海明威中的硬汉形象.docx

海明威中的硬汉形象.docx

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海明威中的硬汉形象

CHAPTERⅠINTRODUCTION

HemingwayisarenownedAmericanauthoroftheTwentiethcenturywhocentershisnovelsonpersonalexperiencesandaffections.Heisoneoftheauthorsnamed"TheLostGeneration".TheFirstandtheSecondWorldWarshaveaffectedHemingwayalot,hehasoncejoinedthearmyandinjuredinItaly,andhesufferedalotthatwasbroughtaboutbythewardeeply.Inthechildhood,influencedbyhisfather,Hemingwaywasinterestedinmusic,pictures,hunting,fishingandthehiking.Gradually,hechangedhisattitudetowardswarandlife.Whathecouldnotcopewithisthepost-warAmerica,andthereforeheintroducedanewtypeofcharacterinwritingcalledthe"codehero".ThepurposeofthepaperistoexplorethethemeofthecodeherocreatedbyHemingwayandanalyzethemaincharacteristicsofthecodeheroinhisthreemasterpieces:

TheSunAlsoRises,ForWhomtheBellsTolls,theOldManandtheSea.Thesignificanceofthispaperistotalkabouttheinfluencesofthespiritofcodeherotoourmodernpeople,andwithaviewtohelpreadersgetabetterunderstandingofErnestHemingway’smasterpieces.

Thispapercanbedividedintosixparts.Thefirstpartisthebriefintroduction,thesecondpartistheliteraturereview,thethirdandfourthparttalksaboutHemingwayandcodeheroes,andanalyzehismainworksandhistoricalbackground.Thefifthpartstudiesthesignificanceofthespiritofcodeheroinourdailylife.Thelastpartfocusesonthesummaryofthispaper.

CHAPTERⅡLITERATUREREVIEW

2.1DomesticResearchSituation

Domesticcriticsusetheword“tough-guy”todescribeHemingway.Suchas,ZhaoJiaBiused“hardhearted”conceptinhispaperresearchonHemingway（1935）;AfterDongHengXunusingtheconceptof“codehero”inhispaperabriefanalysisofHemingway（1962）,fromthenon“codehero”iswidelyused,anditwasregardedasthecharacterofhero.

DongHengXunalsosaid“codehero”means“someoneisunyieldingman”.Thisreferstoaman,whokeepsstrivingwhenhefacesthefailureanddangereventhedeath,maintainingthedignityoftheindividual’slonelyman（DongHengxun,135）

2.2OverseasResearchSituation

StanteyCoopermanconsiderstheoldManandtheSea“apoemofreconciliationtothemeaningandnatureofage”,maintainingthatHemingwayfailstoviewoldageinanyothertermsbutthroughthevaluesofpride,sacrifice,andenduranceandasahardeningratherthanasofteningofthequalitiesfoundinyouth（Hemingway,1965）.

ThescholarAndersHallengrenwritesthatbecauseHemingwaylearnedfromPoundto"distrustadjectives,"hecreatedastyle"inaccordancewiththeestheticsandethicsofraisingtheemotionaltemperaturetowardsthelevelofuniversaltruthbyshuttingthedooronsentiment,onthesubjective."（Hallengren,Anders,2011）.

CHAPTERⅢHEMINGWAYANDHISMAINWORKS

3.1ABriefIntroductionofHemingway

ErnestHemingway （1898-1961）,borninOakPark,Illinois,startedhiscareerasawriterinanewspaperofficeinKansasCityattheageofseventeen.AftertheUnitedStatesenteredtheFirstWorldWar,hejoinedavolunteerambulanceunitintheItalianarmy.Servingatthefront,hewaswounded,wasdecoratedbytheItalianGovernment,andspentconsiderabletimeinhospitals.Hewaswoundedmanytimesandexperiencedatleast12operationswhichtookout237steelfragments.Allthesedidn’tdefeatHemingway.Stillheindulgedhimselfinfishinghuntingandbull-fightingfromwhichhepursuedthrillingscenesandenjoyedhimselfinfighting.Hemingwaysufferedmuchillnessandinjuryandhecommittedsuicideatlast.Buthissuicidecannotshowhewastimidandpessimistic.Onthecontrary,hesetuponimageofbraverbecauseheregardedhisillnessandinjuryashis“enemy”suchasthenature.Heusedhislifeasaweaponinordertogetridofhis“enemy”hewouldratherchoosetodie.Heandhis“enemy”endedincommonruin.AfterhisreturntotheUnitedStates,hebecameareporterforCanadianandAmericannewspapersandwassoonsentbacktoEuropetocoversucheventsastheGreekRevolution.Hewasanovelistandshortstorywriterwhobecameoneofthebest-knownAmericanauthorsinhiscentury.HewasregardedasagiantbothinAmericanliteratureandtheworldliterature.Forthestyleoflivingasanadultandthefactthathisbooksaboundinsportstermsarepartlytraceabletohisearlylifethatheintroducedanewtypeofcharacterinwritingcalledthe“CodeHero”.Hisvarietyofinterest,especiallytheloveoffishingextremelyaffectedallhislifeandhedrewmuchwritinginspirationfromhisfishingexperiences.Inhisnovelsthecodeheroeswhostrugglewiththemixtureoftheirtragicfaultsandthesurroundingenvironment.Moreover,Hemingway’screationnotonlyoriginatedfromlife,truetolifebutsuperiortolife.Hemingwayisarealismwriterconsequentlycopiedsomethingmechanically.Duringthetwenties,HemingwaybecameamemberofthegroupofexpatriateAmericansinParis,whichhedescribedinhisfirstimportantwork, TheSunAlsoRises （1926）.HemingwayusedhisexperiencesasareporterduringthecivilwarinSpainasthebackgroundforhismostambitiousnovel, ForWhomtheBellTolls （1940）.Amonghislaterworks,themostoutstandingistheshortnovel, TheOldManandtheSea （1952）,thestoryofanoldfisherman'sjourney,hislongandlonelystrugglewithafishandthesea,andhisvictoryindefeat.

InHemingway’snearlysixty-twoyears’literarycareer,hehadbeentryinghardtogethisstyleof“icebergtheory”.Hedidn’tlayspecialemphasisbyhisinnerbeauty.AccordingtoHemingway,goodliterarywritingshouldbeabletomakereadersfeeltheemotionofthecharactersdirectlyandthebestwaytoproducetheeffectistosetdownexactlyeveryparticularkindoffeelingwithoutauthorialcomments,withoutconventionallyemotivelanguage,andwithabareminimumofadjectivesandadverbs,seeminglysimpleandnatural.ManypeoplebelievethatthenovelisaboutthelifeofHemingwayhimself.BecausesomepartsofthestorydorelatetowhatHemingwayhasexperiencedinhislife.In1953,ErnestHemingwayreceivesthePulitzerPrizefortheoldandthesea.

3.2ThePlotofTheSunAlsoRise

The protagonistof TheSunAlsoRises isJakeBarnes,anexpatriateAmericanjournalistlivinginParis.Jakesuffereda warwoundthatlefthimimpotent;thenatureofhisinjuryisnotexplicitlydescribed.HeisinlovewithLadyBrettAshley,atwice-divorcedEnglishwoman.Brett,withher bobbedhairandnumerousloveaffairs,embodiesthenewsexualfreedomofthe1920s.

TheBookOneissetinthe coffeesociety ofParis.Intheopeningscenes,JakeplaystenniswithhiscollegefriendRobertCohn,andmetBrett.Later,BretttellsJakesheloveshim,buttheybothknowthattheyhavenochanceatastablerelationship.

InBookTwo,JakeisjoinedbyBillGorton,recentlyarrivedfromNewYork,andBrett'sfiancéMikeCampbell,whoarrivesfromScotland.JakeandBilltravelsouthandmeetRobertCohnat Bayonne forafishingtripinthehillsnortheastof Pamplona.Insteadoffishing,CohnstaysinPamplonatowaitfortheoverdueBrettandMike.CohnhadanaffairwithBrettafewweeksearlierandstillfeelspossessiveofherdespiteherengagementtoMike.TheyrejointhegroupinPamplonawheretheybegintodrinkheavily.Cohn'spresenceisincreasinglyresentedbytheothers,whotaunthimwith anti-semiticremarks.Duringthefiestathecharactersdrink,eat,watchthe runningofthebullsattendbullfights,andbickerwitheachother.JakeintroducesBretttothe19-year-oldmatadorRomeroattheHotelMontoya;sheissmittenwithhimandseduceshim.Thejealoustensionamongthemenbuilds—Jake,Campbell,Cohn,andRomeroeachloveBrett.Cohn,whohadbeenachampionboxerincollege,hasfistfightswithJake,Mike,andRomero,whomhebeatsup.Despitehisinjuries,Romerocontinuestoperformbrilliantlyinthebullring.

BookThreeshowsthecharactersintheaftermathofthefiesta.Soberagain,theyleavePamplona;BillreturnstoParis,MikestaysinBayonne,andJakegoestoSanSebastiáninnortheasternSpain.AsJakeisabouttoreturntoParis,hereceivesa telegramfromBrettaskingforhelp;shehadgoneto Madrid withRomero.Hefindsherthereinacheaphotel,withoutmoney,andwithoutRomero.SheannouncesshehasdecidedtogobacktoMike.ThenovelendswithJakeandBrettinataxispeakingofthethingsthatmighthavebeen.

3.3ThePlotofForWhomtheBellTolls

Thisnovelistoldprimarilythroughthethoughtsandexperiencesoftheprotagonist,RobertJordan.ThecharacterwasinspiredbyHemingway'sownexperiencesintheSpanishCivilWarasareporterfortheNorthAmericanNewspaperAlliance.RobertJordanisanAmericanintheInternationalBrigadeswhotravelstoSpaintoopposethe fascistforcesof FranciscoFranco.Asanexperienceddynamiter,hewasorderedbyacommunistRussiangeneraltotravelbehindenemylinesanddestroyabridgewiththeaidofabandoflocalantifascist guerrillas,inordertopreventenemytroopsfrombeingabletorespondtoanupcomingoffensive.（TheSovietUnionaidedandadvisedtheRepublicansagainstthefascistsintheSpanishCivilWar.Similarly,Hitler'sNazisandMussolini'sItalyprovidedFrancowithmilitaryaid.）Intheircamp,RobertJordanencountersMaría,ayoungSpanishwomanwhoselifehadbeenshatteredbytheexecutionofherparentsandherrapeatthehandsofthefalangis（partofthefascistcoalition）attheoutbreakofthewar.HisstrongsenseofdutyclasheswithbothguerrillaleaderPablo'sunwillingnesstocommittoanoperationthatwouldendangerhimselfandhisband,andhisnewfoundlustforlifewhicharisesoutofhis