计算机英语第二版课后习题答案.docx
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计算机英语第二版课后习题答案
练习答案
PARTONEComputerBasics
Unit1MyComputer
SectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1．CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron
2．input;output
3．VLSI
4．workstations;mainframes
5．vacuum;transistors
6．instructions;software
7．digit;eight;byte
8．microminiaturization;chip
II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1．artificialintelligence人工智能
2．paper-tapereader纸空阅读机
3．opticalcomputer光学计算机
4．neuralnetwork神经网络
5．instructionset指令集
6．parallelprocessing平行处理
7．differenceengine差分机
8．versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑器件
9．siliconsubstrate硅基
10．vacuumtube真空管（电子管）
11．thestorageandhandlingofdata数据的存储与处理
12．verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit超大规模集成电路
13．centralprocessingunit中央处理器
14．personalcomputer个人计算机
15．analoguecomputer模拟计算机
16．digitalcomputer数字计算机
17．general-purposecomputer通用计算机
18．processorchip处理器芯片
19．operatinginstructions操作指令
20．inputdevice输入设备
III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanbeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse（forexample,theageofthemachine）beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.
Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC,introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.
IV．TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.
Acomputersystemincludesacomputer,peripheral（外围的）devices,andsoftware.Theelectric,electronic,andmechanicaldevicesusedforprocessingdataarereferredtoashardware.Inadditiontothecomputeritself,theterm“hardware”referstocomponentscalledperipheraldevicesthatexpandthecomputer’sinput,output,andstoragecapabilities.Computerhardwareinandofitselfdoesnotprovideaparticularlyusefulmindtool.Tobeuseful,acomputerrequiresasetofinstructions,calledsoftwareoracomputerprogram,whichtellsthecomputerhowtoperformaparticulartask.Computersbecomeevenmoreeffectivewhenconnectedtoothercomputersinanetworksouserscanshareinformation.
计算机系统包括计算机、外围设备和软件。
用于处理数据的电动、电子与机械设备称为硬件。
除了计算机本身之外，“硬件”这一术语还指被称为外围设备的组件，这些外围设备可扩大计算机的输入、输出和存储能力。
计算机硬件本身在本质上并未提供一件特别有用的智能工具。
计算机要想变得有用，就需要有称为软件或计算机程序的一套指令，来告诉计算机如何执行一项特定的任务。
计算机在以下情况下变得更加有效：
与网络中的其他计算机相连接，以使用户能够共享信息
SectionBI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1．display
2．underwater;GUI
3．intranet
4．functionality
II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1．circuitboard电路板
2．betatestingβ测试
3．thin-clientcomputer瘦客户机电脑
4．cellphone蜂窝电话（移动电话）
5．digitalvideo数码摄像机，数码影视
6．Pentiumprocessor奔腾处理器
7．virtualscreen虚拟屏幕
8．desktopcomputerspecifications台式计算机规格
9．radiofrequency射频
10．wearablecomputer可佩带式计算机
SectionCPDAPrizefight:
Palmvs.PocketPC
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.WithDataViz’sDocumentsToGo,youcanviewandeditdesktopdocumentsonyourPDAwithoutconvertingthemfirsttoaPDA-specific________.（format）
2.BothPalmOSandWindowsMobilePDAscanoffere-mailvia________sothatnewmessagesreceivedonyourdesktopsystemaretransferredtothePDAforon-the-goreading.（synchronization）
3.TheWindowsMobilekeyboard,BlockRecognizer,andLetterRecognizerareall________inputareas,meaningtheyappearanddisappearasneeded.（virtual）
4.Generallyspeaking,WindowsMobileperformsbetterinenteringinformationandplaying________fileswhilePalmOSofferseasieroperation,more________programs,betterdesktopcompatibility,andastrongere-mailapplication.（multimedia;third-party）
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.datafield数据字段
2.learningcurve学习曲线
3.third-partysolution第三方解决方案
4.WindowsMediaPlayerWindows媒体播放器
5.开始按钮Startbutton
6.指定输入区designatedinputarea
7.手写体识别系统handwriting-recognitionsystem
8.字符集characterset
Unit2ComputerArchitecture
SectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1．input;output;storage
2．BasicInputOutputSystem
3．flatbedscanners;hand-heldscanners
4．LCD-based
5．dot-matrixprinters;inkjetprinters
6．diskdrives;memory
7．Volatile
8．serial;parallel
