届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventors and inventions单元学案30页word版.docx

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届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案30页word版

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案

一单元基础词汇语法回顾

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.Hesawthegreysummitofthemountainagainstab________backgroundofthebluesky.

答案:

brilliant

2.Laterhewasforashorttimea________toFrance.

答案:

ambassador

3.Thepartofthearmbetweentheelbowandtheshoulderiscalledtheu________arm.

答案:

upper

4.Ifshemarriesaforeigner,willhers________asaBritishcitizenbeaffected?

答案:

status

5.Ireallylikethea________muchbetterthanmodernart.

答案:

antique

6.The________(改编本)oftheplayforradiowaseasilydone.

答案:

adaptation

7.Twomenformeda________(阴谋)torobthebank.

答案:

plot

8.Hedidnot________(犹豫)toaskhertositbesidehim.

答案:

hesitate

9.____________(使人心烦的)financialproblemsdepressedhim.

答案:

Troublesome

10.Thisbookwasthe________(结局)ofatremendousamountofscientificwork.

答案:

outcome

Ⅱ.完成句子

1.Hisillness____________________(注定他躺在床上)allthetime.

答案:

condemmedhimtolieinbed

2.She____________________(发大财)andworediamondsanddesignerclothes.

答案:

madeafortune

3.Ifyoushouldeverneedsomething,____________________(别犹豫,联系我).I'lldomybesttohelpyou.

答案:

don'thesitatetocontactme

4.____________________(就质量和数量而言),theclothesfactoryinourtownisdoingmuchbetterthanlastyear.

答案:

Intermsofqualityandquantity

5.Astheprogramended,themusicslowly____________________(渐弱)andsomeonebegantospeak.

答案:

fadedout

6.____________________(一般而言),pricesfollowdemand;ifthereisnodemand,pricesarelow.

答案:

Generallyspeaking

7.Whenhedidn'tknowhowtogetoutofthebuilding,aboy_____________(把他送出去).

答案:

showedhimout

8.-Howaretheygettingonwiththeirwork?

-All____________________(像计划的那样进展顺利).

答案:

goeswellasplanned

9.________(必要的时候),wewilltakeonmoreworkers.

答案:

Whennecessary

10.AsfarasIcanremember,________________________(每次我打电话),mysonwouldanswer.

答案:

everytimeIcalled

单项填空

1.—Haveyou______?

—No.Ihadthewrongnumber.

A.gotin        B.gotaway

C.gotoffD.gotthrough

解析考查动词短语的区别。

getin“插话,收割”;getaway“离开;走开”;getoff“下车”;getthrough“接通电话,完成,到达,通过”,由此可知该题的答案为D项,意思是“你打通电话了吗?

答案D

2.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney______inthelibrary.

A.discoveredB.tobediscovered

C.discoveringD.havingdiscovered

解析考查非谓语动词作定语。

句意:

迄今为止,没有人认领在图书馆里发现的钱。

因discover与money之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语。

答案A

3.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting______.

A.todiscoverB.tobediscovered

C.discoveredD.beingdiscovered

解析考查不定式的被动式作目的状语。

解答这类题时,一定要弄清非谓语动词和主语之间的逻辑关系。

句意:

在外面有许多有才华的演员等着被发现。

tobediscovered为不定式短语作目的状语。

discover与其逻辑主语actors之间为动宾关系,且discover动作是将要发生,故用动词不定式的被动式。

答案B

4.Afterthat,heknewhecould______anyemergencybydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.

A.getawaywithB.getonwith

C.getthroughD.getacross

解析考查get动词短语。

句意:

(经历过)那件事以后,他知道只要他尽自己所能就能处理任何紧急情况。

tothebestof尽……所能;就……的限度。

getawaywith携……潜逃;(做了坏事)逍遥法外;getonwith进展;相处;getthrough通过;完成;getacross过(马路、桥等);使(人)了解自己的意思。

由句意可知,C项为最佳选项。

答案C

5.It’sthesortofworkthat______ahighlevelofconcentration.

A.callsforB.makesup

C.liesonD.standsfor

解析考查短语动词辨析。

callfor需要,需求;makeup编(故事、借口等);liein位于,在于;standfor代表。

根据句意,A项符合。

答案A

6.Itriedphoningheroffice,butIcouldn’t______.

