高一英语译林版必修3学案Unit2LanguageSectionⅠ 含.docx
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高一英语译林版必修3学案Unit2LanguageSectionⅠ含
Unit2 Language
重点
句型
1.Thatiswhy...
2.Thisisbecause...
3.eventhough引导让步状语从句
4.do/does/did强调谓语动词
5.where引导定语从句
6.“beof+n.”结构
重点
语法
1.名词性从句(Ⅱ)
2.it作形式主语
写作
报道与说明文的写法
考向
apartfrom combine 名词性从句 evenif do强调谓语 where引导定语从句 convenient
ModernEnglish
ModernEnglishdatesfromtheGreatVowelShift,whichtookplacemainlyduringthe15thcentury.EnglishwasfurthertransformedbythespreadofastandardisedLondonbaseddialectingovernmentandadministrationandbythestandardisingeffectofprinting.BythetimeofWilliamShakespeare(midlate16thcentury),thelanguagehadbecomeclearlyrecognizableasModernEnglish.In1604thefirstEnglishdictionarywaspublished.
Englishhascontinuouslyadoptedforeignwords,especiallyfromLatinandGreek,sincetheRenaissance.(Inthe17thcentury,Latinwordswereoftenusedwiththeoriginalinflections,buttheseeventuallydisappeared).AstherearemanywordsfromdifferentlanguagesandEnglishspellingisvariable,theriskofmispronunciationishigh,butremnantsoftheolderformsremaininafewregionaldialects,mostnotablyintheWestCountry.
In1755,SamuelJohnsonpublishedthefirstsignificantEnglishdictionary,DictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.
ThemaindifferencebetweenEarlyModernEnglishandLateModernEnglishisvocabulary.LateModernEnglishhasmanymorewords,arisingfromtwoprincipalfactors:
firstly,theIndustrialRevolutionandtechnologycreatedaneedfornewwords;secondly,theBritishEmpireatitsheightcoveredonequarteroftheEarth'ssurface,andtheEnglishlanguageadoptedforeignwordsfrommanycountries.
Questions:
1.WhattimedoesmodernEnglishdatefrom?
2.WhichcountryhasEnglishadoptedforeignwordsfrom?
Keys:
1.The15thcentury.
2.EspeciallyfromLatinandGreek.
诱思探究
3.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutEnglishanditshistory?
Key:
Theanswerisvarious.
Ⅰ.词汇拓展
1.______n.混合,混合体→______v.混合 n.混合物
答案:
mixture;mix
2.______n.贡献,促成因素;捐赠→______vi.贡献;有助于;捐赠
答案:
contribution;contribute
3.______adj.完全的,整个的→______adv.完全地,整个地
答案:
entire;entirely
4.______n.拼写→______vt.拼写
答案:
spelling;spell
5.______n.关心;忧虑 vt.涉及;使担忧;对……感兴趣→______adj.担心的;有关的
答案:
concern;concerned
6.______vt.进入;使用 n.通道;(使用的)机会,权利→______adj.可接近的;可使用的
答案:
access;accessible
7.______vt.使尴尬,使难堪→______adj.令人尴尬的→______adj.尴尬的→______n.尴尬,难堪
答案:
embarrass;embarrassing;embarrassed;embarrassment
8.______n.结论;推论→______vt.得出结论
答案:
conclusion;conclude
9.______adj.错误的;误解的→______n.错误 v.弄错
答案:
mistaken;mistake
10.______vi.相异,有区别→______adj.不同的→______n.不同;分歧
答案:
differ;different;difference
11.______n.外观,外貌;出现→______vi.出现
答案:
appearance;appear
12.______n.绘画,绘画艺术→______v.绘画
答案:
drawing;draw
13.______vt.简化→______adj.简化了的→______adj.简单的→______简单地;朴素地;仅仅
答案:
simplify;simplified;simple;simply
14.______v.组合;(使)联合→______adj.组合的,结合的
答案:
combine;combined
15.______adj.方便的→______n.方便,便利
答案:
convenient;convenience
Ⅱ.短语互译
1.由……组成(构成)____________
答案:
bemadeupof/consistof
2.忙于____________
答案:
beoccupied/busywith
3.以……命名____________
答案:
nameafter
4.除……之外____________
答案:
asidefrom/apartfrom
5.控制,取得对……的控制____________
答案:
takecontrolof
6.作为整体,总体上____________
答案:
asawhole
7.最后,总之____________
答案:
inconclusion
8.和……不同,不同于____________
答案:
differfrom
9.代表,象征____________
答案:
standfor
10.禁止某人做某事____________
答案:
bansb.fromdoingsth.
