高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第4讲词义猜测类教学案.docx
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高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第4讲词义猜测类教学案
第4讲 词义猜测类
题型概述
题型破解
1语境分析猜词义
解题指导 词义猜测常用的五种方法:
1.基本构词法:
根据前后缀、合成及词性转换去猜测词义;2.同义或定义解释法:
上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释,如利用or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely等词语进行解释,或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释;3.前后对比法:
上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景,且常以反义或对照的方式出现,以此可推测出生词的含义;4.因果推断法:
结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测;5.语境理解法:
要准确猜测出生词的含义大多需要根据上下文语境去分析和推断。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇)...
Buthe'snervous.“I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“-ld”,apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,_Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.
...
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?
A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.
C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.
解析 A 根据第二段中的“youshould...should...”以及“...Votefor...me...”这样的语句特点可知,Chris的演讲不流畅,也就是说有不适当的停顿。
这是他表现不好的地方,与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系,与短语exceptfor的语意相呼应。
故选A。
2就近原则猜指代
解题指导 猜测代替词的指代内容,要求考生判断代词(it,one,they,this,that,these,those,which等)或助动词(do,does,did等)具体替代什么。
可按以下三步进行:
返回原文,找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索,找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词,看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺,从而确定最佳选项。
[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇)...
Despitethecelebrations,though,intheUSthejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.
It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?
A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.
B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.
C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.
D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.
解析 C 根据上一段中的“thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations”可知,爵士乐不怎么受现在年轻人的喜爱,所以that指代上文提到的这种状况,故选C项。
3意义吻合猜句意
解题指导 句意猜测要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
考生要注意以下两点:
1.返回原文,找到该句,对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。
对于需要猜测句意的情形,首先要理解句子的前后特定语境,然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理,最后再进行归纳总结,得出答案;2.一般来说,正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同,只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来进行了转换表达而已。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·B篇)
“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtug_at_the_heartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”
...
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?
A.Encourageteamwork.
B.Appealtofeelings.
C.Promotegooddeeds.
D.Provideadvice.
解析 B 根据画线短语前一句可知,这位家长可能需要一点点劝说。
随后作者对这位家长进行了举例劝说:
一位有四个孩子的单亲母亲在主持这次活动,一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练。
这些例子都是为了动之以情,吸引这位家长来做志愿工作,故答案为B。
过关检测(限时:
35分钟)
(2019·人民附中高三月考)Bestfriendsmaybepricelessbutthecostofkeepingtherelationshipaliveis£23,870.
Accordingtoastudy,aBFF(BestFriendForever)doesnotcomecheapwithdevotedpalsblowing£4,679onbirthdaypresentsaloneoveralifetime.Andwhileitcostsnothingtobeashouldertocryon,big-heartedBritonsgotheextramileandspend£168onpick-me-ups(提神物品)togettheirmatethrougharockypatch(艰难时刻)likethebreak-upofarelationship.
There'safurther£242spentonpresentstoshowhowmuchtheymeanfromgiftsboughtonholidaytotreatsfornoreason.AnddistancedoesnotbreakupaclosefriendshipasBFFsspendawhopping(巨大的)£18,000ontraveltoseeeachotherdespitebeingmilesapartbecauseofuniversity,jobsandmarriage.
ThestudybycashbacksiteTopCashBackfoundonaverageBFFswhowedcanexpect£431spentonthemandafurther£283ongiftswhentheyhavechildren.Andtheycanrelyontheirpalstohelpoutwhentheymovehouseastheywillobtain£127worthofhouse-warmingpresentsandtakeawaysaswellasputtinginashiftwiththepackingandunpacking.
Thesurveybasedonafriendshiplasting40yearsfoundmorethaneightintenadultswithaBFFfelttheirfriendshipswerewortheverypenny.
TopCashBackspokespersonNatashaSmithsaid,“Thosefriendshipswhichstandthetestoftimeareoftenthemostimportantinourlives.However,theycomeatacost.FromtrainticketsonceamonthtoflightsandanewdressforaweddingontheItaliancoast,thepricepaidforhavingabestmatecansoonaddup.Butwhenweaskedpeopletocomparetheirfriendshipwiththemonetaryinvestment,only14%thoughttheirfriendshipwasequaltotheirinvestmentwiththevastmajoritythinkingitwasworthmore.”
篇章导读:
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
最好的朋友也许是无价的,但维持一段友谊却是高价的。
那么你知道维持一段友谊需要多少钱吗?
一项研究给出了答案。
1.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?
A.Ambitious.B.Generous.
C.Troublesome.D.Energetic.
答案:
B 词义猜测题。
画线部分后的“gotheextramileandspend£168onpick-me-ups(提神物品)togettheirmatethrougharockypatch(艰难时刻)likethebreak-upofarelationship”就是对它的进一步说明。
此处指虽然在朋友哭泣时成为朋友的依靠并不需要花费什么,但是英国人会为朋友付出更多,他们会花168英镑来为朋友买令人振作的物品,助其度过诸如关系破裂等困难时期。
由此推断画线部分的意思应该是“慷慨的”,故选B。
2.Tokeeptherelationship,wheredoBFFsspendmostmoney?
A.Buyingbirthdaypresents.
B.Cheeringupafriendinlowspirits.
C.Payingforholidaygiftsandothertreats.
D.Goingaparticulardistancetovisitfriends.
