完整word版高中英语45个介词的基本用法doc.docx

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完整word版高中英语45个介词的基本用法doc.docx

完整word版高中英语45个介词的基本用法doc

 

——45个基本介词的用法

1、about

【原始含】

a-b-out“A在B外面”

【引申含】

[prep]

(1)在⋯到,在⋯各hereandthere

eg:

Wewanderedaboutthetownforanhourorso.

Helookedabouttheroom.

(2)在⋯附近nexttoaplace

eg.Shelivesabouttheoffice.

(3)关于inconnectionwitheg:

abookaboutEnglishstudy

Idon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.

 

[adv]

(1

)大closeto

eg:

Weleftthereabout10o

’clock.

(2

Itcostsabout500dollars.

)到,各

eg:

Thechildrenwererushingaboutinthegarden.

(3)在附近

eg:

Thereisnofoodabout.

 

【常搭配】

 

作介的搭配:

 

一.+(about+名)

(1)arrange(aboutsth)

安排关于某事

(2)argue

(aboutsth)

某事

(3)ask(aboutsth)

关于某事

(4)boast(aboutsb/sth)

吹嘘...

(5)care(aboutsb/sth)

关心⋯,⋯感趣

(6)chat

(aboutsth)

某事

(7)complain

(aboutsb/sth)

抱怨⋯

(8)dream(aboutsb/sth)

梦某人/某物

(9)go(aboutsth)

着手做...;从事...

 

(10)hear(aboutsth)

(11)know(aboutsth)

(12)learn(aboutsth)

(13)put(aboutsth)

(14)quarrel(aboutsth)

(15)see(aboutsth)

(16)talk(aboutsth)

(17)think(aboutsth)

(18)warnsb(aboutsth)

(19)wonder(aboutsb/sth)

(20)worry(aboutsb/sth)

 

听...

了解...

得知某事

散布(言等)

...争吵

理...

...

考..

告某人关于某事

..好奇

...担心

 

二、名+(about+名)

(1)concern(aboutsb/sth)

(2)curiosity(aboutsb/sth)

(3)doubt(aboutsb/sth)

(4)ethusiasm(aboutsth)

(5)information(aboutsb/sth)

(6)remark(aboutsth)

(7)opinion(aboutsth)

(8)view(aboutsb/sth)

 

⋯的关心/关

⋯的好奇

⋯的疑

⋯的情

关于⋯的信息

⋯的

⋯的意

...的点

 

三、be+adj+(about+名)

(1)beangry(aboutsth)⋯而生气

(2)beanxious(aboutsth)⋯

(3)becareful(aboutsth)当心⋯

(4)becautious(aboutsth)防...;...持慎度

(5)becertain(aboutsth)确信关于某事

(6)becurious(aboutsth)⋯感到好奇

(7)bedisappointed(aboutsth)⋯感到失望

(8)beexcited(aboutsth)⋯感到

(9)beglad/happy(aboutsth)⋯感到高

(10)behopeful(aboutsth)⋯抱有希望

(11)becrazy/mad/wild(aboutsth)

⋯痴狂;酷某事

(12)benervous(aboutsth)

⋯感到不安/因...感到

(13)beoptimistic/positive

...是极的

(14)beparticular(about

(15)besad(aboutsth)

(aboutsb/sth)

sth)...

 

究,挑剔

⋯而

 

(16)beserious

(17)besorry

 

(aboutsth)

(aboutsth)

 

⋯真

...抱歉

 

作副的搭配:

 

名++about

(1)sthcomeabout

(2)sthgetabout

(3)sbturnabout

(4)sbwanderabout

(5)sbwalkabout

2、above

 

某事生

某事(尤指消息等)开

某人身

某人徘徊,游

某人走来走去

【原始含】

a-b-over“A

B上方”

【引申含】prep.

(1)在⋯上方atortoahigherplacethansth/sb

eg:

Thesunroseabovethehorizon.

(2)数目大于⋯/重量超⋯/价格(能力、地位)高于⋯

morethansth.;greaterinnumber,leveloragethansb./sth.

eg:

Thereisnothinginthestoreabove50cents.

(3)重要性或量超、

ofgreaterimportanceorofhigherqualitythansb/stheg.Irateherabovemostotherplayersofherage.

(4)声音超⋯louderorclearerthananothersound

eg:

Icouldn’thearherabovethenoiseofthetraffic.

(5)不至于,不屑于做某事

toogoodortoohonesttodosth

eg.Sheisabovesuspicion.