A.getalongB.geton

C.gettoD.getthrough

解析考查动词词组辨析。

getalong“相处融洽,进展”;geton“继续,进行,上车”;getto“到达,开始”;getthrough“穿过,通过,读完,打通(电话)”。

根据句意:

我试着给她办公室打电话,但是没有打通。

因此只有getthrough符合句意。

答案D

7.Itisdifficultto______onetwinfromtheother.Theyalmostdon’t______fromeachother.

A.differ;distinguishB.distinguish;different

C.distinguish;differD.tell;different

解析distinguish表示“区分,辨别”,常构成distinguishAfromB,而differfromeachother意为“有区别,不同于”,相当于bedifferentfromeachother。

答案C

8.—Mum,itisniceweather.Iwanttoskatethisafternoon.

—Don’tyouthinktheiceonthelakeistoothinto______yourweight?

A.carryB.bear

C.catchD.take

解析这里的bear不表示“忍受”,而是“承受”的意思。

答案B

9.Hardlycouldhe______thisamountofworkinsuchashorttime.

A.getthroughB.getoff

C.getintoD.getdown

解析考查动词短语辨析。

句意:

在这么短的时间内他几乎完不成这么多工作。

getthrough有完成之意,符合句意。

getoff下车;getinto进入,陷入;getdown“下车,吞下,写下”;都与句意不搭配。

答案A

10.Itishardforyoungchildrentodistinguishright______wrong.

A.with   B.to

C.from   D.between

解析distinguishrightfromwrong“辨别是与非”。

答案C

11.Whenweplanourvacation,motheroftenoffers______suggestions.

A.carefulB.practical

C.effectiveD.acceptable

解析母亲是长辈,她所拥有的是实用的信息。

建议要经过检验之后才知道是否有效,排除C项,可接受的建议不一定实用,排除D项。

答案B

12.—Mum,we’vegottobe______andbuyonlywhatweneed.

—Oh,I’mgladtohearthat.

A.practicalB.content

C.familiarD.actual

解析前句句意:

我们一定要实际些,只要我们需要的东西。

practica

l实际的,符合情况的;content满意的;familiar熟悉的;actual实际的。

答案A

13.Letterboxesaremuchmore______intheUKthanintheUS,wheremostpeoplehaveamailboxinstead.

A.commonB.normal

C.ordinaryD.usual

解析考查同义词辨析。

句意:

信箱在英国比在美国更常用,在美国大多数人都有一个邮箱。

common指“为许多人或事物所共同具有的,因而常见”;ordinary指“由于与一般事物的性质或标准相同,因而显得平常,无奇特之处,反义词为special”;usual指“在某一地方或某一时间内所常见的,往往指常用的东西,或常发生的事情,反义词为unusual”;normal同regular一样,意为“正常的,正规的,标准的”。

答案A

14.Startoutrightaway,______you’llmissthefirsttrain.

A.and   B.but

C.or   D.which

解析句意:

立刻出发,否则你会错过第一班火车的。

or否则,符合句意。

答案C

15.ChristmasDayisusuallycelebratedonDecember25th______thebirthofJesusChrist.

A.inpraiseofB.inhonorof

C.intermsofD.inassociationwith

解析考查介词短语辨析。

inpraiseof称赞;inhonorof纪念;intermsof在……方面;inassociationwith与……在一起,与……联合。

由题意知选B项。

答案B

 

单元知识综合测试

阅读理解

A

(2017·福州市八县高三上学期期末)

AnewUSgovernmentreportsaysmorethantwomillionAmericansfallilleachyearwithdrugresistantbacterialinfections(感染),and23,000ofthemaredyingasaresult.TheheadoftheUnitedStatesCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)saidthatthenumberprobablywillgrow.Officialswarnthatstepsmustbetakennowtopreservetheeffectivenessofantibiotic(抗生素)drugs.

Withouturgentactiontostopthattrend,warnedTomFriedenwhoseagencywrotethereport,themiracledrugstofightthemwon'tbeavailableinthefuture.

“Ifwearenotcareful,themedicinechestwillbeemptywhenwegotheretolookforalifesavingantibioticforsomeonewithadeadlyinfection.Butifweactnow,wecanpreservethesemedicationswhilewecontinuetoworkondevelopmentofnewmedicines.”

Thereportnamesadrugresistantabuseofgonorrhea(淋病),whichcausesaboutonequarterofamillionhospitalizationsintheUnitedStatesannually.Ofthenumberatleast14,000resultindeath.

Drugresistancedevelopsthroughtheoveruseandinappropriateuseofantibacterialagents.Thesecanbe:

doctorsprescribing(开药)themtopatientswhohaveviralinfectionsthatarenotaffectedbymedicinemeanttofightbacteria;patientsnottakingalloftheirmedicineasprescribed,sothebacteriamakingthemsickareonlyweakened,notkilled;antibioticuseinheahhyfarmanimalstopreventillnessandpromotegrowth.Antibioticremaindersleftinmeatandanimalproductscanthenleadtodrugresistanceinhumans.

Tolimitthespreadofresistantinfections,expertsrecommendwideruseofroutineimmunizations(预防),aswellashandwashinginhospitalsandotherhealthcarefacilities.Also,thereporturgeshandwashingbyfoodhandlers.

MichaelBell,deputydirectoroftheDivisionofHeahhcareQualityPromotionatCDC,saidpatientsalsocanplayaroleinpreservingtheeffectivenessofantibioticsbyaskinghealthcareprovidersafewsimplequestions.

【文章大意】 本文为记叙文,主要讲述了美国保护抗菌药物的行动。

1.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.DrugResistanceDeveiopingQuicklyintheUS

B.Drug-resistantBacterialInfectionsGrowingintheUS

C.ActionsforPreservingAntibacterialMedicationsintheUS

D.PreventionsofDrugresistantBacterialInfectionsintheUS

解析:

主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍了美国保护抗菌药物的行动。

答案:

C

2.AccordingtoFrieden,wemusttakemeasureswithoutdelaytopreserveeffectivenessofantibiotics,or________.

A.wewillhavetodevelopbettermedicinesinplaceofantibiotics

B.theremaybenoeffectiveantibacterialdrugsforuseinthefuture

C.wecan'tfindothermedicinestocureseriousillnessesinthefuture

D.moreandmoreAmericanswillsufferfrombacterialinfectionseachyear

解析:

细节理解题。

根据第二段“Withouturgentactiontostopthattrend...themiracledrugstofightthemwon'tbeavailableinthefuture.”可判断,Frieden认为我们不立即采取行动的话,将来这种药物就会绝迹。

答案:

B

3.Ofthosepatientsadmittedtothehospitalbecauseofadrugresistantabuseofgonorrheaannually,deathsaddupto________.

A.atleast5.6%     B.about25%

C.about1.4%D.atleast2.5%

解析:

数字计算题。

根据第四段内容计算可得知,每25万(onequarterofamillion)滥用抗生素的淋病患者中至少有14000人死亡,死亡率是5.6%。

答案:

A

4.Oneoftheapproachesthroughwhichdrugresistancedevelopsisthat________.

A.peopleeatthemeatwithantibioticremainderinanimals

B.doctorsprescribelessantibioticsthanneededforpatients

C.doctorsprescribemuchmoreantibioticthanneededforpatients

D.patientsdon'ttaketheirantibacterialagentsthatdoctorsprescribe

解析:

细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段中的“...antibioticuseinhealthyfarmanimalstopreventillnessandpromotegrowth.Antibioticremaindersleftinmeatandanimalproductscanthenleadtodrugresistanceinhumans.”可知,人食用了含有抗生素的肉和动物产品,从而有了抗药性。

答案:

A

B

(2018·贵州省六校联盟高三第一次联考)

ItwasfifteenpastnineasMariehurriedintotheofficebuildingwhereshewasgoingtowork.Herbushadinchedalongthroughheavymorningtraffic,makingherafewminuteslateforherveryfirstjob.Shedecidedtostartouthalfanhourearlierthenextday.

Onceinsidethebuilding,shehadtostandattheelevatorsandwaitseveralminutesbeforeshecouldgetononegoingtothesixthfloor.Whenshefinallyreachedtheofficemarked“SmithEnterprises”,sheknockedatthedoornervouslyandwaited.Therewasnoreply.Shetappedonthedooragain,but

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