11.makecontributionsto____________
答案:
对……作出贡献
12.beconcernedabout____________
答案:
关心
13.haveaccessto____________
答案:
有机会接近/使用
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.__________________Englishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.
那就是为什么英语有许多令人困惑不解的难学的规则的原因。
答案:
Thatiswhy
2.__________________Englishhassomanywordsandphrasesfromdifferentlanguages,butwithsimilarmeanings.
这是因为英语中有一些来自不同语言却存着相近意思的单词或词组。
答案:
Thisisbecause
3.____________theNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.
尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语,但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。
答案:
Eventhough
4.Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguage____________manywordsfromFrench.
另一方面,英语确实从法语那里借来了许多单词。
答案:
didborrow
5.Therearemanysituationsineverydaylife______informalEnglishisallowedorevenpreferred,forexample,whileplayingsportsormeetingfriendsataparty.
在日常生活中有许多场合可以或提倡使用非正式英语,比如,在进行体育运动或朋友聚会时。
答案:
where
6.Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier'sideainteresting,thesystemwastoodifficulttobe__________________.
虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣,但这一方法太过复杂,并不实用。
答案:
ofpracticaluse
SectionⅠ Welcometotheunit&Reading
阅读Reading部分,完成下列练习
Ⅰ.根据课文内容选择最佳选项
1.Whichofthefollowingdoesn'tbelongtoGermanictribes?
A.TheCelts.
B.TheAngles.
C.TheSaxons.
D.TheJutes.
2.WhatwastheresultthattheNormanConquestbroughttotheEnglishlanguage?
A.FrenchreplacedEnglishasthefirstlanguage.
B.FrenchhadaninfluenceontheEnglishlanguage.
C.Anewlanguage,mixingwithFrench,cameintouse.
D.MiddleEnglishwasusedrightaftertheNormanConquest.
3.Nowadays,weusuallyaddsoresattheendofanountomakeplurals.Thisisa(n)______wayofmakingplurals.
A.Celtic B.Germanic
C.French D.English
4.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninfertheRenaissanceresultedinthechangesof______inEnglish.
A.vocabularyB.grammar
C.spellingD.accent
5.Thepassagemainlytellsus______.
A.whenEnglishbegantochange
B.whenEnglishbegantocomeintouse
C.howEnglishwillchangeinthefuture
D.howEnglishchangedthroughitshistory
答案:
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D
Ⅱ.根据课文内容填空,每空一词
English1.______ofthegrammarandvocabularypeoplefromdifferentcountriesbroughttoBritainandithasmanydifficult,2.______rules.
Old
English
It3.______fromtheEnglishwespeaknowadays.
Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury,peopleinBritainspoke4.______.
ThenCelticwasmixedwiththelanguagesoftheAnglesandthe5.______.
Attheendofthe9thcentury,thelanguagesofthe6.______weremixedwithOldEnglish.
Middle
English
It7.______totheEnglishfromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies.
TheNormans,who8.______French,contributedthemosttoit,butFrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.
HenryⅣusedEnglishfor9.______events.
ModernEnglish
Itappearedinthe16thcenturyand10.______manyLatinandGreekwords.
