大学英语四级真题及详细参考答案.docx

大学英语四级真题及详细参考答案.docx

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大学英语四级真题及详细参考答案

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.建设绿色校园很重要

2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……

3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

CreatingaGreenCampus

Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid

　　Goodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.

　　Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.

　　GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients（接受者）,pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.

　　Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.

　　Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility（资格）havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.

　　Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.

　　Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.

　　Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.

　　“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.

　　Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”

　　Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.

　　Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.

　　Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（异口同声）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

　　DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.

　　“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption（豁免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”

　　Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

　　That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

　　“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.

　　EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐赠）,meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.

　　“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”

　　*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:

　　Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

　　Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.

　　Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel（突出）insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee（裁判）.Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.

　　Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio（选辑）ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.

1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.

A）offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaid

B）revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

C）increasingtheamountoffinancialaid

D）changingtheiradmissionprocesses

2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

A）Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.

B）Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.

C）Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.

D）Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.

3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.

A）improveteachingqualityB）boosttheirenrollments

C）attractgoodstudentsD）increasetheirrevenues

4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes______.

A）itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking

B）itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements

C）it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents

D）it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto______.

A）moregovernmentfundingtocolleges

B）fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

C）theincreasingnumberoftopstudents

D）schools’improvedfinancialsituations

6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

A）Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.

B）Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.

C）Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.

D）Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.

7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?

A）Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.

B）Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.

C）Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.

D）Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.

8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain______.

9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance.

10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir______inaparticularartisticfield

PartⅣReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

SectionA

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.

　　Researchers___47___92familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.

　　Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,___48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovembe