大学英语四级考试考试样题.docx

大学英语四级考试考试样题.docx

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大学英语四级考试考试样题

2012年大学英语四级考试考试样题

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CET4试点考试样卷

　　PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

　　注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上。

　　PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

　　Forquestions1-7,mark

　　Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　Landfills

　　Youhavejustfinishedyourmealatafastfoodrestaurantandyouthrowyouruneatenfood,foodwrappers,drinkcups,utensilsandnapkinsintothetrashcan.Youdon'tthinkaboutthatwasteagain.Ontrashpickupdayinyourneighborhood,youpushyourcanouttothecurb,andworkersdumpthecontentsintoabigtruckandhaulitaway.Youdon'thavetothinkaboutthatwasteagain,either.Butmaybeyouhavewondered,asyouwatchthetrashtruckpullaway,justwherethatgarbageendsup.

　　AmericansgeneratetrashatanAstonishingrateoffourpoundsperdayperperson;whichtranslatesto600,000tonsperdayor210milliontonsperyear!

Thisisalmosttwiceasmuchtrashperpersonasmostothermajorcountries.Whathappenstothistrash?

Somegetsrecycled（回收利用）orrecoveredandsomeisburned,butthemajorityisburiedinlandfills.

　　HowMuchTrashIsGenerated?

　　Ofthe210milliontonsoftrash,orsolidwaste,generatedintheUnitedStatesannually,about56milliontons,or27percent,iseitherrecycled（glass,paperproducts,plastic,metals）orcomposted（做成堆肥）（yardwaste）.Theremainingtrash,whichismostlyunrecyclable,isdiscarded.

　　HowIsTrashDisposedof?

　　ThetrashproductionintheUnitedStateshasalmosttripledsince1960.Thistrashishandledinvariousways.About27percentofthetrashisrecycledorcomposted,16percentisburnedand57percentisburiedinlandfills.Theamountoftrashburiedinlandfillshasdoubledsince1960.TheUnitedStatesrankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountries（UnitedKingdom,Canada,Germany,FranceandJapan）inlandfilldisposal.TheUnitedKingdomrankshighest,buryingabout90percentofitssolidwasteinlandfills.

　　WhatIsaLandfill?

　　Therearetwowaystoburytrash:

　　Dump—anopenholeinthegroundwheretrashisburiedandthatisfullofvariousanimals（rats,mice,birds）.（Thisismostpeople'sideaofalandfill!

）

　　Landfill—carefullydesignedstructurebuiltintoorontopofthegroundinwhichtrashisisolatedfromthesurroundingenvironment（groundwater,air,rain）.Thisisolationisaccomplishedwithabottomlineranddailycoveringofsoil.

　　Sanitarylandfill—landfillthatusesaclaylinertoisolatethetrashfromtheenvironment

　　Municipalsolidwaste（MSW）landfill—landfillthatusesasynthetic（plastic）linertoisolatethetrashfromtheenvironment

　　Thepurposeofalandfillistoburythetrashinsuchawaythatitwillbeisolatedfromgroundwater,willbekeptdryandwillnotbeincontactwithair.Undertheseconditions,trashwillnotdecompose（腐烂）much.Alandfillisnotlikeacompostpile,wherethepurposeistoburytrashinsuchawaythatitwilldecomposequickly.

　　ProposingtheLandfill

　　Foralandfilltobebuilt,theoperatorshavetomakesurethattheyfollowcertainsteps.Inmostpartsoftheworld,thereareregulationsthatgovernwherealandfillcanbeplacedandhowitcanoperate.Thewholeprocessbeginswithsomeoneproposingthelandfill.

　　IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities.Beforeacityorotherauthoritycanbuildalandfill,anenvironmentimpact

　　studymustbedoneontheproposedsitetodetermine:

　　theareaoflandnecessaryforthelandfill

　　thecompositionoftheunderlyingsoilandbedrock

　　theflowofsurfacewateroverthesite

　　theimpactoftheproposedlandfillonthelocalenvironmentandwildlife

　　thehistoricalvalueoftheproposedsite

　　BuildingtheLandfill

　　Oncetheenvironmentalimpactstudyiscomplete,thepermitsaregrantedandthefundshavebeenraised,thenconstructionbegins.First,accessroadstothelandfillsitemustbebuiltiftheydonotalreadyexist.Thereroadswillbeusedbyconstructionequipment,sanitation（环卫）servicesandthegeneralpublic.Afterroadshavebeenbuilt,diggingcanbegin.IntheNorthWakeCountryLandfill,thelandfillbegan10feetbelowtheroadsurface.

　　WhatHappenstoTrashinaLandfill?