答案:
1.consists 2.confusing 3.differs 4.Celtic 5.Saxons 6.Vikings 7.refers 8.spoke 9.official 10.includes
Ⅲ.判断对错
1.TherewasonlyonereasonthatcontributedtothedevelopmentofMiddleEnglish.( )
2.IfwecouldhearOldEnglishtoday,wewouldbeabletounderstanditwithoutdifficulty.( )
3.Aftertheconquest,theNormansonceorderedtheEnglishtospeakFrench.( )
4.ModernEnglishbeganduringtheRenaissance.( )
答案:
1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T
1.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.(Page22,Lines23)
英语是由这些进入不列颠的人所说语言中的语法和词汇构成的。
bemadeupof由……组成(构成)
Thegroupwasmadeupofdoctors.
这个团体是由医生组成的。
consistof由……组成(构成)
TheAmericanCongressismadeupof/consistsoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.
美国国会由众议院和参议院组成。
Thebrainismadeupof/consistsofcellsinacertainarrangement.
大脑是细胞按照一定的排列方式组成的。
Thecommitteeismadeupof/consistsof12members.
这个委员会由12名成员组成。
makeup编造;组成;化妆
Don'tbelievehim;hemadeupthestory.
不要相信他;故事是他编的。
Farmworkersmakeuponlyasmallsectionofthepopulation.
农民只占人口的一小部分。
Youhavehalfanhourtomakeupbeforetheparty.
晚会开始前,你有半个小时的时间化妆。
consistof与bemadeupof
两者都表示“由……组成”,consistof用主动语态,bemadeupof用被动语态。
TheEarthismadeupofsevencontinentsandfouroceans.=TheEarthconsistsofsevencontinentsandfouroceans.
地球由七大洲和四大洋组成。
Ourclassismadeupoffortystudents.Somegirlsinourclasslikemakingupsomuchthattheyareoftenlateforclass.Whenourteachersask,theyusuallymakeupanexcuseforit.
我们班由40名学生组成,一些女生很喜欢化妆以至于经常迟到。
当老师们问时,她们常编造借口应对。
(1)同义句转换
Ourclassismadeupofthirtyboysandtwentygirls.
①Ourclass____________thirtyboysandtwentygirls.
答案:
consistsof
②Thirtyboysandtwentygirls____________ourclass.
答案:
makeup
(2)翻译句子
一支足球队由11名队员组成。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
Afootballteamismadeupof11players./11playersmakeupafootballteam./Afootballteamconsistsof11players.
(3)单句改错
TheUnitedKingdomisconsistedofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
isconsistedof→consistsof/ismadeupof
(4)单项选择
①NorthAmerica______theUnitedStates,CanadaandMexico.
A.ismadeupof B.consistedof
C.makesup D.makesupof
提示:
B项时态不正确。
因为讲述的是客观事实,故应用一般现在时。
答案:
A
②AmericanIndians______aboutfivepercentoftheU.S.population.
A.fillupB.bringup
C.makeupD.setup
提示:
句意:
美洲印第安人大约占美国人口的5%。
fillup“填充”;bringup“培养,抚养”;makeup“占据,组成”;setup“建立”。
答案:
C
③EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand______jokes.
A.turningupB.puttingup
C.makingupD.showingup
提示:
句意:
村子里的人都喜欢杰克,因为他擅长讲笑话和编笑话。
turnup“调大,出现”;putup“张贴”;makeup“编造”;showup“出现”。
答案:
C
2.ThentwoGermanicgroupsfromtheEuropeanmainland—theAnglesandtheSaxons—occupiedBritain.(Page22,Lines810)
然后,来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。
occupyvt.占领;占用(时间、空间等)
Thebedseemstooccupymostoftheroom.
床似乎占去了大半个屋子。
Writingoccupiesmostofhistime.
写作占去了他大部分的时间。
Heisoccupyinghimselfwithmathsproblems.=Heisoccupiedwithmathsproblems.
他正忙于做数学题。
Thepresidentoccupiesthepositionforfouryears.
总统任期四年。
Heoccupiesanofficeonthe12thfloor.
他在12楼有一间办公室。
忙于……
keepsb.occupiedwith使某人忙于……
(1)完成句子
①叛军已占领了首都。
Thecapital__________________bytherebelarmy.
答案:
hasbeenoccupied
②这个座位有人占吗?
Is__________________?
答案:
thisseatoccupied
(