语言学教程第四版 练习 第一章.docx

语言学教程第四版 练习 第一章.docx

《语言学教程第四版 练习 第一章.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语言学教程第四版 练习 第一章.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

语言学教程第四版练习第一章

ChapterOneIntroductiontoLinguistics

I.Markthechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement.

languages’havethreemajorcomponents:

asoundsystem,asystemof___andasystemofsemantics.

A.morphologyB.lexicogrammar

C.syntaxD.meaning

ofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary

functionofthesentenceWaterboilsat100degreesCentigradeis___.

Chinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay碎碎（岁岁）平安asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievemightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctiondoesitperform

ofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplaceofspeaking（duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation）

A.TransferabilityB.Duality

C.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness

6.Whatlanguagefunctiondoesthefollowingconversationplay（Thetwochattersjustmetandwerestartingtheirconversationbythefollowingdialogue.）

A：

Aniceday,isn’tit

B:

Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal

referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

C.LangueD.Parole

adogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshereandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthatdog’slanguagedoesnothavethefeatureof---------.

A.ReferenceB.ProductivityC.Displacement

answerssuchquestionsasweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics

dealswiththestudyofdialectsindifferentsocialclassesinaparticularregion.

A.LinguistictheoryB.Practicallinguistics

C.SociolinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

II.Markthefollowingstatementswith“T”iftheyaretrueor“F”iftheyarefalse.（10%）

1.ThewidelyacceptedmeaningofarbitrarinesswasdiscussedbyChomskyfirst.

2.Forlearnersofaforeignlanguage,itisarbitrarinessthatismoreworthnoticingthanitsconventionality.

3.Displacementbenefitshumanbeingsbygivingthemthepowertohandlegeneralizationsandabstractions.

4.ForJakobsonandthePragueschoolstructuralists,thepurposeofcommunicationistorefer.

5.Interpersonalfunctionisalsocalledideationalfunctionintheframeworkoffunctionalgrammar.

6.Emotivefunctionisalsodiscussedunderthetermexpressivefunction.

7.TherelationshipbetweencompetenceandperformanceinChomsky’stheoryisthatbetweenalanguagecommunityandanindividuallanguageuser.

studyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

phoneticsinvestigatesthepropertiesofthesoundwaves.

natureoflinguisticsasasciencedeterminesitspreoccupationwithprescriptioninsteadofdescription.

III．Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriateword.Thefirstletterofthewordisalreadygiven（10％）

1.Nowadays,twokindsofresearchmethodsco-existinlinguisticstudies,namely,qualitativeandq__________researchapproaches.

2.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermedasp__________.

hasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutlanguage.Thisfunctionism__________function.

claimthatlanguageoriginatedbyprimitivemaninvoluntarymakingvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthey＿theory.

isoftensaidtobeconcernedwiththeorganizationofspeechwithinspecificlanguage,orwiththesystemsandpatternsofsoundsthatoccurinparticularlanguage.

linguisticsisd＿inthesensethatlinguisttirestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

generalprincipleoflinguisticsanalysisistheprimacyofs___________overwriting.

8.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad___________linguisticstudy.

9.Saussureputforwardtheconceptl__________torefertotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

10.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’sc__________.

IV.Explainthefollowingconceptsortheories.

1.Designfeatures

2.Displacement

3.Competence

4.Synchroniclinguistics

V.Answerthefollowingquestionbriefly.（10%）

dopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguages

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewouldbelikeifithadnosuchdesignfeatures

canweuselanguagetodothingsPleasegivetwoexamplestoshowthispoint.

VI.MatcheachterminColumnAwithonerelevantiteminColumnB.（10%）

A

B

（1）languagevarieties

a.phonetics

（2）informationretrieval

b.phonology

（3）shapeofsyllables

c.morphology

（4）emergenceoflanguage

d.syntax

（5）wordformation

e.semantics

（6）productionofspeech

f.pragmatics

（7）immediateconstituents

g.psycholinguistics

（8）reference,forceandeffect

h.sociolinguistics

（9）denotationofwords

I.anthropologicallinguistics

（10）cognition

j.computationallinguistics

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswith（an）appropriateword（s）.

1.Languageis____________inthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.

2.Languageis_____________and__________inthatlanguageisasocialsemioticandcommunicationcanonlytakeplaceeffectivelyifalltheusersshareabroadunderstandingofhumaninteraction.

featuresthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled_____________,whichinclude____________,_____________,______________,_____________.

theoppositesideofarbitrariness.

factthatinthesystemofspokenlanguage,wehavetheprimaryunitsaswordsandsecondaryunitsassoundshowsthatlanguagehasthepropertyof___________.isresourcefulbecauseofits_____________andits___________,whichcontributestothe_____________oflanguage.

humanbeingsbygivingthemthepowertohandlegeneralizationandabstractions.

Jakobson’sversion,therearesixfunctionsoflanguage,namely,____________,_____________,_______________,________________,________________andmetalingualfunction.

peopleuselanguagetoexpressattitudes,feelingsandemotions,peopleareusingthe_____________functionoflanguageinJakobson’sversion.

functionalgrammar,languagehasthreemetafunctions,namely,_____________,____________________,__________________.

Halliday’sthreemetafunctions______________createsrelevancetocontext.

oflanguageisprimarytochangethesocialstatusofpersons.

namefivemainbranchoflinguistics:

___________________________,___________________,__________________,_____________________and____________________.

westudythespeechsoundsproducedbyarticulatoryorgansbyidentifyingandclassifyingtheindividualsounds.

wefocusonthewayinwhichthelisteneranalyzesorprocessesasoundwave

theminimalunitofmeaning.

studyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalled_______________.

studyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationiscalled_________________.

studyofthewayinwhichsymbolsrepresentsoundsinlinguistcommunicatearearrangedtoformwordshasconstitutedthebranchofstudycalled_____________.

studyofruleswhichgovernsthecombinationsofwordstoformpermissiblesentencesconstitutesamajorbranchoflinguisticstudiesthatis_________________.

factthatwehavealliterationinpoemsisprobablybecauseofthe__________________functionoflanguage.

III.Markthechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement.

1.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomeprintintimeisa_______________study.

A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronic

2.AccordingtoChomsky,aspeakercanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentencebecause_______

A.hehascomeacrossalloftheminhislife

B.hehasinternalizedasetofrulesabouthislanguage

C.hehasacquiredtheabilitythroughtheactofcommunicatingwithotherslanguage

3.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleisverysimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance,butSaussuretakesa____________viewoflanguageandChomskylooksatlanguagefroma__________pointofview

A.sociological,psychologicalB.psychological,sociological

C.biological,psychologicalD.psychological,biological

4.Thefactthatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordpenandthethingwewritewithindicateslanguageis______

A.arbitraryB.rule-governedC.appliedD.illogical

5.Wecanunderstandandproduceaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceincludingsentencesweneverheardbefore,becauselanguageis______

A.creativeB.arbitraryC.limitlessD.resourceful

6.______meanslanguagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationofthespeaker

A.DualityB.DisplacementC.productivityD.Arbitrariness

7.______examineshowmeaningisencodedinalanguage

A.PhoneticsB.syntaxC.SemanticD.Pragmatics

8.______isconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.

B.syntaxC.SemanticD.phonology

9.______referstothefactthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning

B.ArbitrarinessC.ReplacementD.Creativity

10.______oflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,and______oflanguagemakeslearningalanguagelaborious

A.Conventionality,arbitrarinessB.Arbitrariness,replacement

C.Arbitrariness,conventionalityD.Conventionality,arbitrariness

11.Whenpeopleuselanguagetoindulgeinitselfforitsowns