雅思阅读考情回顾.docx

资源描述

雅思阅读考情回顾.docx

《雅思阅读考情回顾.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《雅思阅读考情回顾.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

雅思阅读考情回顾.docx

雅思阅读考情回顾

2018年11月10日雅思阅读考情回顾

一、考试时间：

2018年11月10日（周六）

二、考试概述：

本次考试三篇全部是经典题库文章。

第一篇Thehistoryofcarindustry，通过汽车行业的大亨们的发家史，来介绍汽车工业的发展。

这是2016年8月13日和2019年8月13日的旧题。

第二篇是很多同学都有所涉及的与疟疾相关的文章，TheConquestofMalariainItaly，这一篇在2014年7月10日，2011年11月5日，2009年9月5日有出现过。

第三篇Knowledge-medicine医学知识，介绍的是医疗环境中医生通常采取的医治方法以及病人对自身情况的认知，这是2013年3月23日的旧题。

三、文章简介

Passage1:

Thehistoryofcarindustry汽车产业的历史

Passage2:

TheConquestofMalariainItaly,1900-1962意⼤利疟疾

Passage3:

Knowledge-medicine医学知识

四、篇章分析：

Passage1：

文章内容

讲述的是不同国家的汽车发展史，以及不同时间段内技术的发展及应⽤

题型分布与答案参考

判断题

1.TRUE

2.FALSE

3.NOTGIVEN

4.FALSE

5.FALSE

6.NOTGIVEN

7.TRUE

填空题

8.France

9.Engine

10.Colour

11.Frame

12.暂⽆相关答案

13.暂⽆相关答案

相关拓展

AThehistoryoftheautomobilebeginsasearlyas1769,withthecreationofsteamenginedautomobilescapableofhumantransport.In1806,thefirstcarspoweredbyaninternalcombustionenginerunningonfuelgasappeared,whichledtotheintroductionin1885oftheubiquitousmodernpetrol-fueledinternalcombustionengine.

BItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatthefirstreallypracticalautomobileswithpetrol/gasoline-poweredinternalcombustionengineswerecompletedalmostsimultaneouslybyseveralGermaninventorsworkingindependently:

KarlBenzbuilthisfirstautomobilein1885inMannheim.Benzwasgrantedapatentforhisautomobileon29January1886,andbeganthefirstproductionofautomobilesin1888inacompanylaterbecamethefamousMercedes-Benz.

CAtthebeginningofthecenturytheautomobileenteredthetransportationmarketfortherich.Thedriversofthedaywereanadventurouslot,goingoutineverykindofweather,unprotectedbyanenclosedbody,orevenaconvertibletop.Everyoneintownknewwhoownedwhatcarandthecarsweresoontobecomeeachindividual'stokenofidentity.However,itbecameincreasinglypopularamongthegeneralpopulationbecauseitgavetravelersthefreedomtotravelwhentheywantedtoandwheretheywanted.Asaresult,inNorthAmericaandEuropetheautomobilebecamecheaperandmoreaccessibletothemiddleclass.ThiswasfacilitatedbyHenryFordwhodidtwoimportantthings.Firsthepricedhiscartobeasaffordableaspossibleandsecond,hepaidhisworkersenoughtobeabletopurchasethecarstheyweremanufacturing.

DTheassemblylinestyleofmassproductionandinterchangeablepartshadbeenpioneeredintheU.S.ThisconceptwasgreatlyexpandedbyHenryFord,beginningin1914.Thelarge-scale,production-linemanufacturingofaffordableautomobileswasdebutedFord'scarscameoffthelineinfifteenminuteintervals,muchfasterthanpreviousmethods,increasingproductivityeightfold（requiring12.5man-hoursbefore,1hour33minutesafter）,whileusinglessmanpower.Ford'scomplexsafetyprocedures—especiallyassigningeachworkertoaspecificlocationinsteadofallowingthemtoroamabout—dramaticallyreducedtherateofinjury.Thecombinationofhighwagesandhighefficiencyiscalled"Fordism,"andwascopiedbymostmajorindustries.

ETheoriginalJeepvehiclethatfirstappearedastheprototypeBantamBRCbecametheprimarylight4-wheel-drivevehicleoftheUnitedStatesArmyandAlliesandmadeahugeleapinsaleduringWorldWarIT,aswellasthepostwarperiod.ManyJeepvariantsservingsimilarmilitaryandcivilianroleshavesincebeencreatedandkeptbeingimprovedongeneralperformanceinothernations.

FThroughoutthe1950s,enginepowerandvehiclespeedsrose,designsbecamemoreintegratedandartful,andcarsspreadacrosstheworld.Themarketchangedsomewhatinthe1960s,asDetroitbegantoworryaboutforeigncompetition,theEuropeanmakersadoptedever-highertechnology,andJapanappearedasaseriouscar-producingnation.GeneralMotors,Chrysler,andFordtriedradicalsmallcars,liketheGMA-bodies,buthadlittlesuccess.CaptiveimportsandbadgeengineeringsweptthroughtheUSandUKasamalgamatedgroupsliketheBritishMotorCorporationconsolidatedthemarket.BMC'srevolutionaryspace-savingMini,whichfirstappearedin1959,capturedlargesalesworldwide.MinisweremarketedundertheAustinandMorrisnames,untilMinibecameamarqueinitsownrightin1969.ThetrendforcorporateconsolidationreachedItalyasnichemakerslikeMaserati,Ferrari,andLanciawereacquiredbylargercompanies.Bytheendofthedecade,thenumberofautomobilemarqueshadbeengreatlyreduced.

