施心远主编听力教程4第2Unit1215问题详解.docx

施心远主编听力教程4第2Unit1215问题详解.docx

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施心远主编听力教程4第2Unit1215问题详解

Unit12

SectionI

1.急救是一种在专业医疗救护到达之前对意外伤害或事故的受害者所进行的医疗救护。

2.知道如何在紧急情况下进行急救，可能就意味着一个人的生死。

3.一种称为心肺复苏的急救方法，简称CPR，可以挽救心脏病、溺水和休克病人的生命。

4.在美国，CPR训练包括使用防护布或面罩覆盖嘴巴。

5.这有助于防止在做口对口复苏急救时传播疾病。

SectionII

Dialogue

DABCDCDD

Passage

1.LifeexpectancyatbirthintheUnitedStatesin1901was49yearswhileattheendofthecenturyitincreasedto77years.

2.Psychologistsfoundthatpeoplewhoentertainedpositivethoughtsregardingthemselvesandtheirfuturehealthlivedsevenyearslongerthanthosewithnegativeattitudes.

3.Wetendtoregardmedicaldisordersasthecauseofpoorhealthorshortenedlifespan,but,really,theirsignificanceissmallwhencomparedtotheimpactofthepsychologicalfactorsonhealth.

4.Exercise,weightlossornon-smokingcanincreasethelifespan.Anotheravenuetorejuvenationisthroughcreativity.

5.TheUSCensusBureaupredictedthattheUSAwouldeventuallyhave5.3millionpeopleagedover100in2100.

FTTTTTFT

Ex.2

1Itincreasedfrom49intheyear1901to77attheendofthecentury,anincreaseof57%.

2Inhumanhistory,preventingearlydeathsisthemaincauseoftheincreaseinlifeexpectancy.

3Wegetolderbecauseofthreethings:

agingofarteries,dysfunctionoftheimmunesystem,andaccidentsandenvironmentalhazards.

4He/shecouldpotentiallyfeelasyoungasa44-year-old.

5ThemainstreamviewisthatlifeexpectancyintheUSwillbeinthemid-80sbytheyear2050（upfrom77today）andwilltopouteventuallyinthelow90s.

SectionIII

Item1:

A.aserioussnowstormthathitNewYorkCity,US.

96kilometersanhour/localizeddrifting/68.3centimeters/blizzard/1869

1）Theroadnetworkinmanyplacesisimpassable.2）Mostoftheairportsintheregionhavebeenclosed,withhundredsofflightscancelled.3）PassengersontransatlanticflightsheadingintoNewYorkhave,insomecases,foundthemselvesdivertedtoalternativedestinations.

workednon-stop/keepstreetsandavenuesopen/peoplemakingtheirwaydownBroadwayonskis

Item2:

A.theevacuationofpeoplelivinginvillagesclosetoVolcanoMerapiwhichisabouttoerupt.

B.TFFTT

Item3:

A.theheavystormsandtheireffectsinEastAsia.

B.landslides/severalhundredhousestocollapse/theworstflooding/trapped/missing/landslidesandflooding/drownedinsidehiscar/deadinagutter

SectionIV

PartI:

A.Saturday/100/float/tide/senses/effect/aroma/crackling/keep/refueling

B.1）WaterFireattracts1millionvisitorseachyear,andbringsbusinesstodowntownrestaurants,hotelsandentertainmentvenues.Itbringsmorethan33milliondollarsinbusinesstothecityannually.

2）Itsetsagoodexampletootherriverfrontcities.

PartII

Dictation:

1.AnewstudypublishedinthecurrentissueofAmericanJournalofPublicHealthsuggeststhatmen’sbehaviormaybetoblame.

2.IthasbeenreportedthatateveryageAmericanmaleshavepoorerhealthandahigherriskofmortalitythanfemales.

3.Asifthatweren’tenough,mentendtoworkinmoredangeroussettingsthanwomen,andthusaccountfor90%ofon-the-jobfatalities,mostlyinagriculture.

4.Inlow-lyingfloodzones,menaremorelikelytodrivearoundbarricadesanddrowninhighwater.

5.Thesereasonsalonewouldcertainlycontributetoashorterlifespanformen,buttheproblemmaybeevenmoreprofound.

CABDDBAD

Unit13

SectionI

6.Avianinfluenza,or“birdflu”,isacontagiousdiseaseofanimalscausedbyvirusesthatnormallyinfectonlybirdsand,lesscommonly,pigs.

7.Whileallbirdspeciesarethoughttobesusceptibletoinfection,domesticpoultryflocksareespeciallyvulnerabletoinfectionsthatcanrapidlyreachepidemicproportions.

8.Thecurrentoutbreakofbirdfluisdifferentfromearlieronesinthatofficialshavebeenunabletocontainitsspread.

9.RapideliminationoftheH5N1virusamonginfectedbirdsandotheranimalsisessentialtopreventingamajoroutbreak.

10.TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendsthatinfectedorexposedflocksofchickensandotherbirdsbekilledinordertohelppreventfurtherspreadofthevirusandreduceopportunitiesforhumaninfection.

1.禽流感是一种由病毒引起的动物接触性传染病，通常只感染禽类，在少数情况下也会感染猪。

2.尽管所有的鸟类都会受感染，但是家禽群体特别容易受感染，而且会迅速造成大规模爆发流行。

3.目前爆发的禽流感与早些时期的禽流感不同，因为官方还无法控制它的传播。

4.迅速杀灭受感染的禽类和其他动物体内的H5N1病毒对预防禽流感的大规模爆发极其重要。

5.世界卫生组织建议捕杀所有受感染和有接触史的鸡群和其他禽类，以防止病毒的进一步传播和减少人类受感染的机会。

SectionII

Dialogue

TFTFFTTTFF

Passage

6.Asthesunclimbstoitsnoondayapex,thebeardedmantakesoffhisstrawhat,wipesthesweatfromhisbrow,andsitsbehindateamofmules,plowingthecornfield.

7.Soonhe’llheadhometothefarmhouse,wherehiswifehasjusthungouttheweek’swash.

8.Theywillsitdowntoasimplemeal:

breadthathisdaughtershavebaked,vegetablesfromthegarden,perhapssomefreshlymadestrawberrypreserves.

9.Gardensarefullofripeningfruitsandvegetables,readytobepickedandpreservedforthewinter.

10.Themagicalworkshopisachild’swonderland:

aminiaturewoodentableandchairset,doll-sizedcradlesandslightlybiggeronesfrotheirowners,andmini-farmhouses,completewithwoodenanimals.

FTTTFTTT

Ex.2

1.YouwillseeacheerfulAmishgirlbehindthecounterscoophugehelpingsoftherichest,creamiesticecreamintowafercones.

2.Thereligiousbeliefsforwhichtheylefttheirhomelandstilldefinetheirlives,fromtheirnametotheirlanguage–aGermandialect,andtheirold-fashionedways.

3.Theyconsiderthemodern21st-centuryconveniencestobevulgartemptations,andtheyeschewanypermanentphysicalconnectionto“theoutsideworld”–gaslines,electricwires,telephones,computersandtelevisions.

4.Afterthat,theboyshelptheirfathersonthefarmandthegirlswiththeirmothersathome.

5.Becausethereareanarrayofarm-freshproduceandtypicalAmishfood.

SectionIII

Item1:

B.theseriousproblemofinsufficienthealthcareindevelopingcountries,especiallyinAfricancountries.

C.Statistics:

10%/24%/37%/3%/over50%/lessthan1%

Analysis:

1）AIDS/tuberculosis/malaria/childhoodvaccination/pregnantwomen

2）moredoctorsandnurses/higherthaninAfrica/abraindrainofhealthprofessionals

3）ethicalrecruitmentpolicies/internationalinvestment/morestaff/4million/1.3billion

Item2:

B.theWHOrecommendationsonthebesttimetostarttreatmentforHIV.

C.1Fourmillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavetakenanti-retroviraldrugs.

2Fivemillionpeoplewhoneedthedrugshavenotgotthemyet.

3HIVpatientsstarttakingdrugsbeforetheirimmunesystemsdisplaysymptoms.

4Thetreatmentatthenewlyrecommendedlevelcouldincreasesurvivalbynearly70%.

5Theywillsignificantlyreducethecosttohealthsystemsoftreatingopportunisticinfections,greatlyimprovelifeexpectancyofHIVpatients,bringhopetothefamiliesandsolvetheproblemsofreducedworkforce.

Item3:

A.Paristrafficchaoscausedbyone-waytrafficsystem.

B.commuters/wasblocked/noentry/werebemused/converged/onesideroad

Adecision/solvetheproblemofheavytrafficthroughhisborough/morevehicles/district/aone-waysystem/twodays/returnimmediately/trafficdisorder

SectionIV

PartI:

A.TheArtofChoosing/theimpact/choices/over15years/thinksabout/practice

lovemarriage/balance/adeeprespect/limitation/thepossibilities

BAmericanstudents:

independence,possibility,opportunityanddream/givemoreweighttowhattheywantforthemselvespersonally

Japanesestudents:

responsibility,burdenandanxiety/placegreateremphasisonhowtheirchoiceswillaffectothers

C1Iyengartakestheglobalfinancialcrisisasanexampletosupportherview.

2Thecorporationschoosetosellhomemortgagestopeopletheyknewcouldnotaffordthem,andtheircustomerschoosetobuyhomesinspiteoftheirinabilitytopayforthem.

3Theabovepracticeundoubtedlyleadstoputtingshort-termselfinterestaheadoflong-termconsequences.

PartII

Dictation:

6.NowtimesarechangingandtheInuit,knownasEskimosdownsouth,areadaptingtothenewlivingenvironment.

7.TheirbarrenhomelandbecameaCanadianterritory,Nunavut,in1999,andthisgavethemmoresayintheiraffairs.

8.TotheInuit,polarbearshavespecialsignificance.ThisarchetypalsymbolofthemajestyandthreatoftheArcticgracesthegovernmentlogoandlicenseplatesofNunavut.

9.Theynowarea“speciesofspecialconcern”duetopastover-harvesting,whichrosewiththeintroductionofsnowmobiles,andenvironmentalthreats.

10.TheNunavutWildlifeManagementBoardsetsayearlyhuntingquota.Itwas408forlastseason,thoughjust385bearswerekilled.

Exercise1:

DBACDACB

Exercise2 :

1.Heradviceincludes :

brushthesnowoffyourcaribouskinparkaquickly ;don’tpushyourselftoofastorhard ;avoidanykindofmoisture,whichcanbedeadlyintheArcticcold ;thepackicemustbestrongenoughoutnearthewatertosupportdogsledsorsnowmobiles ;dunkingmeansdeathforpolarbearhunters.

2.Theygenerallygooutforfoodatnightordaybreakandsleepintheafternoon.

3.Theyhavetoscanwideexpansesoficeforbearsortheirtracks,andthenworkinteamstotrapthemontheicebetweentheopenwaterandtheshore.

4.Theyarenowa“speciesofspecialconcern”becauseofpastover-harvesting,whichrosewiththeintroductionofsnowmobiles,andenvironmentalthreatssuchasglobalwarming.

5.TheforeignsporthuntershavetopayUS$20,000ormoreforeachpolarbeartheykill.

Unit14

SectionI

11.和其他西方国家，如加拿大、德国的政府不同，美国政府不向其公民提供由公共财政支出的医疗保障。

12.公民必须购买健康保险，每年人均花费需要几千美元。

13.如果一个公民没有这种保险的话，那他必须要么支付医疗费用，要么到别的价格低廉、有时是三等医疗机构或县医院就诊。

14.各种州政府援助计划可以涵盖一些急诊或长期治疗的费用。

15.在美国，医疗费用是造成个人破产的最常见的原因。

Se