高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破八 Word版含答案.docx

高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破八 Word版含答案.docx

《高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破八 Word版含答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破八 Word版含答案.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三阅读理解第三步题型突破八Word版含答案

题型突破（八）　主旨大意之标题归纳题

A

（2017·盐城南洋中学月考）

Iamastrongbelieverthatifachildisraisedwithapproval，hewilllearntolovehimselfandwillbesuccessfulinhisownway.

Severalweeksago，Iwasdoinghomeworkwithmysoninthethirdgradeandhekeptstandingupfromhischairtogooverthemathlines.Ikeptaskinghimtositdown，tellinghimthatheshouldconcentratebetter.Hesatbutsecondslater，asifhedidn’tevennoticehewasdoingit，hegotupagain.Iwasgettingfrustrated，butthenithitme.Istartednoticinghisanswersweremuchquickerandaccuratewhenhestoodup.Couldhebemoreintentwhilestandingup?

ThismademestartquestioningmyselfandwhatIhadbeenraisedtobelieve.Iwasraisedtobelievethataquiet，calmchildwasasurewaytosuccess.Thischildwouldhavethedisciplinetostudyhard，getgoodgradesandbecomesomeoneimportantinlife.

NowthosesamepeopleperhapscometorealizethattheirkidsarebornwiththeirownsetsofDNAandpersonalitytraits，andallyoucandoislovingandacceptingthem.Asparents，throughouttheirgrowingyearsandbeyondthat，weneedtobeourkids’bestcheerleaders，guidingthemandhelpingthemfindtheirway.

Ihavestoppedaskingmysontositdownandconcentrate.Obviously，heisconcentratingjustinhisownwayandnotmine.Weneedtolearntoacceptourkids’waysofdoingthings.Somewaymayhaveworkedformebutdoesn’tmeanweneedtocarryitthroughgenerations.Thereisnothingsweeterthanbeingindividualandunique.Itmakesusfreeandhappyandthat’sjustthewayIwantmykidstolivetheirownlife.

语篇解读　作者通过辅导孩子写作业的经历意识到用传统的教育方式约束孩子已不再适用，父母应该引导和帮助孩子找到适合他们自身的学习方法，培养他们独特的个性，进而促使他们获得成功。

1．Atthebeginning，theauthortriedtokeephissonseatedinordertomakehim.

A．paymoreattentiontohisstudy

B．keepsilentintheroom

C．finishhishomeworkontime

D．getrightanswers

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Ikeptaskinghimtositdown，tellinghimthatheshouldconcentratebetter.”可知，作者让他儿子坐下来是想让他更专心地学习。

故选A。

2．Inspiredbythecaseofhisson，theauthorbegantodoubt.

A．theimportanceofparents

B．theoldformofeducation

C．therelationshipbetweenkidsandtheirparents

D．thegoodgradesofsomekids

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段尤其是第一句“ThismademestartquestioningmyselfandwhatIhadbeenraisedtobelieve.”可知，作者开始怀疑传统的教育方式是否正确。

故选B。

3．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsisRIGHT?

A．Weshouldhelpkidscorrecttheirwrongways.

B．Parentsshouldstudytheirkids’DNA.

C．Kidsshouldbetaughttobehavethemselves.

D．Parentsshouldloveandaccepttheirkids.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“...andallyoucandoislovingandacceptingthem.”可知，父母应该关爱并接受他们的孩子。

故选D。

4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．StudyHardandYou’llBeSuccessful

B．BeFriendlytoYourChildren

C．Children’sSuccessinTheirOwnStyle

D．Parents’HelpwithTheirChildren’sStudy

答案　C

解析　标题归纳题。

文章第一段开门见山地提出了本文的主题，如果孩子得到了认同，就能学会自爱并用自己的方式取得成功，所以C项最能概括文章大意。

B

（2016·盐城三模）

For150millionyearsduringtheageofthedinosaurs，agroupofdolphin-likereptilescalledichthyosaursruledtheocean—untileverythingstartedtogowrong.

Aftermultiplyingintoabout100knownspecies，ichthyosaursbegantodisappearfromtheoceansaroundthemiddleoftheCretaceousperiod，atimeofturbulentchangesintheenvironment.Theaquaticreptileswentextinct28millionyearsbeforetherestoftheirdinosaurcohort.

Scientistshavebeenunabletofindasingularcataclysmicevent，suchasavolcaniceruptionormeteoritestrike，whichcouldexplainichthyosaurs’abruptdisappearancefromthefossilrecord.

Nowresearchershavenewexplanationforthelizardfish’sdemise：

Theyhadlosttheirabilitytoadapttoaswiftlychangingclimate.

TheaquaticlizardsthrivedthroughouttheearlyyearsofthedinosaursinthePermian，TriassicandJurassicperiods.ThencametheCretaceousperiod.

Thatwasaturbulent（动荡不安的）timetoliveonEarth.Thepoleswerenearlyice-free，causingsealevelstoreachgreatheights.Temperatureswereamongthehottesttheplanethasseeninthelast250millionyears.

Scientistshaveblamedthedemiseoftheichthyosaursontheirinabilitytokeepupwithotherpredatorsorthelossofkeypreyspecies.ButanewstudybyValentinFischer，apaleontologistwhostudiesichthyosaursattheUniversityofLiegeinBelgium，andhiscolleaguessaysneitheroftheseexplanationscouldaccountforthescaleandspeedofthedieoff.

WritinginthejournalNatureCommunications，Fischerandhiscolleaguesarguethattheunstableclimatecontributedtothedisappearanceofichthyosaursduringa5-millionto6-million-yearwindowintheCretaceousknownastheCenomanianstage.

“Whiletherisingtemperaturesandthehigherseadidn’thadadirecteffectontheichthyosaurs，theycouldhaveplayedanindirectroleintheirdecline，”Fischersaid.“Thechangingclimatecouldhavemadetheirfoodmorescarce，ordisruptedmigratoryroutesandbirthingplaces，amongotherconsequences.”

Despitetheirvarietyofbodyshapesandsurvivalstrategies，ichthyosaurswereunabletokeepupwithallofthesechanges，thestudyauthorswrote.

TheyreachedthisconclusionbycomparingthegeologicalrecordoftheCretaceoustoanewlyreconstructedhistoryofichthyosaurevolutionbasedonmuseumspecimensandareviewofinformationinpreviouslypublishedstudies.

Whatbecameclearwasthattheichthyosaursextinctioncoincidedwithglobalclimateshiftsandtheanimals’slowerrateofevolution，whichleftthemunabletoadaptastheirenvironmentchanged，thestudyfound.

“Theywereprobablyverywelladaptedtotheirniches，andtheirenvironmentswereprobablyprettystable，”Fischersaid.“Thatcouldhaveloweredthepressureofnaturalselectionandthusloweredtheirratesofevolution.”

ThinkoftheCenomanianstageasatransitionperiod.

语篇解读　本文是说明文，题材是科普知识类。

本文介绍了鱼龙（ichthyosaur）灭绝的原因。

5．Theunderlinedword“That”inParagraph6referstotheperiodof.

A．PermianB．Triassic

C．JurassicD．Cretaceous

答案　D

解析　代词指代题。

根据第五段最后一句“ThencametheCretaceousperiod.”可知，鱼龙一直活到了白垩纪时代。

第六段紧接着说，这是地球上生存的动荡时期。

可见that指白垩纪时代。

故选D项。

6．Fischerandhiscolleaguescametotheirconclusionby.

A．makingcomparisons

B．conductingexperiments

C．analyzingsamples

D．observingweatherchanges

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

根据倒数第四段“TheyreachedthisconclusionbycomparingthegeologicalrecordoftheCretaceoustoanewlyreconstructedhistoryofichthyosaurevolution...”可知，Fischer和他的同事们是通过比较得出结论的。

故选A项。

7．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeusedtoconcludethelastbutoneparagraph?

A．Nopains，nogains.

B．Nomaniswiseatalltimes.

C．Abadbeginningmakesabadending.

D．Surviveindisasters，perishincomfort.

答案　D

解析　段落大意题。

根据倒数第二段内容可知，Fischer认为，鱼龙很可能十分适应它们的生态区位，它们的环境也很可能是稳定的，那样的话可能降低了自然选择的压力，因而降低了它们的进化速度。

“Surviveindisasters，perishincomfort.”（生于忧患死于安乐），符合本段内容。

故选D项。

8．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．ANewResearchFocusedontheHistoryofIchthyosaurEvolution

B．ASwiftClimateChangeFollowedtheDisappearanceofIchthyosaurs

C．ClimateChangeTaughtAncientIchthyosaursaLesson：

AdaptorDie

D．IchthyosaursRuledtheOceanfor150MillionYearsBeforeDisappearing

答案　C

解析　标题归纳题。

纵览全文可知，文章的主题是，新的研究发现鱼龙灭绝的原因是它们失去了适应气候变化的能力。

因此，题目为“气候变化给古代鱼龙一个教训：

适应或灭亡”，符合文章内容。

故选C项。

C

（2017·苏锡常镇四市一模）

Aperson’schancesoffallingillfromanewstrain（菌株）offluareatleastpartlydeterminedbythefirststraintheyevermetwith，astudysuggests.

ResearchinScienceJournallookedatthe18strainsofinfluenzaA（甲型流感）andthehemagglutininprotein（红血球凝集素蛋白）onitssurface.Theysaythereareonlytwotypesofthisproteinandpeopleareprotectedfromtheonetheirbodymeetsfirst，butatriskfromtheotherone.

AUKexpertsaidthatcouldexplaindifferentpatternsinflupandemics（流行病）．

Theresearchers，fromtheUniversityofArizonainTucsonandtheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles，suggesttheirfindingscouldexplainwhysomefluoutbreakscausemoredeathsandseriousillnessesinyoungerpeople.Thefirsttimeaperson’simmunesystemmeetsafluvirus，itmakesantibodiestargetingthehemagglutininproteinthatsticksoutofthesurfaceofthevirus—likealollipop（棒棒糖）．

Eventhoughthereare18typesofinfluenzaA，thereareonlytwoversionsofhemagglutinin.Theresearchers，ledbyDrMichaelWorobey，classedthemas“blue”and“orange”lollipops.Theysaidpeoplebornbeforethelate1960swereexposedto“bluelollipop”fluviruses—H1orH2—aschildren.Inlaterlifetheyrarelyfellillfromanother“bluelollipop”flu—H5N1birdflu，buttheydiedfrom“orange”H7N9.Thoseborninthelate1960sandexposedto“orangelollipop”flu—H3—havetheoppositepattern.

HisteamlookedatcasesofH5N1andH7N9—twokindsofbirdfluwhichhaveaffectedhundredsofpeople，buthavenotdevelopedintopandemics.Theresearchersfounda75%protectionrateagainstseverediseaseand80%protectionrateagainstdeathifpatientshadbeenexposedtoaviruswiththesameproteinversionwhentheywerechildren.

DrWorobeysaidthefindingcouldexplaintheunusualeffectofthe1918“Spanishflu”pandemic，whichwasmoredeadlyamongyoungadults.“ThoseyoungadultswerekilledbyanH1virusandfrombloodanalysedmanydecadeslaterthereisaprettystrongindicationthatthoseindividualshadbeenexposedtoamismatchedH3aschildrenandwerethereforenotprotectedagainstH1.ThefactthatweareseeingexactlythesamepatternwithcurrentH5N1andH7N9casessuggeststhatthesamefundamentalprocessesmaygovernboththehistoric1918pandemicandtoday’scontenders（斗争者）forthenextbigflupandemic.”

JonathanBall，professoroftheUniversityofNottingham，said，“Thisisareallyneatpieceofworkandprovidesareasonwhyhumanpopulationshav