河北省邯郸市高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习14.docx
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河北省邯郸市高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习14
河北省邯郸市2016高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习(14)
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
The2012LondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout.Butonemorehasjustbeenadded—acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms.
AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafreshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin2012,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon.
NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinternetlinkssendingliveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon.
“TheSun’sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth.TheOlympicscouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites,“saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephysicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire.
Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections(日冕物质抛射)occurintheSun’satmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter.“Acoronalmassejectioncancarryabilliontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometresperhour.Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications,”ProfessorHarrisonadded.Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots.
NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycalledtheSolarDynamicsObservatory(SDO),whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthatare10timesclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable.
TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh-techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares(太阳耀斑)andexplosionsastheyoccur.
ProfessorRichardHoldaway,thelab’sdirector,saidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth.“Ifwehaveadvancewarning,we’llbeabletoreducethedamage.Whatyoudon’twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat’scausedtheproblem,”hesaid.
1.Thephrase“communicationsblackout”inParagraph1mostprobablyrefersto duringthe2012Olympics.
A.theextinguishingoftheOlympictorchB.thecollapseofbroadcastingsystems
C.thetransportationbreakdowninLondonD.thedestructionofweathersatellites
2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesolaractivitydescribedinthepassage?
A.ThemostfatalmatterfromthecoronafallsontoEarth.
B.Thesolarstormpeakoccursinthemiddleofeachcycle.
C.IttakesseveralsecondsforthechargedmattertoreachEarth.
D.Thenumberofsunspotsdeclinesaftercoronalmassejections.
3.Accordingtothepassage,NASAwilllaunchasatelliteto .
A.takeimagesofthesolarsystemB.provideearlywarningofthunderstorms
C.keeptrackofsolaractivitiesD.improvethecommunicationsonEarth
4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.SolarStorms:
AnInvisibleKiller
B.SolarStorms:
EarthEnvironmentinDanger
C.SolarStorms:
ThreateningtheHumanRace
D.SolarStorms:
HumanActivitiestoBeTroubled
【参考答案】1—4、BDCD
社会生活类阅读理解。
Theworldeconomyhasrunintoabrickwall.Despitecountlesswarningsinrecentyearsabouttheneedtoaddressapotentialhungercrisisinpoorcountriesandanenergycrisisworldwide,worldleadersfailedtothinkahead.Theresultisaglobalfoodcrisis.Wheat,cornandricepriceshavemorethandoubledinthepasttwoyears.Andoilpriceshaveincreasedmorethanthreetimessincethestartof2004.Thesefood-priceincreases,combinedwithincreasingenergycosts,willslowifnotstopeconomicgrowthinmanypartsoftheworldandwillevenaffectpoliticalstability.Practicalsolutionstotheseproblemsdoexist,butwe’llhavetostartthinkingaheadandactingglobally.
Herearethreestepstoeasethecurrentfoodcrisisandavoidthepotentialforaglobalcrisis.ThefirstistopromotethedramaticsuccessofMalawi,acountryinsouthernAfrica,whichthreeyearsagoestablishedaspecialfundtohelpitsfarmersgetfertilizerandseedswithhighproductivity.Malawi’sharvestdoubledafterjustoneyear.AninternationalfundbasedontheMalawimodelwouldcostamere$10perpersonannuallyintherichworld,or$10billionaltogether.
Second,theU.S.andEuropeshouldabandontheirpoliciesofpayingpartlyforthechangeoffoodintobiofuels.TheU.S.governmentgivesfarmersataxpayer-financedpaymentof51centspergallonofethanol(乙醇)changedfromcorn.Theremaybeacaseforbiofuelsproducedonlandsthatdonotproducefoods—treecrops,grassesandwoodproducts—butthere’snocaseforthegovernmenttopaytoputtheworld’sdinnerintothegastank.
Third,weurgentlyneedtoweather-prooftheworld’scropsassoonandaseffectivelyaspossible.Forapoorfarmer,sometimessomethingassimpleasafarmpond—whichcollectsrainwatertobeusedindryweather—canmakethedifferencebetweenagoodharvestandabadone.TheworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishingaClimateAdaptationFundtohelppoorregionsclimate-proofvitaleconomicactivitiessuchasfoodproductionandhealthcarebuthasnotyetacteduponthepromise.
1.AninternationalfundbasedontheMalawimodelwould .
A.costeachofthedevelopedcountries$10billionperyear
B.aimtodoubletheharvestinsouthernAfricancountriesinayear
C.decreasethefoodpricesaswellastheenergyprices
D.givepoorfarmersaccesstofertilizerandhighlyproductiveseeds
2.Withthesecondstep,theauthorexpressestheideathat .
A.itisnotwisetochangefoodcropsintogas
B.itismisleadingtoputtreecropsintothegastank
C.weshouldgetalternativeformsoffuelinanyway
D.biofuelsshouldbedevelopedonalargescale
3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Arain-collectingpondisasimplesafeguardagainstbyweather.
B.AClimateAdaptationFundhasbeenestablishedtohelppoorregions.
C.Theworldhasmadeaseriouspromisetobuildfarmponds.
D.Itmakesagreatdifferencewhetherwedevelopwoodproductsornot.
4.Inthepassage,theauthorcallsonusto .
A.slowdownbutnottostopeconomicgrowth
B.developtreecrops,grassesandwoodproducts
C.achieveeconomicgrowthandpoliticalstability
D.actnowsoastorelievetheglobalfoodshortage
【参考答案】47.1-4DAAD
阅读理解。
WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditissteamy,warm,dampandthick.Butifyo
uhadbeenaround15,000yearsago,duringthelasticeage,wouldithavebeenthesame?
Formorethan30years,scientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsliketheAmazonmighthavereacted(反应)tothecold,dryclimatesoftheiceages,butuntilnow,noonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.
RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAm
azontakeinaround500mi
lliontonesofCO2eachyear;equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttofutureclimatechange?
Ifitgetsdrier,willitstillsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?
Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.
Unfortunately,gettingintotheAmazonrainforestandcollectinginformationareverydifficult.Tostudypastclimate,scientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollen,keptinlakemuds.Goingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdeepdownintolakesediments(沉淀物),whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpaths,orplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforest,butthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscom
pletelyunsampled(未取样).Sofar,onlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonrainforestreactstoclimatechange.
1.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.
A.cleaningupB.takingin
C.wipingoutD.givingout
答案解析:
答案为B。
本题为词义推断题。
结合上下文,与moppingup并列的是“helpingtoslowglobalwarming”,由此可以推断,mopup就是去除CO2;并且后面的“CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500millio
ntonesofCO2eachyear…”中的“takein”也对此进行了呼应,故答案为B。
“cleanup”意为“清洁”;“wipeout”意为“消灭,彻底摧毁”;“giveout”意为“分发,散发”。
2.HowwilltheAmazonrainforestreacttofutureclimatechange?
A.It’llgetdrierandcontinuetoremoveCO2.
B.It’llremainsteamy,warm,dampandthick
C.It’llgetwarmerandthencolderanddrier.
D.Thereisnoexactansweruptopresent.
答案解析:
答案为D。
本题为细节题。
第二段提出问题,第三段进行探索问题。
结合第三段首
句“Unfortunately,gettingintotheAmaz
onrainforestandcollectinginformationareverydifficult.”和最后一句“Sofar,onlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonrainforestreactstoclimatechange.”可知,收集信息非常困难,即使目前收集到的一点信息也没有哪一点可以作出证明。
故答案为D。
3.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
A.It’simportanttodrilldeepdownintolakesedimentstocollectinformation.
B.It’simpossibletoprovehowclimatechangesintheAmazonrainforest.
C.It’shardtocollectinformationforstudiesofthepastclimateintheAmazonrainforest.
D.It’snecessarytohavespecializedequipmentandmachinerytostudythepastclimate.
答案解析:
答案为C。
从第三段的最后一句话“Sofar,onlyahandfulofcoresha