M5U1柯林斯词典精简.docx
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M5U1柯林斯词典精简
M5Unit1
1.characteristic/kærɪktərɪstɪk/(characteristics)
N-COUNTThecharacteristicsofapersonorthingarethequalitiesorfeaturesthatbelongtothemandmakethemrecognizable.特征
例:
Genesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.
基因决定每个生物的特征。
2.radium/reɪdiəm/
N-UNCOUNTRadiumisaradioactiveelementwhichisusedinthetreatmentofcancer.镭
3.painter/peɪntər/(painters)
N-COUNTApainterisanartistwhopaintspictures.画家
例:
...theFrenchpainterClaudeMonet.
…法国画家克劳德·莫奈。
N-COUNTApainterissomeonewhopaintswalls,doors,andsomeotherpartsofbuildingsastheirjob.油漆工
例:
...thesonofapainteranddecorator.
…一个油漆工兼装修工的儿子。
4.putforward
PHRASALVERBIfyouputforwardaplan,proposal,orname,yousuggestthatitshouldbeconsideredforaparticularpurposeorjob.提出(计划、建议、名称)
例:
Hehasputforwardnewpeaceproposals.
他已提出了新的和平建议。
5.scientific/saɪəntɪfɪk/
Scientificisusedtodescribethingsthatrelatetoscienceortoaparticularscience.科学的
例:
ScientificresearchiswidelyclaimedtobethesourceofthehighstandardoflivingintheU.S.
在美国,科学研究被广泛宣称为高生活水平的来源。
例:
...theuseofanimalsinscientificexperiments.
…科学实验中对动物的使用。
scientificallyADV科学地
例:
...scientificallyadvancedcountries.
…科学发达的国家。
science/saɪəns/(sciences)
1.N-UNCOUNTScienceisthestudyofthenatureandbehaviorofnaturalthingsandtheknowledgethatweobtainaboutthem.科学
例:
Thebestdiscoveriesinscienceareverysimple.
科学上最好的发现都是非常简单的。
2.N-COUNTAscienceisaparticularbranchofsciencesuchasphysics,chemistry,orbiology.(科学的)学科
例:
Physicsisthebestexampleofasciencewhichhasdevelopedstrong,abstracttheories.
物理学是一个发展出了强有力的抽象理论的学科的最好例证。
6.conclude/kənklud/(concludes,concluding,concluded,toconclude)
V-TIfyouconcludethatsomethingistrue,youdecidethatitistrueusingthefactsyouknowasabasis.断定
例:
LarryhadconcludedthathehadnochoicebuttoacceptPaul'swordsasthetruth.
拉里断定他别无选择,只能相信保罗所说为实。
例:
Sowhatcanweconcludefromthisdebate?
那么从这场辩论中我们能推断出什么呢?
2.V-T/V-IWhenyouconclude,yousaythelastthingthatyouaregoingtosay.结束(说话)[FORMAL]
例:
"It'sawasteoftime,"heconcluded.
“这是浪费时间,”他最后说道。
3.V-T/V-IWhensomethingconcludes,orwhenyouconcludeit,youendit.使…结束结束;[FORMAL]
例:
Theeveningconcludedwithdinnerandspeeches.
这个夜晚以晚宴和演讲告一段落。
7.conclusion/kənkluʒən/(conclusions)
N-COUNTWhenyoucometoaconclusion,youdecidethatsomethingistrueafteryouhavethoughtaboutitcarefullyandhaveconsideredalltherelevantfacts.结论
例:
OvertheyearsI'vecometotheconclusionthatshe'saverygreatmusician.
这些年我得出的结论是,她是位非常伟大的音乐家。
2.N-SINGTheconclusionofsomethingisitsending.结束;结局
例:
Attheconclusionoftheprogram,Iaskedthechildreniftheyhadanyquestionstheywantedtoaskme.
节目结束时我问孩子们是否有要问我的问题。
3.PHRASEYousay"inconclusion"toindicatethatwhatyouareabouttosayisthelastthingthatyouwanttosay.最后(用以表明讲话即将结束)
例:
Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyable,andreadilyavailableformofexercise.
综上所述,散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。
8.drawaconclusion得出结论;作结论
例:
Onthebasisoftheanalysisabove,wemaydrawaconclusionthatcooperationandteamworkreallycountinthiscompetitivesociety.
