高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第4讲词义猜测类教学案.docx

1、高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第4讲词义猜测类教学案第4讲词义猜测类题型概述题型破解1 语境分析猜词义解题指导词义猜测常用的五种方法：1.基本构词法：根据前后缀、合成及词性转换去猜测词义；2.同义或定义解释法：上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释；3.前后对比法：上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，且常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测出生词的含义；4.因果推断法：结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测；5.语境理解法：要准确猜

2、测出生词的含义大多需要根据上下文语境去分析和推断。典例(2019全国卷B篇) . But hes nervous. “Im here to tell you today why you should . should .” Chris trips on the “ld”， a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “. Vote for . me .”Except for some

3、stumbles,_Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. . 25What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses. BBad manners.CSpelling mistakes. DSilly jokes.解析A根据第二段中的“you should . sh

4、ould .”以及“. Vote for . me .”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相呼应。故选A。2 就近原则猜指代解题指导猜测代替词的指代内容，要求考生判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑

5、关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。典例 (2017全国卷C篇) . Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to w

6、iden the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.29What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AJazz becoming more accessible.BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience becoming la

7、rger.解析C根据上一段中的“the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations”可知，爵士乐不怎么受现在年轻人的喜爱，所以that指代上文提到的这种状况，故选C项。3 意义吻合猜句意解题指导句意猜测要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。考生要注意以下两点： 1.返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行

8、有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案；2.一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来进行了转换表达而已。典例(2019全国卷B篇)“You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.I guess that

9、theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team tha

10、t his kids arent even on . At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, Ill do it.” . 25What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?AEncourage teamwork.BAppeal to feelings.CPromote good deeds.DProvide advice.解析B根据画线短语前一句可知，这位家长可能需要一点点劝说。随后作者对这位家长进行了举

11、例劝说：一位有四个孩子的单亲母亲在主持这次活动，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练。这些例子都是为了动之以情，吸引这位家长来做志愿工作，故答案为B。过关检测(限时：35分钟)(2019人民附中高三月考)Best friends may be priceless but the cost of keeping the relationship alive is 23,870.According to a study, a BFF (Best Friend Forever) does not come cheap with devoted pals blowing 4,679 on bir

12、thday presents alone over a lifetime. And while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on, bighearted Britons go the extra mile and spend 168 on pickmeups (提神物品) to get their mate through a rocky patch (艰难时刻) like the breakup of a relationship.Theres a further 242 spent on presents to show how muc

13、h they mean from gifts bought on holiday to treats for no reason. And distance does not break up a close friendship as BFFs spend a whopping (巨大的) 18,000 on travel to see each other despite being miles apart because of university, jobs and marriage.The study by cashback site TopCashBack found on ave

14、rage BFFs who wed can expect 431 spent on them and a further 283 on gifts when they have children. And they can rely on their pals to help out when they move house as they will obtain 127 worth of housewarming presents and takeaways as well as putting in a shift with the packing and unpacking.The su

15、rvey based on a friendship lasting 40 years found more than eight in ten adults with a BFF felt their friendships were worth every penny.TopCashBack spokesperson Natasha Smith said, “Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the most important in our lives. However, they come at a cos

16、t. From train tickets once a month to flights and a new dress for a wedding on the Italian coast, the price paid for having a best mate can soon add up. But when we asked people to compare their friendship with the monetary investment, only 14% thought their friendship was equal to their investment

17、with the vast majority thinking it was worth more.”篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。最好的朋友也许是无价的，但维持一段友谊却是高价的。那么你知道维持一段友谊需要多少钱吗？一项研究给出了答案。1What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean?AAmbitious. BGenerous.CTroublesome. DEnergetic.答案：B词义猜测题。画线部分后的“go the extra mile and spend 168 on pickmeups (提神物品) to get their

18、mate through a rocky patch (艰难时刻) like the breakup of a relationship”就是对它的进一步说明。此处指虽然在朋友哭泣时成为朋友的依靠并不需要花费什么，但是英国人会为朋友付出更多，他们会花168英镑来为朋友买令人振作的物品，助其度过诸如关系破裂等困难时期。由此推断画线部分的意思应该是“慷慨的”，故选B。2To keep the relationship, where do BFFs spend most money?ABuying birthday presents. BCheering up a friend in low spi

