学年高中英语 Module 4 Great Scientists模块综合测评 外研版必修4.docx

学年高中英语 Module 4 Great Scientists模块综合测评 外研版必修4.docx

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学年高中英语Module4GreatScientists模块综合测评外研版必修4

模块综合测评

（时间：

100分钟，满分：

120分）

Ⅰ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

DoyousupposeDarwin，oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltimes，reallydidfools'experiments?

Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?

Sometimes，peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes，theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution，butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.

CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor（满足于）justthinkingheknewsomething.And，hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.

Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace，theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?

Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.

Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysics，ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.

Scientistssometimestoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea，whichwemightthinkisfoolish，canshakethefoundationsofscience.

【语篇解读】　有些问题的答案人们已经知晓，但人们没有想过这个问题是多么重要。

伟大的科学家CharlesDarwin常通过做实验来弄懂事情的来龙去脉。

1．ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.

A．wasagreatEnglishscientist

B．alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficult

C．thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportant

D．didn'tgetwellwithothers

【解析】　短文并没有说CharlesDarwin是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；由文章可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验不值得做，可把B排除；文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情，可排除D。

由第三段第二句中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe”可推出答案C。

【答案】　C

2．Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“________”．

A．throwaway　　　　B．storeup

C．puttouseD．realize

【解析】　由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的理解。

因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。

由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。

【答案】　A

3．Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.

A．convinceusthatCharlesDarwin，GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworld

B．drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethings

C．provethattwosheetsofpaper，withthesamesizeandshape，willfallatthesamespeed

D．drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus

【解析】　短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。

【答案】　D

B

TheNobelPrizewasfoundedbyAlfredNobel.Since1901，ithasbeenhonoringmenandwomenfromallcornersoftheglobeforoutstandingachievementsinphysics，chemistry，medicine，literature，andforworkinpeace.

AlfredNobelwasborninStockholm，Sweden，onOctober21,1833.Hewasveryinterestedinsocialandpeacerelatedissues.Afterinventingdynamite（炸药），SwedishbornAlfredNobelbecameaveryrichman.However，heforesawitsuniversallydestructivepowerstoolate.Nobelpreferrednottoberememberedastheinventorofdynamite，soin1895，justtwoweeksbeforehisdeath，hecreatedafundtobeusedforawardingprizestopeoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankind.Originallytherewerefiveawards:

literature，physics，chemistry，medicine，andpeace.Economicswasaddedin1968，justsixtysevenyearsafterthefirstawardceremony.

Nobel'soriginallegacy（遗产）ofninemilliondollarswasinvested，andtheinterestonthissumisusedfortheawards，whichvaryfromD|S30,000toD|S125,000.

EveryyearonDecember10，theanniversaryofNobel'sdeath，theawards（goldmedal，illuminateddiploma，andmoney）arepresentedtothewinners.Sometimespoliticsplaysanimportantroleinthejudge'sdecision.Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawards，butrelativelyfewliterature（文学）prizes.

Noawardswerepresentedfrom1940to1942atthebeginningofWorldWarⅡ.Somepeoplehavewontwoprizes，butthisisrare；othershavesharedprizes.

【语篇解读】　诺贝尔奖创立于1901年，它是根据瑞典著名化学家、甘油炸药的发明人阿尔弗雷德·贝恩哈德·诺贝尔的遗嘱以其部分遗产作为基金创立的。

本文介绍了诺贝尔奖的创立、发展及其奖项设立的一些情况。

4．Whendidthefirstawardceremonytakeplace?

A．1895.　　　　　　B．1901.

C．1962.　　D．1968.

【解析】　从第二段最后一句“Economicswasaddedin1968，justsixtysevenyearsafterthefirstawardceremony.”可计算出，第一次颁发诺贝尔奖是在1901年。

【答案】　B

5．WhywastheNobelPrizeestablished?

A．Torecognizeworthwhilecontributionstohumanity.

B．Toresolvepoliticaldifferences.

C．Tohonortheinventorofdynamite.

D．Tospendmoney.

【解析】　从第二段倒数第三句“...hecreatedafundtobeusedforawardingprizestopeoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankind.”可知设奖的初衷。

【答案】　A

6．InwhichareahaveAmericansreceivedthemostawards?

A．Literature.B．Peace.

C．Economics.D．Science.

【解析】　从第四段最后一句“Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawards，butrelativelyfewliterature（文学）prizes.”可知，美国在科学领域获诺贝尔奖最多。

【答案】　D

7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A．Awardsvaryinmonetaryvalue.

B．CeremoniesareheldoneDecember10tocommemorateNobel'sinvention.

C．Politicscanplayanimportantroleinselectingthewinners.

D．Afewindividualshavewontwoawards.

【解析】　从第二段可知，颁发诺贝尔奖是为了奖励人类做出的贡献的人，不是为了纪念诺贝尔本人的发明。

【答案】　B

C　　　　【导学号：

98180053】

WhenIsawabighandmadesignboard“WelcomeYuXin”attheairport，IknewIhadfoundacaringfamilyattheothersideoftheworld—theUnitedStates.

Myhostmomhadalreadydecorated（装饰）myroomforme.Therewasadollononesideoftheroom，andabookcasefullofbooksontheother—theyhadheardIlovedreading.Momhadalsopreparedakeyboardforme，sincesheknewthatIplayedthepiano.

