]stimulate
[D]enhance
3.
[A]care
[B]nutrition
[C]exercise
[D]leisure
4.
[A]If
[B]Although
[C]Whereas
[D]Because
5.
[A]assistance
[B]guidance
[C]confidence
[D]tolerance
6.
[A]claimed
[B]admired
[C]ignored
[D]surpassed
7.
[A]improper
[B]risky
[C]fair
[D]wise
8.
[A]ineffect
[B]asaresult
[C]forexample
[D]inasense
9.
[A]
displaying
[B]
describing
[C]
creating
[D]
exchanging
10.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple
11.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel
corporation
[D]
12.
[A]consent
[B]insurance
[C]admission
[D]security
13.
[A]particularly
[B]barely
[C]definitely[D]rarely
14.
[A]similar
[B]long
[C]different
[D]short
15.
[A]ifonly
[B]nowthat
[C]sothat
[D]evenif
16.
[A]
everything
[B]
anything
[C]
nothing
[D]
something
17.
[A]off
[B]down
[C]out
[D]alone
18.
[A]
Onthecontrary[B]
Ontheaverage
[C]
Onthewhole
[D]Onthe
otherhand
19.
[A]making
[B]standing
[C]planning
[D]taking
20.
[A]
capability
[B]
responsibility
[C]
proficiency
[D]
efficiency
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwho
built
the
Office
of
Strategic
Services
in
the
World
WarⅡand
later
laid
the
roots
fortheCIAwas
fascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatever
tools
cameto
handinthe
“great
game”of
espionage—spying
as
a“profession.
”
Thesedaysthe
Net,
which
hasalready
re-madesucheveryday
pastimes
asbuying
books
andsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan
’svocationaswell.
The
latest
revolution
isn’t
simply
a
matter
of
gentlemen
reading
other
gentlemen’se-mail.
That
kind
of
electronic
spying
hasbeengoing
onfor
decades.
In
the
pastthree
orfour
years,
the
World
WideWebhasgiven
birth
to
awholeindustry
ofpoint-and-clic
kspying.
Thespookscall
it
“open
sourceintelligence,
”andas
the
Netgrows,
it
is
becoming
increasingly
influential.
In1995the
CIAheld
acontest
to
seewhocouldcompile
the
mostdata
about
Burundi.
Thewinner,
byalarge
margin,
wasatiny
Virginia
companycalled
Open-Source
Solutions
，whoseclearadvantage
was
itsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.
Amongthe
firms
makingthe
biggest
splash
inthe
newworld
is
Straitford,
Inc.,
aprivate
intelligence-analysis
firm
basedin
Austin,
Texas.Straitford
makesmoney
by
selling
the
results
of
spying
（covering
nations
from
Chile
to
Russia）
to
corporations
like
energy-services
firm
McDermott
International.
Manyof
its
predictionsareavailableonlineat
presidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseesthe
online
worldasakindof
mutually
reinforcing
tool
for
bothinformation
collection
anddistribution,aspymaster
’sdream.Lastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingup
data
bits
from
the
far
cornersofthe
world
andpredicting
acrisis
in
Ukraine.
“As
soon
asthat
report
runs,
we’ll
suddenlyget
500newinternetsign-ups
from
Ukraine,
”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.
“Andwe’llhear
backfromsomeof
them.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshave
itsrisks,ofcourse,since
itcanbedifficult
to
tell
goodinformation
frombad.That’swhereStraitford
earns
itskeep.
Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembers
havemilitary-intelligence
backgrounds.Hesees
the
firm’soutsider
status
asthe
keytoitssuccess.Straitford
’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashington
back-and-forthing,
wherebyagencies
avoid
dramatic
declarations
onthechancethey
mightbewrong.Straitford,
saysFriedman,takes
pride
inits
independentvoice.
21.TheemergenceoftheNethas.
[A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan
[B]remoldedtheintelligenceservices
[C]restoredmanycommonpastimes
[D]revivedspyingasaprofession
22.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto.
[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying
[B]showhowhefoughtfortheUS
[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar
[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA
23.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”（line1,paragraph3）mostprobably
means.
[A]causingthebiggesttrouble
[B]exertingthegreatesteffort
[C]achievingthegreatestsuccess
[D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity
24.
Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that.
[A]straitford
’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue
[B]straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation
[C]straitford
’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability
[D]straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation
25.
Straitfordismostproudofits
.
[A]officialstatus
[B]nonconformistimage
[C]efficientstaff
[D]militarybackground
Text2
Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,triumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.
“all
thatisneededforthe”Onesuchcausenow
seekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverights
rulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimal
rights
advocates,
whoseargumentsare
confusing
the
public
andthereby
threatening
advances
in
health
knowledge
andcare.
Leaders
ofthe
animal
rights
movementtarget
biomedical
research
because
it
dependsonpublic
funding,
andfewpeople
understand
theprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsin
research
settings,
manyare
perplexed
thatanyonewoulddeliberately
harmananimal.
Forexample,
agrandmotherly
womanstaffing
ananimal
rights
booth
atarecent
street
fair
wasdistributing
abrochure
thatencouraged
readers
not
to
useanything
thatcomesfromoristestedinanimals
—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedif
sheopposedimmunizations,
shewantedto
knowif
vaccines
comefrom
animal
research.
Whenassured
that
they
do,
shereplied,
“ThenI
wouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhat
willhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,
“Don’tworry,scientistswillfind
somewayofusingcomputers.
”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon
’tunderstand.
Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,
understandableway
—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.We
needto
makeclear
the
connection
betweenanimal
research
andagrandmother’ship
replacement,
afather
’sbypass
operation,
ababy’svaccinations,
andevenapet’s
shots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethese
treatments,
aswell
asnewtreatments
andvaccines,
animal
research
seemswasteful
atbestandcruelatworst.
Muchcanbedone.
Scient
升级会员 