张剑黄皮书考研英语真题及解析.docx

1、张剑黄皮书考研英语真题及解析2003 年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachersneed tobe awareoftheemotional, intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.And

2、they alsoneed togiveserious1tohow theycan best2such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not justin ways that emphasize competition.4they are adjusting to their new bodiesanda wholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousand need the 5 thatcomes f

3、romachieving successandknowing that their accomplishments are6by others. However, the typicalteenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be7to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,8， publishingnewsletterswithmany student-writtenbookreviews,9stude

4、ntartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.A varietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,as wellas forpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportantto teenagers,and many shy studentsneed the12of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the backg

5、round.Inthese activities,itis importantto remember thattheyoung teens have 14attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized15 participantscan remain activeas longas theywant and thengo on to 16elsewithoutfeelingguilty and without letting the other participants17. This does not mean tha

6、tadultsmust acceptirresponsibility.18 theycan helpstudentsacquirea senseof commitment by19 for roles that are within their 20and their attentionspans and by having clearly stated rules.1.A thoughtB ideaC opinionD advice2.A strengthenB accommodateC stimulateD enhance3.A careB nutritionC exerciseD lei

7、sure4.A IfB AlthoughC WhereasD Because5.A assistanceB guidanceC confidenceD tolerance6.A claimedB admiredC ignoredD surpassed7.A improperB riskyC fairD wise8.A in effectB as a resultC for exampleD in a sense9.AdisplayingBdescribingCcreatingDexchanging10. A durable B excessive C surplus D multiple11.

8、 A group B individual C personnelcorporationD12.A consentB insuranceC admissionD security13.A particularlyB barelyC definitely D rarely14.A similarB longC differentD short15.A if onlyB now thatC so thatD even if16.AeverythingBanythingCnothingDsomething17.A offB downC outD alone18.AOn the contrary BO

9、n the averageCOn the wholeD On theother hand19.A makingB standingC planningD taking20.AcapabilityBresponsibilityCproficiencyDefficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on A

10、NSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster whobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWar andlaterlaidtherootsfor the CIA wasfascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatevertoolscame tohand in the“ greatgame” ofespionage

11、 spyingasa “profession.”These days theNet,whichhas alreadyre-made such everydaypastimesas buyingbooksand sending mail, is reshaping Donovan s vocation as well.Thelatestrevolutionisn tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen s e-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghas been goingon fordecades.Inthepas

12、t threeor fouryears,theWorldWide Webhas givenbirthtoa whole industryof point-and-click spying.The spooks callit“opensource intelligence,” and astheNet grows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In 1995 theCIA helda contesttosee who could compilethemost dataaboutBurundi.The winner,by a largemargin,was

13、 a tinyVirginiacompany calledOpen-SourceSolutions， whose clear advantagewasits mastery of the electronic world.Among thefirmsmaking thebiggestsplashin thenew worldisStraitford,Inc.,a privateintelligence-analysisfirmbased inAustin,Texas. Straitfordmakes moneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnation

14、sfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Many ofitspredictions are available online atpresident George Friedman says he sees theonlineworld as a kind ofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforboth informationcollectionand distribution, a spymaster s dream. Last week his firm

15、was busy vacuuming updatabitsfromthefarcorners of theworldand predictinga crisisinUkraine.“ Assoonas thatreportruns,we llsuddenly get500 new internet sign-upsfromUkraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor.“ And we ll hearback from some ofthem. ” Open-source spying does haveits ris

16、ks, of course, sinceit can be difficulttotellgood informationfrom bad. That s where Straitfordearnsits keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff membershave military-intelligencebackgrounds. He seesthefirm s outsiderstatusas thekey to its success. Straitford s briefs

17、 don t sound like the usual Washingtonback-and-forthing,whereby agenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationson the chance theymight be wrong. Straitford,says Friedman, takespridein itsindependent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .Areceived support from fans like DonovanBremolded the intelligence services

18、Crestored many common pastimesDrevived spying as a profession22. Donovan s story is mentioned in the text to .Aintroduce the topic of online spyingBshow how he fought for the USCgive an episode of the information warDhonor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “ making the biggest splash ” (l

19、ine 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .Acausing the biggest troubleBexerting the greatest effortCachieving the greatest successDenjoying the widest popularity24.It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .A straitford s prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB straitford guarantees the truthfulness of

20、 its informationC straitford s business is characterized by unpredictabilityD straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25.Straitford is most proud of its.Aofficial statusBnonconformist imageCefficient staffDmilitary backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th -century statesman Edmund Burke,

21、triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.“ allthat is needed for the ” One such cause nowseeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rightsruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animalrightsadvocates,whose arguments

22、areconfusingthepublicand therebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeand care.Leadersof theanimalrightsmovement targetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdepends on publicfunding,and few peopleunderstandthe process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals inresearchsettings,many arep

23、erplexedthat anyone would deliberatelyharm an animal.For example,a grandmotherlywomanstaffingan animalrightsboothat a recentstreetfairwas distributinga brochurethat encouragedreadersnottouse anythingthat comes from or is tested in animals no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked ifshe opposed immunizati

24、ons,she wanted toknow ifvaccinescome fromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,she replied,“Then Iwould have to say yes. ” Asked whatwill happen when epidemics return, she said,“ Don t worry, scientists will findsome way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists mu

25、st communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. Weneed tomake cleartheconnectionbetween animalresearchand a grandmother s hipreplacement,a father s bypassoperation,a baby s vaccinations,and even a pet sshots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce thesetreatments,as wellas new treatmentsand vaccines,animalresearchseems wastefulat best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scient