Mylifeinthefamilydidnotgosowellatfirst.BecauseIamtheonlychildinmyfamilyinChina，Iwasnotusedtohavingtwoyoungerkids—ZacharyandGrace—runningaroundmeyelling（大喊大叫）allthetime.

MomhadaserioustalkwithmeaboutthisproblemonaSundayafternoon.Shetoldme，“Youcan'tjustcomehomefromschooleveryday，gotoyourroomanddoyourhomework.Youneedtobeapartofthisfamily.Youneedtoplaywithmykidsforatleastanhour.”Thisrulewasveryannoyingatfirst.Ididnothavemuchexperienceplayingwithchildren.

However，themoretimeIspentwiththekids，themoreIgrewtolovethem.Weplayedgamesandreadbookstogether.IeventaughtthemChinese.Thankstomom'srule，IbegantofeellikeIwasreallypartofthefamily.

Momalsoinspiredmetoliveahealthierlife.Shegotupearlyeverymorningtogorunning.Onweekends，shetookthewholefamilytovisitparksorgocamping.

IdidnotlikesportsmuchwhenIwasbackhome，butnowIlovetojoinallkindsofsports.Iamhealthierandmoreconfidenttoo.

WithmyAmericanfamily，Ifoundjoyandlaughter.Ilearnedtolivewithenergyandoptimism（乐观），thankstothecareandresponsibilityofmylovingAmericanparents.

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了作者在美国寄宿家庭的生活，由于他们的关心和照顾，作者的思想也发生了变化。

8．Thepassageismainlyabout________.

A．theculturaldifferencesYuXinexperiencedinAmerica

B．howYuXinlearnedtogetalongwithyoungerkidsinAmerica

C．howmuchYuXin'scaringhostfamilyinAmericachangedher

D．variousdifficultiesYuXinmetinAmerica

【解析】　本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了作者在美国寄宿家庭的生活，由于他们的关心和照顾，作者的思想也发生了变化。

【答案】　C

9．FromParagraph2，wecanseethat________.

A．thehostmomtriedhardtomakeYuXinfeelathome

B．thehostmomwasgoodatdecoratingrooms

C．YuXinwasfondofAmericandolls

D．YuXinkeptbusywithalotofhobbies

【解析】　根据文章第二段可知寄宿家庭的母亲为作者装饰了房间，准备了装满书的书柜，还为作者准备了键盘乐器，可推断A为正确选项。

【答案】　A

10．WhatledYuXintofeellikeshewasreallypartofthefamily?

A．YuXin'stalkswithherhostparents.

B．Havingtojoininsportswiththefamily.

C．Thehostmom'sruleaboutplayingwiththekids.

D．Enjoyingweekendswiththehostfamily.

【解析】　根据文章第四段“Youneedtobeapartofthisfamily.Youneedtoplaywithmykidsforatleastanhour.”可知C为正确选项。

【答案】　C

11．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethehostmom?

A．Caringandresponsible.

B．Strictandpatient.

C．Rudeanddemanding.

D．Selfishbuthealthy.

【解析】　根据文章最后一句话可知A为正确选项。

【答案】　A

D

ScientistsatRoyalHolloway，UniversityofLondonandQueenMary，UniversityofLondonhavediscoveredthatbeeslearntoflytheshortestpossibleroutebetweenflowerseveniftheydiscovertheflowersinadifferentorder.Beesareeffectivelysolvingthe“travelingsalesmanproblem”，andtheyarethefirstcreaturesfoundtodothis.

Thetravelingsalesmanmustfindtheshortestroutethatallowshimtovisitalllocationsonhisroute.Computerssolveitbycomparingthelengthofallpossibleroutesandchoosingtheshortest，anditcankeepcomputersbusyfordays.However，beessolveitwithoutcomputerassistanceusingabrainthesizeofgrassseed.Dr.NigelRaine，fromtheSchoolofBiologicalSciencesatRoyalHollowayexplains，“Beessolvetravelingsalesmanproblemseveryday.Theyvisitflowersatmultiplelocationsandbecausebeesuselotsofenergytofly，theyfindaroutewhichkeepsflyingtoaminimum.”

Theteamusedthecomputertocontrolartificialflowerstotestwhetherbeeswouldfollowaroutedefinedbytheorderinwhichtheydiscoveredtheflowersoriftheywouldfindtheshortestroute.Afterexploringthelocationoftheflowers，beesquicklylearnedtoflytheshortestroute.

Aswellasimprovingourunderstandingofhowbeesmovearoundthelandscapepollinating（授粉）cropsandwildflowers，thisresearch，whichisduetobepublishedinTheAmericanNaturalist，hasotherapplications.Ourlifestylereliesonnetworkssuchastrafficontheroads，informationflowontheWebandbusinesssupplychains.Byunderstandinghowbeescansolvetheirproblemswithsuchatinybrain，wecanimproveourmanagementoftheseeverydaynetworkswithoutneedinglotsofcomputertime.Dr.Raineadds，“Despitetheirtinybrains，beesarecapableofextraordinaryfeatsofbehavior.Weneedtounderstandhowtheycan