 

【常搭配】

 

一、+(above+名)

(1)live(aboveone’sincome)

(2)putA(aboveB)

(3)rise(abovesth)

(4)talk(aboveone’shead)

 

入不敷出地生活

把A看得比B更重要

克服...,不受....的影响

高深莫地

 

二、be+(above+名)

(1)be(aboveoneself)

高采烈=beinone’shighspirit

 

(2)be(aboveone’shead)

以理解/超出某人理解能力

 

3、across

【原始含】

a-grass“一片草坪”,across指在平面上,就像人走一片草坪那。

【引申含】prep.

(1)穿fromonesidetotheothersideeg:

Shewalkedacrosstheroad.

(2)在...面ontheothersideofsth.eg:

Thebarisjustacrossthestreet.

(3)交叉cross

eg:

Hesatwithhisarmsacrosshischest.

(4)在...各,遍及...everywhere

eg.Theopinioniscommonacrosstheuniversity.

 

【常搭配】

+(across+名)

(1)Acome(acrossB)A偶遇B

(2)Acut(acrossB)A走B捷径;A打断B

(3)Ago(acrossB)A穿B

(4)Aput(acrossB)A解清楚B;A把B送到岸

(5)Arun(acrossB)A横穿B;A偶然碰到B

4、after

【原始含】

“A在B之后(序)”【引申含】

[prep]

(1)在⋯之后(序、空序)laterthansth;followingsthintime

eg:

Afterdinner,theywentoutforawalk.

(1)在⋯后面,次于(按重要性)nexttothefollowingeg.Yournamecomesaftermineinthelist.

(2)与⋯照、比incontrasttosth

eg.Itwascoolaftertheheatoutside.

(3)照着⋯的子followingtheexampleofsb/stheg:

Readthesentenceafterme,please.

[adv]

后来、以后laterintime,afterwords

eg:

Soonafter,shecamebacktoherhometown.

 

Theprinceandprincesslivedhappilyeverafter.

 

【常搭配】

作介的搭配

一、名++(after+名)

(1)Achase(afterB)A追赶/追求B

(2)Ago(afterB)A追逐B.

(3)Alook(afterB)A照B.

(4)Amodel(afterB)A以B榜、原型;A效仿B

(5)Aname(afterB)A用B作名字.

(6)Arun(afterB)A追求/追赶/追逐B.

(7)Asearch(afterB)A研究B.

(8)Asee(afterB)A照B

(9)Aseek(afterB)A找B.

(10)Atake(afterB)A与B相像.

 

二、(after+名)

(1)(afterawhile)

(2)(afterall)

(3)(afterone’sownheart

5、against

 

 

了一会,不久

竟;究

正合...的心意;

【原始含】

a-g-a“相”

【引申含】

[prep]

(1)碰着、靠着touching,closetoorhittingsb/stheg:

Shewasleaningagainstatree.

(2)反opposingordisagreeingwithsb./sth

eg:

Weshouldfightagainstcrimes.

(3)防inordertopreventsthfromhappening

eg:

Savemoneyagainstarainyday.未雨

(4)反(反法律、制度)

eg:

Itisagainstthelawtohunttigers.

(5)不利于nottotheadvantageorfavorofsb./stheg:

Whathesaidisagainsthim.

(6)映withsthinthebackgroundasacontrast

Eg.Theredflagstoodoutclearlyagainstthebluesky.

(7)和⋯相比incontrasttosth

eg.Youmustweighthebenefitsagainstthecost.

【常搭配】

一、+(against+名)

 

(1)act(againststh)反...

(2)argue(againststh)...而争/据理反

(3)compete(againstsb)与某人比/争/抗

(4)decide(againststh/doingsth)

考后不做某事/声明反某事

(5)declare(against

sb/sth)

表反...

(6)fight(againststh)

反⋯;与...做斗争

(7)go(againststh)

反⋯

(8)inform(against

sb)

告、某人

(9)lean(againststh)

靠着某物/斜靠某物

(10)offend(against

sth)

犯⋯

(11)press(againststh)

在⋯上

(12)protect(against

sth)

保免受⋯的害

(13)prepare(against

sth)

防⋯

(14)strike(againststh)

工抗...

(15)struggle(against

sb/sth)

与...搏斗/反抗

(16)turn(againststh)

背叛⋯

(17)vote(againststh)

投票反⋯

(18)warnsb(againststh)

提醒某人提防某事

二、be+adj+(against+

名)

(1)beprejudiced(againstsb/sth)

...持有偏

(2)beproof(against

sth)

可防止⋯的

(3)beset(againststh)

决反...

6、around

【原始含】

a+round“A在一个里面(在一定范内)”【引申含】

 

[prep]

(1)在⋯周,surroundingsb/sth

eg:

Therearemanybarsaroundthetown.