　　Trashputinalandfillwillstaythereforaverylongtime.Insidealandfill,thereislittleoxygenandlittlemoisture.Undertheseconditions,trashdoesnotbreakdownveryrapidly.Infact,whenoldlandfillshavebeenduguporsampled,40-year-oldnewspapershavebeenfoundwitheasilyreadableprint.Landfillsarenotdesignedtobreakdowntrash,merelytoburyit.Whenalandfillcloses,thesite,especiallythegroundwater,mustbemonitoredandmaintainedforupto30years!

　　HowIsaLandfillOperated?

　　Alandfill,suchastheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,mustbeopenandavailableeveryday.Customersaretypicallymunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies,althoughresidentsmayalsousethelandfill.

　　Neartheentranceofthelandfillisarecyclingcenterwhereresidentscandropoffrecyclablematerials（aluminumcans,glassbottles,newspapersandpaperproducts）.Thishelpstoreducetheamountofmaterialinthelandfill.Someofthesematerialsarebannedfromlandfillsbylawbecausetheycanberecycled.

　　Ascustomersenterthesite,theirtrucksareweighedatthescalehouse.Customersarechargedtippingfeesforusingthesite.Thetippingfeesvaryfrom$10to$40perton.Thesefeesareusedtopayforoperationcosts.TheNorthWakeCountyLandfillhasanoperatingbudgetofapproximately$4.5million,andpartofthatcomesfromtippingfees.

　　Alongthesite,therearedrop-offstationsformaterialsthatarenotwantedorlegallybannedbythelandfill.Amulti-materialdrop-offstationisusedfortires,motoroil,lead-acidbatteries.Someofthesematerialscanberecycled.

　　Inaddition,thereisahouseholdhazardouswastedrop-offstationforchemicals（paints,pesticides,otherchemicals）thatarebannedfromthelandfill.Thesechemicalsaredisposedofbyprivatecompanies.Somepaintscanberecycledandsomeorganicchemicalscanbeburnedinfurnacesorpowerplants.

　　Otherstructuresalongsidethelandfillaretheborrowedareathatsuppliesthesoilforthelandfill,therunoffcollectionpondandmethane（甲烷）station.

　　Landfillsarecomplicatedstructuresthat,whenproperlydesignedandmanaged,serveanimportantpurpose.Inthefuture,newtechnologiescalledbioreactorswillbeusedtospeedthebreakdownoftrashinlandfillsandproducemoremethane.

　　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

　　1.Thepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthestructureanduseofalandfill.

　　2.MostofthetrashthatAmericansgenerateendsupinlandfills.

　　3.ComparedwithothermajorIndustrializedcountries,Americaburiesamuchhigherpercentageofitssolidwasteinlandfills.

　　4.Landfillsarelikecompostpilesinthattheyspeedupdecompositionoftheburiedtrash.

　　5.Inmostcountriestheselectionofalandfillsiteisgovernedbyrulesandregulations.

　　6.IntheUnitedStatesthebuildingoflandfillsisthejobofbothfederalandlocalgovernments.

　　7.Hazardouswasteshavetobetreatedbeforebeingdumpedintolandfills.　　PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

　　Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

　　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　11.A）Themanhatestolendhistoolstootherpeople.

　　B）Themanhasn'tfinishedworkingonthebookshelf.

　　C）Thetoolshavealreadybeenreturnedtothewoman.

　　D）Thetoolsthemanborrowedfromthewomanaremissing.

　　12.A）Savetimebyusingacomputer.B）Buyherowncomputer.

　　C）BorrowMartha'scomputer.D）Stayhomeandcompleteherpaper.

　　13.A）HehasbeentoSeattlemanytimes.B）Hehaschairedalotofconferences.

　　C）Heholdsahighpositioninhiscompany.D）HelivedinSeattleformanyyears.

　　14.A）Teacherandstudent.B）Doctorandpatient.]

　　C）Managerandofficeworker.D）Travelagentandcustomer.

　　15.A）Sheknowstheguywhowillgivethelecture.

　　B）Shethinksthelecturemightbeinformative.

　　C）Shewantstoaddsomethingtoherlecture.

　　D）She'llfinishherreportthisweekend.

　　16.A）Anartmuseum.C）Acollegecampus.

　　B）Abeautifulpark.D）Anarchitecturalexhibition.

　　17.A）Thehousesforsaleareofpoorquality.

　　B）Thehousesaretooexpensiveforthecoupletobuy.

　　C）Thehousingdevelopersprovidefreetripsforpotentialbuyers.

　　D）Themanisunwillingtotakealookatthehousesforsale.

　　18.A）Talkingaboutsports.C）Readingnewspapers.

　　B）Writinguplocalnews.D）Puttingupadvertisements.

　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

　　19.A）Thebenefitsofstrongbusinesscompetition.

　　B）Aproposaltolowerthecostofproduction.

　　C）Complaintsabouttheexpenseofmodernization.

　　D）Suggestionsconcerningnewbusinessstr