II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1．informationretrieval信息检索
2．voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块
3．touch-sensitiveregion触感区，触摸区
4．addressbus地址总线
5．flatbedscanner平板扫描仪
6．dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机（针式打印机）
7．parallelconnection并行连接
8．cathoderaytube阴极射线管
9．videogame电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）
10．audiosignal音频信号
11．operatingsystem操作系统
12．LCD（liquidcrystaldisplay）液晶显示（器）
13．inkjetprinter喷墨打印机
14．databus数据总线
15．serialconnection串行连接
16．volatilememory易失性存储器
17．laserprinter激光打印机
18．diskdrive磁盘驱动器
19．BIOS（BasicInputOutputSystem）基本输入输出系统
20．videodisplay视频显示器
III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiskread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldisksusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisk,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpyareas（called“pits”）onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiskisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.
LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”disk.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprintedbythepublisher.
AsingleCD-ROMdiskcanstore650megabytesofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisk,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.
IV．TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.
Amodemisadevicethatconvertsbetweenanaloganddigitalsignals.Digitalsignals,whichareusedbycomputers,aremadeupofseparateunits,usuallyrepresentedbyaseriesof1’sand0’s.Analogsignalsvarycontinuously;anexampleofananalogsignalisasoundwave.Modemsareoftenusedtoenablecomputerstocommunicatewitheachotheracrosstelephonelines.Amodemconvertsthedigitalsignalsofthesendingcomputertoanalogsignalsthatcanbetransmittedthroughtelephonelines.Whenthesignalreachesitsdestination,anothermodemreconstructstheoriginaldigitalsignal,whichisprocessedbythereceivingcomputer.Ifbothmodemscantransmitdatatoeachothersimultaneously,themodemsareoperatinginfullduplex（双工的）mode;ifonlyonemodemcantransmitatatime,themodemsareoperatinginhalfduplexmode.
调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。
计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。
模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。
调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。
调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。
信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。
如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。
SectionBI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1．low-speed
2．topology;hub
3．control;bulk
4．token;handshake
II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1．ISAslotISA总线槽
2．configurationregister配置寄存器
3．stillcamera静物照相机
4．tokenpacket令牌包
5．expansionhub扩展集线器
6．USB（UniversalSerialBus）通用串行总线
7．roothub根集线器
8．I/Odevice输入输出设备
9．controlframe控制帧
10．PCI（PeripheralComponentInterconnect）外部设备互连
SectionCI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1．higher;cheaper;shelfspace
2．single-layer;double-sided;politics
3．Substrate
4．incompatibility
II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1．videotape录像带
2．aspectratio（电视、电影图像的）高宽比，纵横比
3．CD-RW可擦写光驱
4．laserdiode激光二极管
5．reflectivelayer反射层
6．opticaldisk光盘
7．highresolution高分辨率
8．floppydisk软盘
Unit3OperatingSystem
SectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1．Software
2．Multitasking
3．Virtual
4．IBMorInternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation
5．UNIX;multiuser
6．Windows;graphical
7．command-line
8．distributed
II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1．dataset数据集
2．pointingdevice指点设备
3．graphicaluserinterface图形化用户界面
4．time-slicemultitasking分时多任务处理
5．object-orientedprogramming面向对象编程
6．clickonanicon点击图标
7．contextswitching上下文转换
8．distributedsystem分布式系统
9．pull-downlistsofcommands命令的下拉列表
10．simultaneousaccess同时访问
11．command-lineinterface命令行界面
12．multitaskingenvironment多任务化环境
13．spreadsheetprogram电子制表程序
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