(2)在附近,到inortomanyplaces

eg:

Ishowedhimaroundourcampus.

[adv]

(1)大approximately

eg:

Therearearound1000peoplewatchingthegame.

(2)在周

eg:

Howcanyoumakethewheelgoaround?

(3)在附近、到

eg:

Iranaroundtofindhim.

 

【常搭配】

作介

一、+(around+名)

(1)center(aroundsth)

以...中心,集中于...

(2)look(aroundsth)

...;游...;

(3)wrap(aroundsth)

住...;...;

二、around+

(1)(around

thecorner)

...靠近、近、快来了;

(2)(around

theclock)

日夜不停地;夜以日地

 

作副

名++around

(1)sbgazearound

某人向四周看,

(2)sthgetaround

某事(尤指消息、言等)走、流

(3)sb/sthturnaround

某人或某物身

 

7、at

【原始含】

“在所,上的一点”

【引申含】prep.

(1)小地点,或小点

usedtosaywheresb/sthisorwhensthhappenseg:

Usually,heis(athisoffice)(inthemorning).

Shewenttoschool(at8o’clock)(inthemorning).

 

(2)在几theage(atwhichsbdoessth)eg:

Shewasmarried(at23).

(3)向,朝某人或某物inthedirectiontowardssb/stheg:

Don’tpointatme.

knockatthedoor,shootatthetiger,aimattheenemy

(4)从相隔⋯的地方thedistanceawayfromstheg:

Canyoureadthatposter(atfiftymiles)?

You’dbetterkeephim(atadistance).

(5)于某种状thesituationsb/sthisin

eg:

Mr.Smithis(atlunch).

Thecountryis(atwar).

Billwas(athisbest)incollege.

(atone’sbest:

某人的煌期)

 

(6)在某方面intermsof⋯

eg:

Iamnotgood(atfootball).

(7)表示引某种情或作的原因toshowthecauseofsth

eg:

Heshowednosignofpleasure(atseeingher).

Iwasdelighted(attheresult)+.

【常搭配】

一、+(at+名)

(1)aim(atsth)

以⋯目;瞄准⋯;⋯;

(2)arrive

(atsth)

到达某地或某种程度

(3)blush

(atsth)

...感到;

(4)come(atsb/sth)

攻某人;某事

(5)fire(atsth)

向...开火

(6)gaze

(atsb/sth)

凝,注...

(7)get(atsth)到达,接近...;着手...;暗指...;意知...;

(8)glance(at

sb/sth)

一瞥,...

(9)glare(atsb/sth)

...怒目而

(10)grab/grasp

(atsb/sth)抓住...

(11)knock

(atsth)

敲⋯

(12)laugh(at

sb)

嘲笑某人

(13)look(atsb/sth)

看⋯

(14)point(at

sb/sth)

指向/瞄准/

(15)run(atsb/sth)

向某人冲去;

达到某种水平

(16)shoot(at

sth)

朝⋯射

(17)shout(atsb)

朝某人喊叫

(18)smile(at

sb)

向某人微笑

(19)target

(atsb/sth)

瞄准⋯,以⋯目

(20)wonder

(atsth)

⋯好奇/⋯感到吃惊

(21)yell(atsb)

某人大喊大叫

二、(at+名)

(1)(attheage

)(ofsomenumber)

在几

(2)(atanaltitude)(of

somenumber)

在某个高度

(3)(atthecost/expense

)(ofsth)

以...代价

(4)(attheend

)(ofsth)

在...的尾

(5)(attherequest

)(of

sb)

某人的求

(6)(attherisk

)(of

sth/doingsth)

冒着....的

(7)(atthesight

)(ofsb/sth)

一看....

(8)(ataspeed

)(of

somenumber)

以...的速度

(9)(atthethought

)(of

sb/sth)

一想到...

(10)(atbirth

出生

(11)(atbottom

其,上

 

(12)(atone

’scommand

听候...的差遣

(13)(atthecorner

在拐角

(14)(atdawn/daybreak

在黎明,在拂

(15)(atadiscount

减价、折扣

(16)(atfirst

最初,开始

(17)(athand

在手,即将生

(18)(athome

在家/国内

(19)(atlarge

自由,逍遥法外

(20)(atlength

(21)(atlast)

最后,于

(22)(atleast

至少,起

(23)(atleisure)

有空,暇

(24)(atthemoment

在,眼下...

(25)(atanyprice

不惜任何代价,无如何

(26)(atonetime

去,曾,一度

(27)(atthesametime

(28)(atwork

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