GInAmerica,performancebecameaprimefocusofmarketing,exemplifiedbyponycarsandmusclecars.Buteverythingchangedinthe1970sasthe1973oilcrisis,automobileemissionscontrolrules,JapaneseandEuropeanimports,andstagnantinnovationwreakedhavocontheAmericanindustry.Thoughsomewhatironically,full-sizesedansstagedamajorcomebackintheyearsbetweentheenergycrisis,withmakessuchasCadillacandLincolnstagingtheirbestsalesyearseverinthelate70s.SmallperformancecarsfromBMW,Toyota,andNissantooktheplaceofbig-enginedcarsfromAmericaandItaly.

HOnthetechnologyfront,thebiggestdevelopmentsinPost-warerawerethewidespreaduseofindependentsuspensions,widerapplicationoffuelinjection,andanincreasingfocusonsafetyinthedesignofautomobiles.Thehottesttechnologiesofthe1960swereNSU's"Wankelengine",thegasturbine,andtheturbocharger.Ofthese,onlythelast,pioneeredbyGeneralMotorsbutpopularisedbyBMWandSaab,wastoseewidespreaduse.Mazdahadmuchsuccesswithits"Rotary"enginewhich,however,acquiredareputationasapollutinggas-guzzler.OtherWankellicensees,includingMercedes-BenzandGeneralMotors,neverputtheirdesignsintoproductionafterthe1973oilcrisis.（Mazda'shydrogen-fuelledsuccessorwaslatertodemonstratepotentialasan"ultimateeco-car".）RoverandChryslerbothproducedexperimentalgasturbinecarstonoeffect.

IThemodernerahasalsoseenrapidlyrisingfuelefficiencyandengineoutput.Oncetheautomobileemissionsconcernsofthe1970swereconqueredwithcomputerizedenginemanagementsystems,powerbegantoriserapidly.Inthe1980s,apowerfulsportscarmighthaveproduced200horsepower（150kW）-just20yearslater,averagepassengercarshaveenginesthatpowerful,andsomeperformancemodelsofferthreetimesasmuchpower.

JMostautomobilesinusetodayarepropelledbyaninternalcombustionengine,fueledbygasolineordiesel.Bothfuelsareknowntocauseairpollutionandarealsoblamedforcontributingtoclimatechangeandglobalwarming.Rapidlyincreasingoilprices,concernsaboutoildependence,tighteningenvironmentallawsandrestrictionsongreenhousegasemissionsarepropellingworkonalternativepowersystemsforautomobiles.Effortstoimproveorreplaceexistingtechnologiesincludethedevelopmentofhybridvehicles,plug-inelectricvehiclesandhydrogenvehicles.Vehiclesusingalternativefuelssuchasethanolflexible-fuelvehiclesandnaturalgasvehiclesarealsogainingpopularityinsomecountries.

Passage2：

文章内容

文章介绍了在古代意大利爆发的疟疾，但是人们没有对疟疾的传播方式做出正确的判断导致大量的瘟疫，后来奎宁的出现挽救了意大利人民的生命，但是后来战争爆发导致了医治的中断，再一次引起大规模的传播

题型分布与答案参考

本篇文章的题目和答案分别为：

Questions14-18

CompletethesummarybelowusingNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassage.

Writeyouranswersinboxes14-18onyouranswersheet.

Beforethelinkbetweenmalariaand14____wasestablished,thereweremanypopulartheoriescirculatingamongthepublic,oneofwhichpointsto15_____,theuncleanair.Thelackofpropertreatmentaffectedthecountrysobadlythatruralpeopleinmalariainfestedplaceshadextremelyshort16____.Thediseasespreadsoquickly,especiallyinthesouthofItaly,thusgivingrisetotheideathatthediseasewas17____.Peoplebelievedinthesetheoriesuntilmosquitowasfoundtobethe18_____inthe1880s.

Questions19-21

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?

Inboxes19-21onyouranswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

19ThevolunteersoftheItalianexperimentsthatprovidedassuringevidencewerefromalloverItaly.

20It’spossibletocomeoutofmalarialzonesalive.

21Thegovernmentsuccessfullymanagedtogiveallpeoplequininemedication.

Questions22-26

ReadingPassage2hassixparagraphs,A-F.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes22-26onyouranswersheet.

22Abreakthroughinthetheoryofthecauseofmalaria

23Astoryfortoday’sreaders

24Adescriptionofanexpertwhodidn’tdoanythingtorestrictthespreadofdisease

25Asetbackinthebattleagainstmalariaduetogovernmentpolicies

26Adescriptionofhowmalariaaffectsthehumanbody

答案：

14.insects/mosquitos15.miasma16.lifeexpectancy17.hereditary

18.culprit

19NG20T21F

22B23F24E25D26A