高考英语真题分类 H第一部分阅读理解考点8 议论说理类带答案.docx

高考英语真题分类 H第一部分阅读理解考点8 议论说理类带答案.docx

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高考英语真题分类H第一部分阅读理解考点8议论说理类带答案

第一部分阅读理解

考点8议论说理类

一、（2018年全国卷Ⅰ）C

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing．Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother．Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10，000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12，000languagesbetweenthem．

Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber．Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation．thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation．especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish．SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover．

Atpresent，theworldhasabout6800languages．Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven．Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages．oftenspokenbymanypeople，whilehot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspokenbysmallnumbers．Europehasonlyaround200languages；theAmericasabout1，000．Africa2,400；andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3，200，ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800．Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat．

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡），withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft．Pick，atrandom，BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers），ChiapanecoinMexico（150）．LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one，withaquestion-mark）：

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival．

28．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A．Theydevelopedveryfast．B．Theywerelargeinnumber．

C．Theyhadsimilarpatters．D．Theywerecloselyconnected

29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？

A．Complex．B．Advanced．C．Powerful．D．Modem．

30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A．About6,800B．About3,400C．About2,400D．About1,200

31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A．Newlanguageswillbecreated．

B．People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages

C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages

D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution．

二、（2018年全国卷Ⅱ）C

Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday．

Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading．

Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,“theproportion（比例）whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday．”

Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythesame．Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession．

Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建议）parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading．Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime．

Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading．Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread．

Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore．

28．WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?

A．Children’sreadinghabits．B．Qualityofchildren’sbooks．

C．Children’safter-classactivities．D．Parent-childrelationships．

29．Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports"childrenarereadingalotlessforfun"?

A．Inparagraph2．B．Inparagraph3．

C．Inparagraph4．D．Inparagraph5．

30．Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?

A．E-booksareofpoorquality．B．Itcouldbeawasteoftime．

C．Itmayharmchildren’shealth．D．E-readersareexpensive．

31．Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?

A．Actasrolemodelsforthem．B．Askthemtowritebookreports．

C．Setupreadinggroupsforthem．D．Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers．

三、（2018年全国卷Ⅲ）D

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects．Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?

ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless．

Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked．Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness．Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund（基金）（ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor）

Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions：

Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?

Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?

Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis．Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest．Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max．Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable．Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit．Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim．BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch．

Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether．HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis．Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus．

32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?

A．Themore,thebetter．B．Enoughisenough．

C．Moremoney,moreworries．D．Earnmoreandspendmore．

33．WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?

A．SavingupforherholidayB．Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl

B．AddingthemoneytoherfundD．Givingthemoneytoasickmother

34．WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?

A．TotryoutanideaB．Toshowaparent'slove

C．TotrainhisattentionD．Tohelphimstartahobby

35．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．TakeItorLeaveItB．ALessonfromKids

C．LiveMorewithLessD．ThePleasureofGiving

四、（2018年天津卷）D

Giveyourselfatest．Whichwayisthewindblowing?

Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?

Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you’llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions．

Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults．Achild’sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder．Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness．Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear；wearenumb（麻木的）tonewstimulation（刺激）,newideas．Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits．

Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs．Thisblocksawareness．OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream．Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe．Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead．Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring．Latertheyalladmittedthey’dfeltcoldwateratfirst．

Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession（痴迷）manyofushavewithnamingthings．Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a"ruby-crownedkinglet"andcheckeditoff．Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing．

Thepressuresof"time"and"destination"arefurtherblockstoawareness．Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcampgroundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark．Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat’saroundthem．Iaskedthemwhatthey’dseen．"Oh,afewbirds,"theysaid．Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations．

Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait．Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations．Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife．

51．AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore______．

A．anxioustodowondersB．sensitivetoothers’feelings

C．likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD．eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem

52．WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?

A．Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions．B．Tostopcomplainingallthetime．

C．Tofollowtheteacher’sadvice．D．Toadmitmistakeshonestly．

53．Thebirdwatchers’behaviorshowsthatthey__________．

A．areverypatientintheirobservationB．arereallyfascinatedbynature

C．careonlyaboutthenamesofbirdsD．questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides

54．Whydothehikerstakenonoticeoft