在以上分析的基础上,我们可以得出结论:
在竞争社会中,合作和团队极为重要。
9.analyse/ænəlaɪz/(analyzes,analyzing,analyzed,toanalyze)
V-TIfyouanalyzesomething,youconsideritcarefullyorusestatisticalmethodsinordertofullyunderstandit.分析
例:
McCarthywasaskedtoanalyzethedatafromthefirstphaseoftrialsofthevaccine.
麦卡西被要求分析从这种疫苗试验的第一阶段取得的数据。
analysis/ənælɪsɪs/(analyses)
N-VARAnalysisistheprocessofconsideringsomethingcarefullyorusingstatisticalmethodsinordertounderstanditorexplainit.分析
例:
Sportinggreatnessdefiesanalysis-butweknowitwhenweseeit.
运动的伟大无法进行分析-但是我们一看就知道。
10.infect/ɪnfɛkt/(infects,infecting,infected,toinfect)
1.V-TToinfectpeople,animals,orplantsmeanstocausethemtohaveadiseaseorillness.传染
例:
Asinglemosquitocaninfectalargenumberofpeople.
一只蚊子就能传染很多人。
例:
...objectsusedbyaninfectedperson.
…一名感染者使用过的物品。
infectionN-UNCOUNT传染
例:
...plantsthatareresistanttoinfection.
…抗感染的植物。
2.V-TToinfectasubstanceorareameanstocauseittocontainharmfulgermsorbacteria.使感染有害菌
例:
Thebirdsinfectthemilk.
鸟使牛奶受污染。
3.V-TWhenpeople,places,orthingsareinfectedbyafeelingorinfluence,itspreadstothem.使受影响
例:
ForaninstantIwasinfectedbyherfear.
一瞬间,我被她的恐惧所感染。
例:
Hethoughttheymightinfectotherswiththeirbourgeoisideas.
他认为他们可能用中产阶级思想去影响别人。
11.infectious/ɪnfɛkʃəs/
1.ADJAdiseasethatisinfectiouscanbecaughtbybeingnearapersonwhohasit.Comparecontagious.传染的
例:
...infectiousdiseasessuchasmeasles.
…像麻疹这样的传染病。
2.ADJIfafeelingisinfectious,itspreadstootherpeople.有感染力的
例:
Sheradiatesaninfectiousenthusiasmforeverythingshedoes.
她做的每件事都散发出一种有感染力的热情。
12.cholera/kɒlərə/
N-UNCOUNTCholeraisaseriousdiseasethatoftenkillspeople.Itiscausedbydrinkinginfectedwaterorbyeatinginfectedfood.霍乱
例:
...acholeraepidemic.
…一场霍乱疫情。
13.defeat/dɪfit/(defeats,defeating,defeated,todefeat)
1.V-TIfyoudefeatsomeone,youwinavictoryovertheminabattle,game,orcontest.击败
例:
Hisguerrillasdefeatedthecolonialarmyin1954.
他的游击队在1954年打败了殖民军。
2.V-TIfaproposalormotioninadebateisdefeated,morepeoplevoteagainstitthanforit.(以多数票)挫败[usupassive]
例:
Thebillwasdefeatedwithsupportfromonlytwocongressmen.
由于只得到两位议员的支持,那个议案被否决了。
3.V-TIfataskoraproblemdefeatsyou,itissodifficultthatyoucannotdoitorsolveit.难倒
例:
Thebookhemostwantedtowritewastheonewhichnearlydefeatedhim.
他最想写的书恰恰是几乎难倒他的那一本。
4.V-TTodefeatanactionorplanmeanstocauseittofail.使受挫
例:
Thenavyplayedalimitedbutsignificantroleindefeatingtherebellion.
在平息叛乱中海军起了有限但却重要的作用。
defeat/dɪfit/(defeats)
N-VARDefeatistheexperienceofbeingbeateninabattle,game,orcontest,oroffailingtoachievewhatyouwantedto.失败
例:
Themostimportantthingisnottoadmitdefeatuntilyoureallyhaveto.
最重要的事就是非到不得已不要认输。
例:
...theSonics'31-pointdefeatatSacramentoonSunday.
…超音速队周日在萨克拉门托31分的挫败。
14.expert/ɛkspɜrt/(experts)
1.N-COUNTAnexpertisapersonwhoisveryskilledatdoingsomethingorwhoknowsalotaboutaparticularsubject.专家;行家
例:
...ayogaexpert.
…一位瑜伽专家。
2.ADJSomeonewhoisexpertatdoingsomethingisveryskilledatit.在行的
例:
TheJapaneseareexpertatloweringmanufacturingcosts.
日本人在降低生产成本方面很在行。
expertlyADV在行地[ADVwithv]
例:
Shopkeepersexpertlyrolledspicesupinbayleaves.
店主在行地把各种香料卷进了月桂叶中。
3.ADJIfyousaythatsomeonehasexperthandsoranexperteye,youmeanthattheyareveryskillfulorexperiencedinusingtheirhandsoreyesforaparticularpurpose.行家的[ADJn]
例:
Harveycuredthepainwithhisownexperthands.
哈维用他那行家之手治愈了那病痛。
4.ADJExpertadviceorhelpisgivenbysomeonewhohasstudiedasubjectthoroughlyorwhoisveryskilledataparticularjob.专家的[ADJn]
例:
We'llneedanexpertopinion.
我们将需要专家的意见。
15.attend/ətɛnd/(attends,attending,attended,toattend)
1.V-T/V-IIfyouattendameetingorotherevent,youarepresentatit.参加;出席
例:
Thousandsofpeopleattendedthefuneral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
例:
Themeetingwillbeattendedbyfinanceministersfrommanycountries.
这次会议将有许多国家的财政部长出席。
例:
Thesenatorwasinvitedbutwasunabletoattend.
参议员受到了邀请,但是未能出席。
2.V-TIfyouattendaninstitutionsuchasaschool,college,orchurch,yougothereregularly.上(学);去(教堂)
例:
TheyattendedcollegetogetherattheUniversityofPennsylvania.
他们一起就读于宾夕法尼亚大学。
3.V-IIfyouattendtosomething,youdealwithit.Ifyouattendtosomeonewhoishurtorinjured,youcareforthem.处理;照料
例:
Hetookashortleaveofabsencetoattendtopersonalbusiness.
他休了一个短假去处理私事。
attendance/ətɛndəns/(attendances)
N-UNCOUNTSomeone'sattendanceataneventoraninstitutionisthefactthattheyarepresentattheeventorgoregularlytotheinstitution.出勤;出席
例:
Herattendanceinschoolwassporadic.
她在学校的出勤率很低。
16.physician/fɪzɪʃən/(physicians)
N-COUNTAphysicianisamedicaldoctor.内科医生[FORMAL]
例:
...yourfamilyphysician.
…你的家庭医生。
surgeon/sɜrdʒən/(surgeons)
N-COUNTAsurgeonisadoctorwhoisspeciallytrainedtoperformsurgery.外科医生
例:
...aheartsurgeon.
…一位心脏外科医生。
17.expose/ɪkspoʊz/(exposes,exposing,exposed,toexpose)
1.V-TToexposesomethingthatisusuallyhiddenmeanstouncoveritsothatitcanbeseen.使显露
例:
LoweredsealevelsexposedtheshallowcontinentalshelfbeneaththeBeringSea.
下降了的海平面使白令海底的浅大陆架露了出来。
2.V-TToexposeapersonorsituationmeanstorevealthattheyarebadorimmoralinsomeway.揭露
例:
...thestoryofhowthepresshelpedexposethetruthabouttheNixonadministration.
…关于新闻界如何协助揭露尼克松政府真相的报道。
3.V-TIfsomeoneisexposedtosomethingdangerousorunpleasant,theyareputinasituationinwhichitmightaffectthem.使暴露于(危险或令人不快的境地)
例:
Theyhadnotbeenexposedtomostdiseasescommontourbanpopulations.
他们未曾遭遇城市人口常得的大多数疾病。
例:
Awisemotherneverexposesherchildrentotheslightestpossibilityofdanger.
一个明智的母亲从不会置其孩子于丝毫可能的危险中。
18.expose…to
1.使暴露在(空气、寒冷、风雨、阳光等)中;使无遮蔽,使无保护:
例:
Donotexposeittothesun.
此物谨防日晒。
2.使暴露,使显露;使遭受(攻击、批评、伤害、嘲讽等):
例:
Heisexposedtotheridiculeofthepublic.
他受到公众的嘲弄。
例:
toexposesoldierstogunfire
使士兵们遭受炮火攻击
3.使处于…的影响(或作用)之下;接接触到;使知悉,使了解:
例:
astudentwhohasbeenexposedtoEnglishforsomefiveyears
接触英语达5年左右的学生
4.使曝光:
例:
Thefilmhasbeenexposedtolight.
这胶卷曝了光。
5.向…揭露,揭发,揭穿,披露:
例:
toexposetheshamefulactivitytothenewspapers
向报界揭露这个可耻行径
19.deadly/dɛdli/(deadlier,deadliest