19、rits.CPaying for holiday gifts and other treats.DGoing a particular distance to visit friends.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“blowing 4,679 on birthday presents”“spend 168 on pickmeups (提神物品)”以及第三段中的“242 spent on presents . from gifts bought on holiday to treats .”“spend a whopping (巨大的) 18,000 on travel to see e

20、ach other”可知，为了维持一段友谊，花在旅途中的费用是最多的，所以选D。3What is Natashas understanding of BFF friendship?AIts costly and unaffordable.BIts expensive but worthwhile.CIts rewarding but hard to keep.DIts changeable but worth possessing.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the mo

21、st important in our lives. However, they come at a cost.”可知，Natasha认为，经受得起时间考验的友谊通常是我们人生中最重要的东西，但那是要付出成本的。也就是说与一生的挚友的友谊很贵但很值得。所以选B。4How is the passage developed?ABy listing figures.BBy giving examples.CBy analyzing causes.DBy making comparisons.答案：A推理判断题。根据文中的“23,870”“4,679”“168”，“242”“18,000”等数据可知，

22、本文作者是通过列数据的方法来行文的，故选A。(2019百校联盟联考)Dealing with obesity is difficult. A lot of factors such as ethnicity, genetics, lifestyle, and personal habits should be considered in the management of obesity. Obesity, if not properly managed, can lead to a lot of health problems that may later evolve into lifet

23、hreatening diseases.The management of obesity mostly focuses on lifestyle changes. Reaching your healthy weight involves proper management of your diet and exercise. The obese person may seek the help of a dietitian or a personal trainer.There are a lot of diets that have gained popularity. However,

24、 it is best that you consult your dietitian on what is best for you. Furthermore, your dietitian would consider your food preferences. If you are a little low in the budget, take into consideration the current dietary recommendations that are based on the food pyramid. This is researchable on the In

25、ternet. You can use this as a guide on how much you are supposed to eat.Exercise has a lot of benefits. It burns those extra calories and prevents different health problems from occurring. Thus, exercise is vital if you wish to lose weight. People are often too lazy to engage in exercise. However, t

26、here are numerous alternatives to the usual exercise routine. If you want things to be plain, walking or biking is a good exercise. It is important that you stick to your exercise plan so that you would achieve your desired results. However, you must set realistic goals so as not to be disappointed.

27、Behavioral changes are vital to conquering obesity. Those who engage in crash diets are mostly unsuccessful in weight management because they do not have any behavioral change.Sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain. Perhaps adding physical activity to your schedule would help in weight manag

28、ement. Physical activity could be as simple as dancing around the house or just plain strolling along the mall.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，肥胖会导致很多健康问题，甚至会威胁生命安全，所以它是一个值得认真对待的问题。本文建议人们从几个方面进行肥胖问题的自我管理，包括饮食、锻炼、行为习惯的改变和生活方式的选择等。5Why is obesity a severe problem?AIt may threaten your life.BIt can influence your work.C

29、It may make you look unattractive.DIt can prevent you from playing sports.答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Obesity, if not properly managed, can lead to a lot of health problems that may later evolve into lifethreatening diseases.”可知，肥胖会导致健康问题，甚至会发展成为威胁生命安全的疾病。故选A。6What should you do if you dont have much money?AT

30、urn to an expert.BRefer to eating advice.CMainly eat energygiving food.DSeldom have nutritious food.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you are a little low in the budget, take into consideration the current dietary recommendations that are based on the food pyramid. This is researchable on the Internet.”可知，如果你预算紧

31、张(资金不够)，可以考虑基于食物金字塔的饮食推荐，那些都可以在网上搜到。故选B。7Why should you set practical aims?AYou will never feel disappointed.BThey will make you go on.CYou will carry out simple things.DThey will make you feel relaxed.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“However, you must set realistic goals so as not to be disappointed.”可知，在锻炼时，要设

32、置合理的目标，那样就不至于失望，也就是说会有继续坚持的动力。B项“They will make you go on(他们将会使你继续坚持)”符合语境，故选B。8What does the underlined word “Sedentary” in the last paragraph mean?AUnhealthy. BOvereating.CUnchangeable. DInactive.答案：D词义猜测题。根据“Sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain.”可知，这种生活方式会让人长胖。再结合后文中的“Perhaps adding physical activity to your