答案:
D 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“blowing£4,679onbirthdaypresents”“spend£168onpick-me-ups(提神物品)”以及第三段中的“£242spentonpresents...fromgiftsboughtonholidaytotreats...”“spendawhopping(巨大的)£18,000ontraveltoseeeachother”可知,为了维持一段友谊,花在旅途中的费用是最多的,所以选D。
3.WhatisNatasha'sunderstandingofBFFfriendship?
A.It'scostlyandunaffordable.
B.It'sexpensivebutworthwhile.
C.It'srewardingbuthardtokeep.
D.It'schangeablebutworthpossessing.
答案:
B 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Thosefriendshipswhichstandthetestoftimeareoftenthemostimportantinourlives.However,theycomeatacost.”可知,Natasha认为,经受得起时间考验的友谊通常是我们人生中最重要的东西,但那是要付出成本的。
也就是说与一生的挚友的友谊很贵但很值得。
所以选B。
4.Howisthepassagedeveloped?
A.Bylistingfigures.
B.Bygivingexamples.
C.Byanalyzingcauses.
D.Bymakingcomparisons.
答案:
A 推理判断题。
根据文中的“£23,870”“£4,679”“£168”,“£242”“£18,000”等数据可知,本文作者是通过列数据的方法来行文的,故选A。
(2019·百校联盟联考)Dealingwithobesityisdifficult.Alotoffactorssuchasethnicity,genetics,lifestyle,andpersonalhabitsshouldbeconsideredinthemanagementofobesity.Obesity,ifnotproperlymanaged,canleadtoalotofhealthproblemsthatmaylaterevolveintolife-threateningdiseases.
Themanagementofobesitymostlyfocusesonlifestylechanges.Reachingyourhealthyweightinvolvespropermanagementofyourdietandexercise.Theobesepersonmayseekthehelpofadietitianorapersonaltrainer.
Therearealotofdietsthathavegainedpopularity.However,itisbestthatyouconsultyourdietitianonwhatisbestforyou.Furthermore,yourdietitianwouldconsideryourfoodpreferences.Ifyouarealittlelowinthebudget,takeintoconsiderationthecurrentdietaryrecommendationsthatarebasedonthefoodpyramid.ThisisresearchableontheInternet.Youcanusethisasaguideonhowmuchyouaresupposedtoeat.
Exercisehasalotofbenefits.Itburnsthoseextracaloriesandpreventsdifferenthealthproblemsfromoccurring.Thus,exerciseisvitalifyouwishtoloseweight.Peopleareoftentoolazytoengageinexercise.However,therearenumerousalternativestotheusualexerciseroutine.Ifyouwantthingstobeplain,walkingorbikingisagoodexercise.Itisimportantthatyousticktoyourexerciseplansothatyouwouldachieveyourdesiredresults.However,youmustsetrealisticgoalssoasnottobedisappointed.
Behavioralchangesarevitaltoconqueringobesity.Thosewhoengageincrashdietsaremostlyunsuccessfulinweightmanagementbecausetheydonothaveanybehavioralchange.
Sedentarylifestylecontributestoweightgain.Perhapsaddingphysicalactivitytoyourschedulewouldhelpinweightmanagement.Physicalactivitycouldbeassimpleasdancingaroundthehouseorjustplainstrollingalongthemall.
篇章导读:
本文是一篇说明文,肥胖会导致很多健康问题,甚至会威胁生命安全,所以它是一个值得认真对待的问题。
本文建议人们从几个方面进行肥胖问题的自我管理,包括饮食、锻炼、行为习惯的改变和生活方式的选择等。
5.Whyisobesityasevereproblem?
A.Itmaythreatenyourlife.
B.Itcaninfluenceyourwork.
C.Itmaymakeyoulookunattractive.
D.Itcanpreventyoufromplayingsports.
答案:
A 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Obesity,ifnotproperlymanaged,canleadtoalotofhealthproblemsthatmaylaterevolveintolife-threateningdiseases.”可知,肥胖会导致健康问题,甚至会发展成为威胁生命安全的疾病。
故选A。
6.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudon'thavemuchmoney?
A.Turntoanexpert.
B.Refertoeatingadvice.
C.Mainlyeatenergy-givingfood.
D.Seldomhavenutritiousfood.
答案:
B 细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Ifyouarealittlelowinthebudget,takeintoconsiderationthecurrentdietaryrecommendationsthatarebasedonthefoodpyramid.ThisisresearchableontheInternet.”可知,如果你预算紧张(资金不够),可以考虑基于食物金字塔的饮食推荐,那些都可以在网上搜到。
故选B。
7.Whyshouldyousetpracticalaims?
A.Youwillneverfeeldisappointed.
B.Theywillmakeyougoon.
C.Youwillcarryoutsimplethings.
D.Theywillmakeyoufeelrelaxed.
答案:
B 细节理解题。
根据第四段最后一句“However,youmustsetrealisticgoalssoasnottobedisappointed.”可知,在锻炼时,要设置合理的目标,那样就不至于失望,也就是说会有继续坚持的动力。
B项“Theywillmakeyougoon(他们将会使你继续坚持)”符合语境,故选B。
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Sedentary”inthelastparagraphmean?
A.Unhealthy.B.Overeating.
C.Unchangeable.D.Inactive.
答案:
D 词义猜测题。
根据“Sedentarylifestylecontributestoweightgain.”可知,这种生活方式会让人长胖。
再结合后文中的“Perhapsaddingphysicalactivitytoyour