金融保险ISBP国际标准银行实务中文.docx

金融保险ISBP国际标准银行实务中文.docx

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金融保险ISBP国际标准银行实务中文

InternationalStandardBankingPractice

Foreword

ThepublicationInternationalStandardBankingPracticefortheExaminationofDocumentsunderDocumentaryLettersofCreditistheproductof2.5yearsofworkbyataskforceoftheICCBankingCommission.ItwasapprovedbythefullCommissionatitsmeetinginRomeinOctober2002,atwhichtime,theCommissionvotedtomakeitanofficialdocumentoftheICC.

TheISBP,asitismorecommonlycalled,isapracticalcomplementtoUCP500,ICC'suniversallyusedrulesondocumentarycredits.AlthoughitdoesnotamendtheUCP,itexplains,inexplicitdetail,howtherulesaretobeappliedonaday-to-daybasis.Assuch,itfillsaneededgapbetweenthegeneralprinciplesannouncedintherulesandthedailyworkofthedocumentarycreditpractitioner.

ThetaskforcethatdevelopedtheISBPwasmeticulousinseekingtodocumentinternationalpracticeinthefield.ItstartedbyaskingICCnationalcommitteesandmemberstosendchecklistsonhowdocumentswereexaminedintheirbanks.Some39nationalcommitteesandasubstantialnumberofindividualbanksresponded.Cullingthesecommentsrequired14taskforcemeetingsandfourdifferentdraftsbeforetheISBPwasfinallyinashapetobeapproved.

Thetaskforcedeservesconsiderablecreditforhavingproceededsocarefully.TheobjectoftheexercisewastodocumentinternationalstandardbankingpracticefortheexaminationofdocumentsundertheUCP;itwasnottoreportonindividualcountrypracticesthatmaydifferinsomewayfromthenorm.TheUCPwascreatedtobringuniformitytoafieldinwhichindividualpracticesoftendiffered,tothedetrimentofdocumentarypractitionersinallcountries.ByusingtheISBP,documentcheckerscanbringtheirpracticesinlinewiththosefollowedbytheircolleaguesworldwide.Theresultshouldbeasignificantreductioninthenumberofdocumentsrefusedfordiscrepanciesonfirstpresentation.

MariaLivanosCattaui

SecretaryGeneral

InternationalChamberofCommerce

Paris,France

December2002

Introduction

AtitsMay2000meetingtheCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPracticeoftheInternationalChamberofCommerce（ICCBankingCommission）establishedataskforcetodocumentinternationalstandardbankingpracticefortheexaminationofdocumentspresentedunderdocumentarycreditsissuedsubjecttotheUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits,theInternationalChamberofCommerce'sPublicationNo.500（UCP）.

TheinternationalstandardbankingpracticesdocumentedinthispublicationareconsistentwiththeUCPandtheOpinionsandDecisionsoftheICCBankingCommission.ThisdocumentdoesnotamendUCP.ItexplainshowthepracticesarticulatedintheUCParetobeappliedbydocumentarypractitioners.Itis,ofcourse,recognizedthatthelawinsomecountriesmaycompeladifferentpracticethanthatstatedhere.NosinglepublicationcananticipateallthetermsorthedocumentsthatmaybeusedinconnectionwithdocumentarycreditsortheirinterpretationundertheUCPandthestandardpracticeitreflects.However,thetaskforcepreparingthispublicationhasendeavouredtocovertermscommonlyseenonaday-to-daybasisandthedocumentsmostoftenpresentedunderdocumentarycredits.

ItshouldbenotedthatanyterminadocumentarycreditwhichmodifiesoraffectstheapplicabilityofaprovisionoftheUCPmayalsohaveanimpactoninternationalstandardbankingpractice.Therefore,inconsideringthepracticesdescribedinthispublication,partiesmusttakeintoaccountanyterminadocumentarycreditthatexpresslyexcludesormodifiesaprovisioninanarticleoftheUCP.Thisprincipleisimplicitthroughoutthispublication,whetherornotstated,butitissometimesexpresslyrepeatedforpurposesofemphasisorforillustration.Whereexamplesaregiven,thesearesolelyforthepurposeofillustrationandarenotexhaustive.Thispublicationreflectsinternationalstandardbankingpracticeforallpartiestoadocumentarycredit.Sinceapplicants'obligations,rights,andremediesdependupontheirundertakingwiththeissuingbank,theperformanceoftheunderlyingtransaction,andthetimelinessofanyobjectionunderapplicablelawandpractice,applicantsshouldnotassumethattheymayrelyontheseprovisionsinordertoexcusetheirobligationstoreimbursetheissuingbank.Theincorporationofthispublicationintothetermsofadocumentarycreditshouldbediscouraged,astherequirementtofollowagreedpracticesisimplicitintheUCP.BecausethispublicationreflectscurrentdocumentarycreditpracticeasprovidedbyICCnationalcommitteesandindividualICCmembers,itwillbeofconsiderableuseintheformulationofanyfuturerevisionoftheUCP.

PRELIMINARYCONSIDERATIONS

Theapplicationandissuanceofthecredit

1）Thetermsofacreditareindependentoftheunderlyingtransactionevenifacreditexpresslyreferstothattransaction.Toavoidunnecessarycosts,delays,anddisputesintheexaminationofdocuments,however,theapplicantandbeneficiaryshouldcarefullyconsiderwhichdocumentsshouldberequired,bywhomtheyshouldbeproduced,andthetimeframeforpresentation.

2）Theapplicantbearstheriskofanyambiguityinitsinstructionstoissueoramendacredit.Unlessexpresslystatedotherwise,arequesttoissueoramendacreditauthorizesanissuertosupplementordevelopthetermsinamannernecessaryordesirabletopermittheuseofthecredit.

3）TheapplicantshouldbeawarethattheUCPcontainsArticlessuchasArticles13,20,21,23,24,26,27,28,39,40,46and47thatdefinetermsinamannerthatmayproduceunexpectedresultsunlesstheapplicantfullyacquaintsitselfwiththeseprovisions.Forexample,acreditrequiringpresentationofamarinebillofladingandcontainingaprohibitionagainsttranshipmentwill,inmostcases,havetoexcludeUCPsub-Article23（d）tomaketheprohibitionagainsttranshipmenteffective.

4）Acreditshouldnotrequirepresentationofdocumentsthataretobeissuedand/orcountersignedbytheapplicant.Ifacreditisissuedincludingsuchterms,thebeneficiarymusteitherseekamendmentorcomplywiththemandbeartheriskoffailuretodoso.

5）Manyoftheproblemsthatariseattheexaminationstagecouldbeavoidedorresolvedbycarefulattentiontodetailintheunderlyingtransaction,thecreditapplication,andissuanceofthecreditasdiscussed.

GENERALPRINCIPLES

Abbreviations

6）Theuseofgenerallyacceptedabbreviations,forexample"Ltd."insteadof"Limited","Int'l"insteadof"International","Co."insteadof"Company","kgs"or"kos."insteadof"kilos","Ind"insteadof"Industry","mfr"insteadof"manufacturer"or"mt"insteadof"metrictons"-orviceversa-doesnotmakeadocumentdiscrepant.

7）Virgules（slashmarks"/"）mayhavedifferentmeanings,andunlessapparentinthecontextused,shouldnotbeusedasasubstituteforaword.

Certificationsanddeclarations

8）Acertification,declarationorthelikemayeitherbeaseparatedocumentorcontainedwithinanotherdocumentasrequiredbythecredit.Ifthecertificationordeclarationappearsinanotherdocumentwhichissignedanddated,anycertificationordeclarationappearingonthatdocumentdoesnotrequireaseparatesignatureordateifthecertificationordeclarationappearstohavebeengivenbythesameentitythatissuedandsignedthedocument.

Correctionsandalterations

9）Correctionsandalterationsofinformationordataindocuments,otherthandocumentscreatedbythebeneficiary,mustappeartobeauthenticatedbythepartywhoissuedthedocumentorbyapartyauthorizedbytheissuertodoso.Correctionsandalterationsindocumentswhichhavebeenlegalized,visaed,orthelike,mustappeartobeauthenticatedbythepartywholegalized,visaed,etc.,thedocument.Theauthenticationmustshowbywhomtheauthenticationhasbeenmadeandincludethatparty'ssignatureorinitials.Iftheauthenticationappearstohavebeenmadebyapartyotherthantheissuerofthedocument,theauthenticationmustclearlyshowinwhichcapacitythatpartyhasauthenticatedthecorrectionoralteration.

10）Correctionsandalterationsindocumentsissuedbythebeneficiaryitself,exceptdrafts,whichhavenotbeenlegalized,visaedorthelike,neednotbeauthenticated.Seealso"Draftsandcalculationofmaturitydate".

11）Theuseofmultipletypestylesorfontsizesorhandwritinginthesamedocumentdoesnot,byitself,signifyacorrectionoralteration.

12）Whereadocumentcontainsmorethanonecorrectionoralteration,eithereachcorrectionmustbeauthenticatedseparatelyoroneauthenticationmustbelinkedtoallcorrectionsinanappropriateway.Forexample,ifthedocumentshowsthreecorrectionsnumbered1,2and3,onestatementsuchas"Correctionnumbers1,2and3aboveauthorizedbyXXX"orsimilar,willsatisfytherequirementforauthentication.

Dates

13）Drafts,transportdocumentsandinsurancedocumentsmustbedatedevenifacreditdoesnotexpresslysorequire.Arequirementthatadocument,otherthanthosementionedabove,bedated,maybesatisfiedbyreferenceinthedocumenttothedateofanotherdocumentformingpartofthesamepresentation（e.g.whereashippingcertificateisissuedwhichstates"dateasperbillofladingnumberxxx"orsimilarterms）.Althoughitisexpectedthatarequiredcertificateordeclarationinaseparatedocumentbedated,itscompliancewilldependonthetypeofcertificationordeclarationthathasbeenrequested,itsrequiredwording,andthewordingthatappearswithinit.Whetherotherdocumentsrequiredatingwilldependonthenatureandcon