大学英语六级考试真题与答案.docx

大学英语六级考试真题与答案.docx

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大学英语六级考试真题与答案

2013年12月大学英语六级真题

PartIV            ReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）            （25minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

 Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Pleasewriteyouranswerson AnswerSheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?

Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfront-pagepackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:

"No!

It'sdone!

"Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Your gutreaction （本能反应）anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.

Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?

"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?

"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?

Isthereanappealprocess?

Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?

Byanticipating"Whatif...?

"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.

47.  Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout__________.

48.  Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby__________.

49.  Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe__________toherandofferanalternativesolution.

50.  Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto__________.

51.  Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?

"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid__________.

SectionB

Directions:

 Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:

areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?

TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?

Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthe fiscal （财政）burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:

thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A）  Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B）  TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C）  Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D）  Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A）  Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B）  Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C）  Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D）  Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A）  Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B）  Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C）  Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D）  Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A）  Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B）  Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C）  Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D）  Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A）Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B）  Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C）  Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D）Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:

male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.

Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.

Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?

AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateacl