专业八级766.docx

专业八级766.docx

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专业八级766

专业八级-766

（总分：

100.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、PARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

二、SECTIONA（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

三、Cosmeticsarenowmorepopularthaneverbefore.（总题数：

1，分数：

10.00）

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

safetyofcosmetics）

解析：

[听力原文]1-10

Neverbeforehavesomanycosmeticsbeenavailabletomakemenandwomenmoreattractive,moredesirable,andmoresociallyacceptable.NeverbeforehaveAmericansusedsuchawidevarietyandlargevolumeofcosmeticproducts.

Mostoftheseproductsaresafeforuse,butitisveryimportantthatyouobservesomecommon-sensesafetyroles.TheFoodandDrugAdministration,orFDA,isthefederalagencywhichhasbeenassignedbytheCongresstoassurethesafetyoftheAmericancosmeticssupply.TheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticArtdefinesacosmeticasanarticlewhichistoberubbed,poured,sprinkled,orsprayedontothebodytocleanse,beautify,promoteattractiveness,orchangeappearance.

ThelawgivestheFDAauthoritytotakelegalactionagainstacosmeticonlyafteritsdangerscanbeprovedinacourtoflaw.TheFDAdoesnothaveauthoritytoreviewthesafetyofcosmeticsortheiringredientsbeforetheyaresoldtothepublic.

Tofulfillitsdutyunderthelaw,theFDAconstantlytestscosmeticproductsforunsafesubstancesorharmfulbacteria.Thepriorityforthistestingisbasedonconsumercomplaintsaboutspecificcosmeticproducts.Wheneveratrendseemstobedevelopinginconsumercomplaints,theFDAgivesitsattentiontothegroupofcosmeticscausingthesecomplaints.

Amongthetypesofproductswhichcausemostcomplaintsaredeodorantsandantiperspirants,hairpreparations,andmakeupfortheeyes.Oftentheadverseeffect,reportedbytheconsumer,isnotseriousanddisappearswhenuseoftheparticularproductisdiscontinued.Butimproperuseofsomecosmeticscancauseseriousandpermanentinjury.

Inthepastfewyears,thecosmeticsindustryhascomealongwayinprovidingfurtherguaranteesthatcosmeticsaresafeandproperlylabeled.Cosmeticscompaniestesttheirproducts,eitherintheirownlaboratoriesorthroughotherlaboratories.

Recently,thecosmeticsindustrytradeassociation,theCosmetic,ToiletryandFragranceAssociation（CTFA）,developedwiththeFDAavoluntaryprogramwhichshouldassisttheFDA'seffortsinassuringthatcosmeticsareharmless.ThefirststepoftheprogramisthevoluntarylistingofcosmeticfirmswiththeFDA.ThesecondstepcallsforthemanufacturerstolistwiththeFDAtheingredientsintheirproducts,exceptforflavorsandfragrances.ThethirdsteprequirescompaniestoprovidetheFDAwithinformationonallconsumercomplaintstheyreceive.

Theseprogramsshouldcontributetowardevengreaterassurancesthatcosmeticswillbesafe.

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

appearance）

解析：

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

harmful）

解析：

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

authority）

解析：

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

bacteria）

解析：

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

preparations）

解析：

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

laboratories）

解析：

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

voluntarylisting）

解析：

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

products）

解析：

填空项1:

__________________ （正确答案：

programs）

解析：

四、SECTIONB（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

五、Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.

Nowlistentotheinterview.

（总题数：

1，分数：

5.00）

（分数：

5.00）

 A.Onlythediseasedpartofthebodyistreated. √

 B.Thedoctortreatsthewholeperson.

 C.Thewholepersonandthediseasedpartarebothtreated.

 D.Patientsaretreatedinaconventionalway.

解析：

[听力原文]1-5

Interviewer:

Iunderstandyou'reinterestedinholisticmedicine.Canyouexplainwhatholisticmedicineis?

Vivienne:

OK.Holisticmedicine...nm...takesintoconsiderationthewholeoftheperson.Nowwhatthismeansin...sinmostholisticsystemsisregardingthepersonasaphysicalentity,amentaloremotionalperson,andalsoeventheirspiritualsideofthem.Urn...italsoincludeslookingatthebodyasawholeratherthanlookingatindividualpartsofthebody,andasawayofexplainingthis,wecouldlookatconventionalmedicineasproducingpeoplewhoarelikeacardiologist,wholooksataheart..,um...abrainspecialist,apersonwhodealswithbones..,er...etc.Sowhatwe'vetendedtodoinconventionalmedicineistobreakthingsdowntoapointwherewe'reactuallyonlylookingatonepartofthepersonandwe'renotactuallyrelatingterriblywellthatparttotherestofthebody,whereasholisticmedicineinsiststhatifthereisaproblem..,er...withyourrightfoot,thatisgoingtosomehow..,um...affectyourentirebody.

Interviewer:

Um...yourspecialityisacupuncture.Er...isthatapartofholisticmedicine?

Vivienne:

Acupunctureisverymuchaholisticsystem.Urn...traditionallytheChineseregardedthepersonverymuchasawholeentityandacupunctureitselfworksonanenergysystembasically,andinaverysimplifiedway,it'ssayingthat..,er...youhaveanenergysystemwithinyourbodyandwhenthatenergybecomesblockedortaintedinsomeway,thenyouwillmanifestcertainsymptomsandthethingsthatwelookatinconventionalmedicineasthingslikearthritisorrheumatismare,totheChinese,merelyanimbalanceoftheenergy.Sointhisway,theymaysaytoyou,well,yes,youhaverheumatoidarthritisbutwe'regoingtoactuallylookatyourenergybalanceandrebalanceyou,andasaresult,yoursymptomsshoulddisappear.

Interviewer:

Urn...isacupunctureessentiallyaformofpreventativemedicine?

Vivienne:

Traditionally,itwas,verymuch.Um...infact,traditionally..,inChina,peopleonlyusedtopaythedoctorwhiletheywerewellandtheyusedtogototheirdoctorfairlyregularlyon,youknow,maybefourorfivetimesayear,andtheywouldonlypaythedoctorwhentheywerekeptwell.Andiftheygotsick,theydidn'tpaythedoctor.Andthedoctorhadvariousmethodsofwhichacupuncturewasone,dietwasanother,exercisewasanother..,er...ofensuringthatthepersonlivedarightlifestyleandtheiremphasiswasonifyou'relivingarightlifestyle,ifyou'relivingintunewiththelawsoftheuniverse,goingtosleepwhenit'sdark,wakingupwhenit'slight,working,resting,doingallthesethingsproperly,thenyouwon'tgetsick.Unfortunately,ourwayoflookingatlifeintheWestisverydifferentinthatwetendtostruggleoninspiteofourheadacheandnottaketerrii~lymuchnoticeofourbodywhenthingsarenotquitefightandwetendtostruggleonuntilwefalloverandwegetcartedofftohospitalinanambulance.Andso,acupunctureintheWest,unfortunatelyinawayhascometobenotthepreventativemedicinethatitcouldbebecausewe'renottakingresponsibilityenoughforourselvesingoingalongandmakingsurethatwestaywell.

 A.Itworksonrheumatism.

 B.Itworksonblood.

 C.Itworksonarmsandlegs.

 D.Itworksonenergybalance. √

解析：

 A.Doctorstreatedthepatients.

 B.Doctorswerepaidtokeeppeoplewell. √

 C.Peoplewerefrightenedofdoctors.

 D.Theytreatedeachotherasfriends.

解析：

 A.Peoplepreferadoctorofholisticmedicine.

 B.Peopledon'tconsultadoctoreveniftheyareill.

 C.peopledon'tgotoseeadoctoruntiltheyareiii. √

 D.Peopleoftenvisitadoctorwhethertheyareiiiornot.

解析：

 A.Westernersarecrazyaboutwork. √

 B.Westernersemphasizeprevention.

 C.TheChinesepreferconventionalmedicine.

 D.TheChineseemphasizetreatment.

解析：

六、SECTIONC（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

七、Questions6to8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.

Nowlistentothenews.

（总题数：

1，分数：

3.00）

（分数：

3.00）

 A.theexecutivebranch,president,andlegislativebranch.

 B.thepresident,congress,andthelegislativebranch.

 C.theexecutive,legislativeandjudicialdepartment. √

 D.thesupremecourt,judicialandexecutivebranch.

解析：

[听力原文]6-8

TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,thehighestlawoftheland,dividesgovernmentalpoweramongthreeseparateandco-equalbranches:

theexecutiveorpresident,thelegislativewhichincludesbothHousesofCongressandtheJudicialwiththeSupremeCourtasitshead.

AlthoughAlexanderHamilton,oneofthecountry'sfoundersdescribedtheFederalJudiciaryas"beyondcomparison,theweakestofthethreedepartments",UScourtsdohaveavarietyofjudicialpowersvestedinthembytheConstitution.RexLee,alawyerandformerSolicitorGeneraloftheUnitedStates,saysthatbeyondthoseacceptedjudicialpowersthecourts.alsoexerciseafarmoreimportantone.

Inexercisingitspowerofjudicialreview,theSupremeCourthasvoidedordeclaredunconstitutionalover1,000statelawsandmorethan100federallaws.Inthelast50years,theCourthasuseditsauthoritymostoftenindefenceofcivilliberties.Priortothat,judicialreviewwasusedmainlytoprotectpropertyrights.Understandablythepowerofjudicialreviewhasbeencontroversial.Whilemostpeopledefendthejudiciary'sroleasinterpreterofconstitutionallaw,criticschargethattheSupremeCourthasexceededitsintendedauthorityand.alsohasplayedtoobigaroleinshapingAmericanpublicpolicy.

 A.isthestrongestamongthethree.

 B.istheweakestamongthethree. √

 C.makespublicpolicies.

 D.makesFederalLaws.

解析：

 A.declared100federallawsunconstitutional

 B.declaredover1,000statelawsand100federallawsunconstitutional

 C.defendedcivillibertiesmoreoftenthanpropertyrights √

 D.defendedpropertyrightsmoreoftenthancivilrights

解析：

八、Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachqu